• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2018

Objectives The Eum-Yang (Yin-Yang in English) temperament was shown to have clinical and structural validity with Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), however the studies of the association with behavior problems and personality structure in adolescents were not satisfactory. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between Eum-Yang temperament and behavior problems in Korean middle school students. Methods 122 first grader of middle school students (68 boys and 54 girls) completed SPQ, Junior version of Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI), and Youth Self Report (YSR). The correlations between SPQ, JTCI, and YSR subscales were investigated. And, also the differences between SPQ, JTCI, and YSR subscales among Yang (high 30% of SPQ total score) and Eum (low 30% of SPQ total score) temperament groups classified with SPQ total score were examined. Results The SPQ total score were correlated with Novelty-Seeking (r=.321) and Reward-Dependence (r=.392) in boys, and with Novelty-Seeking (r=.427) and Harm-Avoidance (r=-.444) in girls. The SPQ total score were not significantly correlated with Body Mass Index, Ponderal Index and YSR total, however significantly correlated with YSR Internalizing problems and Withdrawal/depressed subscale (r=-.242 and r=-.419) in boys and Withdrawal/depressed subscale (r=-.449) in girls. There were significant differences between Eum and Yang groups in Novelty-Seeking, Harm-Avoidance and Withdrawal/depressed as for boys and girls. Conclusions The biopsychological structure of SPQ was confirmed with middle school students. The behavioral (SPQ-B) and emotional (SPQ-E) perspectives of Eum-Yang were found to be protective and risk factors, and also correlated with Externalizing and Internalizing behavior problems, respectively. The biopsychological characteristics of Eum-Yang temperament and its relation with psychopathological symptoms in late-childhood should be carefully analyzed.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.143-153
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• 2012

Objectives : This study examined the current prevalence rate of school bullying and its related psychopathology. Methods : A total of 3,550 elementary/middle school students and their parents were recruited for this study. A self-report questionnaire on perpetration and victimization in school bullying was used for collection of data regarding prevalence and the present state of school bullying. For evaluation of associated psychopathology, self report forms, including the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Rating Scale (ARS), Korean-Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), Korean-Youth Self Report (K-YSR), and the Korean Eppendorf Schizophrenia Inventory (K-ESI) were applied. Samples were classified according to four subtype groups (control, victim, perpetrator, and victim-perpetrator) and characteristics of each group were compared. Results : Overall, the prevalence rate for bullying perpetration was 64.4% and the prevalence rate for bullying victimization was 63.4%, indicating involvement of more than half of students in school bullying. Bully-victims reported high social immaturity and depressive and suicidal tendency, whereas bully-perpetrators reported less social immaturity and more externalizing problems. Among the subtype groups, the victim-perpetrator group showed the most prominent depressive/anxiety tendency and behavioral problems. Conclusions : Both victimization and perpetration of bullying are common problems for child and adolescent groups and several psycho-social problems were found to be related. The results of this study will guide direction of future study and development of strategies for prevention of bullying.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.220-227
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Behavior Problems Inventory (BPI-01) among children and adolescents aged between 3 and 18. Methods: The control group consisting of one hundred children and adolescents was recruited from schools and the patient group consisting of forty one children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder were recruited from a hospital. We compared the measurements of both groups. To assess the concurrent validity of the BPI-01, we compared the problem behavior index of the Korean Scale of Independent Behavior-Revised (K-SIB-R) and, to assess the discriminant validity, we compared the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL). The Cronbach's alpha of the BPI-01 was measured to assess its reliability. Correlation analyses between the BPI-01 and the other scale were carried out to examine the former's concurrent and discriminant validity. Results: The patient group showed a significantly higher score for all three subscales of the BPI than the control group. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.92 for the total severity score of the BPI and ranged between 0.67-0.89 for each subscale in the patient group. All subscales of the BPI-01's, i.e., self injurious behavior, stereotyped behavior and aggressive/destructive behavior, were significantly correlated with the corresponding subscales of the K-SIB-R. The BPI-01 generally did not demonstrate any significant correlation with emotional items such as anxiety/depression in the K-CBCL. Especially, the BPI-01's stereotyped behavior subscale showed little correlation with externalizing behaviors such as social problems and aggressive behaviors. Conclusion: This study found that the Korean version of BPI-01 is a reliable and valid behavior rating instrument for problem behavior in developmental disabilities among children and adolescents.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.307-321
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• 2017

본 연구는 중 고등학교 학생 2,260명을 대상으로 Big 5 성격요인에 따른 청소년 성격특성에 발달적 변화가 있는지 알아보고자 한다. 성별과 학년에 따라 성격 5요인의 발달적 변화에 차이를 보이는지 확인하였고, 더불어 신경증 하위요인을 추가적으로 분석함으로써 청소년기 문제행동 시기와 특성을 확인 하였다. 분석에는 일원배치변량분석(One-way ANOVA)을 사용하였으며 유의미한 차이가 난 경우 사후검증을 실시하였다. 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청소년의 성격 5요인 특성이 성별에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 개방성, 성실성, 외향성은 여자가 남자보다 높게 나타났고, 신경증은 남자가 여자보다 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 청소년의 성격 5요인 특성 모두에서 학년에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 청소년기 성격특성에 대한 성별에 따른 학년별 발달적 경향성에서도 성별 간 다른 양상을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 성별과 학년에 따른 분석에서 남자는 중등 2학년, 여자는 고등 3학년에서 성격특성이 두드러질 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 신경증과 관련된 외현화 행동문제는 중등 1 2학년에서 내현화 행동문제는 고등 3학년에서 주로 발현될 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 현재 우리나라 청소년 성격특성의 발달적 변화를 확인할 수 있었으며, 또한 성별과 학년에 따라 상이한 정신건강문제가 발현 될 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.153-160
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• 1996

본 연구의 목적은 청소년 행동장애의 예후에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 알아보기 위한 것이었다. 이를 위해 저자들은 행동장애의 진단 하에 6개월 이상 입원치료를 받은 후 퇴원한 청소년 환자들을 대상으로 퇴원후 6개월 동안에 행동장애의 진단기준에 다시 부합되는지 여부에 따라 예후가 양호한 군 37명과 예후가 불량한 군 36명을 선발하였으며 입원기간동안 완료된 청소년 자가 보고척도 및 다면적 인성검사, 한국판 웩슬러 지능검사를 통해 두 군의 비교를 시행하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과들은 다음과 같다. 1) 청소년 자가보고척도에서 전체 문제점수와외면화 증후군의 점수, 그리고 비행척도의 점수가 유의하게 높고 그 이외의 척도에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 2) 교육정도, 사회경제적 상태, 부모의 교육정도 등의 가족환경 요소들 중에서 두 군간에 유의한 차이를 보이는 요소는 없었으나, 사회경제적 상태의 경우 예후가 불량한 군에서 더 높은 경향을 보였다. 3) 다면적 인성검사에서 두 군간에 유의한 차이를 보이는 척도는 없었다. 4) 한국판 웩슬러 지능검사상 두 군간에 전체 지능지수의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론적으로 절대적인 문제행동의 양이 많았던 경우에서 예후가 불량 것이라는 가설을 본 연구결과에서 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2013

Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify the importance of goodness of fit in mother-child temperamental interaction (MCTI) and the child problem behaviors. Methods The behavior problem of 180 child outpatients from traditional Korean medical clinic was measured with Korean version of Child Behavior Checklists, and the temperament of child and their mother was measured with Junior Temperament and Character Inventory and Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised-Short. The MCTI was calculated as the difference of the temperament score between mother and child. The correlation and linear regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of temperament on Child Behavior Checklists. Results The MCTI on Harm-Avoidance was the significant factor for explaining the internalizing problem (B=-.154, t=-10.130, p<.001), externalizing problem (B=-.045, t=-3.340, p=.001) and total problem (B=-.298, t=-7.574, p<.001). We also confirmed that the temperament of mother and child significantly correlated with the child behavior problems as provided previously. Conclusions These results showed that the temperament interaction between mother and child is an important factor for predicting problem behaviors in child clinical sample. The goodness of fit in MCTI and problem behavior should be considered as pivotal element in traditional Korean pediatrics.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the association between current suicidal or violent behavior and deficits of specific neurocognitive variables in child and adolescent inpatient samples diagnosed with mood disorder. Methods: A retrospective review of the charts of mood disorder patients hospitalized at Samsung Medical Center between April 2004 and April 2015 was conducted. Child and adolescent patients aged between 10 and 18 years old and those who finished neurocognitive function testing during their hospitalization were included. Among them patients whose full scale IQ was between 85 and 115 were selected (N=111). Participants were first divided into two age-groups-group Y ($10{\leq}age{\leq}15$, N=54) and group O ($16{\leq}age{\leq}18$, N=57)-because neurocognitive function test tools were different according to age [Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) for 10 to 15-year-old patients, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) for 16 to 18-year-old patients]. They were then divided according to their suicidal or violent behavior-non suicidal/violent group (NG), suicidal group (SG), violent group (VG), and both suicidal/violent group (BG). The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was checked for measurement of participants' behavior and the Gordon Diagnostic System was checked for measurement of their attention efficiency. Kruskal-Wallis Test and Tukey test was used to determine the differences in neurocognitive function between groups. Results: O-SG patients showed lower scores on the comprehension subscale of WAIS-III than O-NG patients (${\chi}^2=8.454$, p=.015). O-VG patients showed lower scores on the block design subscales of WAIS than O-SG patients (${\chi}^2=7.496$, p=.024). Y-VG patients showed higher scores in aggressive behavior, externalizing problems, and total problems scores of CBCL. Conclusion: This study showed relationship between specific neurocognitive deficits and suicidal or violent behavior. These relationships were significant in relatively older adolescents.

• 한국심리학회지ㆍ건강
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.483-500
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• 2011

의학 발전과 함께 소아암이 치료 가능한 질병이 되면서, 소아암 생존자 아동, 청소년의 장기적인 심리사회적인 적응과 관련된 문제가 주목을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라의 소아암 생존자 아동, 청소년의 삶의 질과 문제 행동 수준을 건강 통제 집단과 비교하고, 자녀의 심리적 적응 상태를 평가하는데 나타나는 부모와 자녀의 보고 불일치 양상이 소아암 경험 여부에 따라 차이가 나타나는가를 알아보았다. 소아암 생존자 집단과 건강 통제 집단의 아동, 청소년과 그들의 어머니가 연구에 참여하였다. PedQL의 아동 버전과 부모 버전을 이용하여 삶의 질을 측정하였고, K-CBCL과 K-YSR을 이용하여 문제행동 수준을 측정하였다. 분석 결과, 소아암 생존자 집단은 건강 통제 집단과 비교하여 전반적으로 신체적, 사회적 기능에서 낮은 삶의 질을 경험하고 있었고, 높은 수준의 내재화된 문제 행동을 보이고 있었다. 이 때의 결과는 어떤 정보원을 사용하였느냐에 따라 다소 차이를 보였다. 정보원간의 보고 불일치 양상을 살펴보았을 때, 두 집단 모두에서 부모는 자기 보고에서보다 문제 행동은 더 낮게, 삶의 질은 더 높게 보고하는 경향을 보였다. 소아암 생존자 집단과 건강 통제 집단에서 나타난 부모와 자기 보고의 불일치 정도를 비교해보았을 때, 삶의 질의 대부분의 영역에서는 유의미한 차이가 없었으나 내재화된 문제행동 영역에서 소아암 생존자 집단이 건강 통제 집단보다 부모와 자녀의 보고 차이가 유의미하게 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 본 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 의의와 한계점에 대해 논의하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.258-265
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• 2015

Objectives : Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have problems in social interactions. We compared the effect of 10-session social skill training (SST) among two groups, children with pure ADHD, and those with ADHD with comorbidity. Methods : Consecutive 10-session SST was conducted for 34 children from 2006 to 2012. There were 22 children with pure ADHD (male 20, female 2), and 12 children suffering from ADHD with comorbidity (male 11, female 1). All children took medication as prescribed by their doctors before the start of SST. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the Korean Personality Inventory for Children (K-PIC), the Conner's Rating Scale, the ADHD Rating Scale, and the Home Situation Questionnaire were completed by mothers before and after the SST. All children completed the Child Depression Inventory, the Stat-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, the Self-Concept Scale and the ADHD Diagnostic System before and after the SST. Results : Only children with pure ADHD showed improvement in anxiety and self-concept in scales rated by children. In the CBCL rated by parents, the pure ADHD group and the ADHD with comorbidity showed improvement in both externalizing and internalizing subscales. In the K-PIC rated by parents, the pure ADHD group showed improvement in most outcomes and ADHD with comorbidity showed positive change in verbal development. Conclusion : These results suggest that SST has significant positive effects on both the pure ADHD and ADHD with comorbidity group. Further research is needed in order to target diverse comorbidity groups with ADHD to improve the effectiveness of the SST.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.338-348
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• 2020

본 연구는 아버지와 어머니의 우울수준의 종단적 상호관계를 파악하고, 아버지와 어머니 우울수준이 초등학교 자녀의 언어발달, 문제행동 및 학교적응에 미치는 영향은 어떠한지를 살펴보았다. 본 연구는 한국아동패널 4-8차년(2011~2015년)도 자료를 활용하여, 변수들 간의 종단적인 변화 관계를 추정하는데 적합한 잠재성장모형을 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석대상은 1,754 가구의 아버지, 어머니, 자녀였다. 분석결과 아버지 우울수준 초기값이 어머니 우울수준 변화율에 미치는 영향과 어머니 우울수준 초기값이 어머니 우울수준 변화율에 미치는 영향만이 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 어머니 우울은 어머니 자신의 우울 문제 뿐 아니라 아버지 우울 문제에 의해서 영향을 받는 우울의 자기효과와 상대방 효과가 동시에 나타났다. 아버지의 우울수준 초기값과 어머니 우울수준 초기값은 어머니 우울수준 변화율을 매개로 하여 자녀의 수용어휘, 내재화 및 외현화 문제행동, 학교생활적응, 학업적응, 또래적응에 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 학령기 자녀의 건강한 발달과 학교적응을 위해 아버지 및 어머니 둘 다를 위한 우울 예방 및 개입 프로그램이 마련되어야 할 것이다.