• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.253-269
• /
• 2020

This study aims to develop items to diagnose pre-service physics teachers' understanding of the conceptual knowledge of modern physics, based on the achievement criteria presented in the 2015 revised national science curriculum, and to identify the validity and reliability of the newly developed items. Data were collected from 467 pre-service physics teachers in the Physical Education Department or Science Education Department (Physics Education Major) of 15 universities across the nation. In this study the content validity, substantive validity, the internal structure validity, generalization validity, and the external validity proposed by Messick (1995) were examined by various statistical tests. The results of the MNSQ analysis showed that there was no nonconformity in the 23 items. The internal structure validity was confirmed by the standardized residual variance analysis, which shows that the 22 items was unidimensional. The generalization validity was confirmed by differential item functioning (DIF) analysis about groups lectured or not modern physics/quantum mechanics. In addition, item analysis and test analysis based on classical test theory were performed. The mean item difficulty is 0.66, mean item discrimination is 0.47 and mean point biserial coefficient obtained was 0.41. These results for item parameters satisfied the criteria respectively. The reliability of the internal consistency of the KR-20 is 0.77 and the Ferguson's delta obtained was δ = 0.972. By Rasch model analysis, the item difficulty (item measures) was discussed.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.183-190
• /
• 2005

During normal operating conditions, a motor vehicle is constantly subjected to a variety of forces, which can adversely affect its straight-ahead motion performance. These forces can originate both from external sources such as wind and road and from on-board sources such as tires, suspension, and chassis configuration. One of the effects of these disturbances is the phenomenon of vehicle lateral-drift during straight-ahead motion. This paper examines the effects of road crown, tires, and suspension on vehicle straight-ahead motion. The results of experimental studies into the effects of these on-board and external disturbances are extremely sensitive to small changes in test conditions and are therefore difficult to guarantee repeatability. This study was therefore conducted by means of computer simulation using a full vehicle model. The purpose of this paper is to gain further understanding of the straight-ahead maneuver from simulation results, some aspects of which may not be obtainable from experimental study. This paper also aims to clarify some of the disputable arguments on the theories of vehicle straight-ahead motion found in the literature. Tire residual aligning torque, road crown angle, scrub radius and caster angle in suspension geometry, were selected as the study variables. The effects of these variables on straight-ahead motion were evaluated from the straight-ahead motion simulation results during a 100m run in free control mode. Examination of vehicle behavior during straight-ahead motion under a fixed control mode was also carried out in order to evaluate the validity of several disputable arguments on vehicle pull theory, found in the literature. Finally, qualitative comparisons between the simulation results and the test results were made to support the validity of the simulation results.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.27-60
• /
• 2022

Previous studies stated that low carbon innovation performance could be influenced by government regulations and the green market, which is the new trend of consumer consumption in the present time, mainly focusing on external factors. Before study augured that low carbon innovation performance could be driven by internal and external factors of cooperation such as institutional pressure, stakeholder pressure, and innovation resources. However, the study of green transformational leadership and organizational environmental culture on low carbon innovation performance is rare, especially in Chinese manufacturing, as well as the effect of influencing factors of TPB model: environmental attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior capability on low carbon innovation performance. Previous studies mostly used the TPB model for predicting individual behavior. This study established a theoretical model combining the TPB model with green transformational leadership and organizational environmental culture of Chinese automobile manufacturing on low carbon innovation performance. This study consists of two sections of research methodology: section 1 related to questionnaire design and data collection. We established a questionnaire and distributed it online, targeting responses from the managerial level working in Chinese automobile manufacturing. Eventually, 155 valid questionnaires were used for analysis. Section 2 involved data analysis using statistical software. Reliability and data validity was examined by reliability analysis and factor analysis. Correlations and convergent validity analyses were applied, and structural equation modeling was conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings indicated that green transformational leadership, organizational environmental culture, and essential factors of TPB model; environmental attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavior capability positively affect low carbon innovation performance. In addition, the indirect effect of green transformational leadership was tested and found that organizational environmental culture and TPB factors mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and low carbon innovation performance.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.765-774
• /
• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTİVES: It is important to determine Dysfunctional eating behaviors such as dietary restraint and overeating tendencies in order to provide weight management and acquire the right habits in children. The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire Children (DEBQ-C) with Turkish preadolescent children. MATERIALS/METHODS: This research included 440 preadolescents (9.3 ± 6.9 years and 235 girls, 205 boys). The instrument is divided into three subscales, each with 20 items. Emotional eating, restrained eating, and external eating are the three subscales. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess the construct validity of the Turkish version of the DEBQ-C, and Cronbach α values were computed to evaluate the subscale reliabilities. There were 20 observable variables and three latent variables in the hypothesized model. RESULTS: Fit indices for the hypothesized model were good (×2/degree of freedom = 1.96; root mean square error of approximation = 0.05; comparative fit index = 0.95; goodness of fit index = 0.93). These findings revealed that the Turkish version of the DEBQ-C has a factor structure that was identical to the three-factor structure of the original scale. The Turkish version of the DEBQ-C subscales has internal consistency coefficients ranging from 0.72 (external eating) to 0.86. (emotional eating). CONCLUSIONS: The DEBQ-C Turkish version is a viable and reliable tool for measuring overeating tendencies in Turkish preadolescents, according to the findings.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
• /
• v.54 no.5
• /
• pp.207-219
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study was to test the validation of the Korean version of the Talent Development Environment Questionnaire for sport(TDEQ; Martindale et al., 2010), developed through the conceptual and statistical verification stages(substantive stage-structural stage-external stage). In accordance with the procedure of translation, the substantive concepts of the items were reviewed. The data were collected from a sample of 244 ; 117 high school student-athletes and 127 university student-athletes. In order to test the internal structure of TDEQ, EFA/CFA, and internal consistency were performed. As a result, Korean version of the TDEQ had 5 factors with 38 items. External relationship by correlation analysis and group differentiation analysis were obtained to enhance the validity of the test. Overall, the Korean TDEQ will be used as a diagnostic and evaluation tool at the stage of detection, identification, selection, and development of Sport Talent.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.135-151
• /
• 2012

Traditionally in IS studies, the relationship between construct and its measurement items tends to be assumed to be reflective, meaning that the measurements are a reflection of the construct. In reality, however, the nature of the construct can be often formative, which means that its measurement items describe and define the construct rather than vice versa. The purpose of this study was to investigate theoretical and empirically-analysed differences between formative construct and reflective construct through comprehensive interdisciplinary literature review. And then on the basis of these differences, we intended to derive the rule of specifying whether the construct is formative or reflective and propose the methodology of testing the validity(content validity, construct validity, internal consistency and external construct) of formative construct and its measurements, differentiated from that in the case of reflective construct. Also, we suggested the concrete statistical testing methods such as VTT(Vanishing Tetrad Test), MIMIC(Multiple Indicators and Multiple Causes) test and multi-collinearity test. In order to examine the applicability of this methodology to developing the constructs for performance evaluation of IS(Information Systems), we tried to identify its attribute(formative or reflective) and test the validity for the construct arbitrarily chosen among them which had been derived in our previous IS performance evaluation study by using this methodology. The result of the examination was that the methodology proposed in this study was significantly valid and effective in the area of IS performance evaluation.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.297-306
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to develop a scale for measuring obsessive compulsive and to verify structural validity from students participating in physical education class. The procedure for this purpose was firstly conducted through an open questionnaire, followed by item search and appropriateness assessment, then analyzing the reliability of the final version based on the preliminary criterion and checking the construct validity. After analyzing the factors of the criticism, We collected the data and analyzed the items and the factors from 387 respondents. The subjects were social obsession (4 items), psychological obsession (3 items) and physical obsession (3 items) The final determinant of the 10 factors was completed. We conducted A multivariate analysis on the determinants of gender and class satisfaction to confirm the external relationship review. The reliability of the scale developed in this study showed not only a high level of confidence from .856 to .907, but also reasonized and proved to be an obsessional scale for physical education for the promotion of life care. These measures can be used as a data for measuring physical education compulsion in class.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2020

Aircraft should be equipped with various external stores for mission performance. Since these external stores may cause structural instability of aircraft, an evaluation of the effects between the aircraft and the external stores is required. For this purpose, an aircraft dynamic characteristics analysis reflecting an external store was performed, and the finite element model for the analysis of aircraft dynamic characteristics should simulate the dynamic characteristics of the component as accurately as possible while using a minimum of the nodes and elements. In this study, a stick model was constructed for dynamic characteristics analysis of the external fuel tank and installation pylon using MSC Patran/Nastran. For the calculation of the equivalent stiffness of the stick model, a simple beam theory was applied to construct the stick model of each part, and the validity of each stick models was confirmed by mode comparison with the fine model. Additionally, the model analysis of the stick model assembly, simulating a pylon equipped with an external fuel tank was performed to confirm that the basic modes required for the analysis of aircraft dynamic characteristics are well extracted. Finally, it was confirmed that the developed stick model assembly could be used for analysis of aircraft dynamic characteristics by comparing the errors in modes between the fine model assembly and the stick model assembly.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.51-62
• /
• 2012

In this paper, we propose a self instrument learning tool using a PC-based software and an external electronic keyboard instrument with USB interface to help primary school students to learn playing piano more easily and effectively. The PC-based learning software and the external electronic keyboard instrument interact through the USB interface. This tool has a help window to provide information how to play and support interesting game mode for exercise. The external electronic keyboard instrument receives a selective information through the USB interface and display it on LEDs and 7-segment for novices to easily know the relation between the notes and the positions in the keyboard. The external keyboard instrument can detect false inputs, display them on LEDs and on the information window. We implemented a self instrument learning system and our feasibility tests showed its validity of the self learning tool to improve the learning efficiency.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.165-171
• /
• 2005

When typhoon approaches, ship normally drops her anchor at proper anchorage for sheltering. If an anchoring ship is under the influence of typhoon, she can keep her position when the external force and counter force is balanced. Where, external force is induced by wind, wave and tidal currents while counter force is induced by holding power of anchor/chain and thrust force of main engine. In this study, authors presented a method to analyze theoretically the limit of external force for the ship to keep her position without being dragged and, to check the validity of method, applied this to the ship which had been anchored in Jinhae Bay when the typhoon MAEMI passed on September 2003.