• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.255-266
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• 2022

Purpose: This study sought to study the effects of cross-legged sitting posture on joint motion. It also examined the correlation between the changes in the joint range of motion, musculoskeletal symptoms, and facial asymmetry. Methods: The Acumar Digital Inclinometer (Lafayette Instrument Company, USA) was used to measure the range of motion (ROM). We measured the flexion and extension of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine using a dual inclinometer, and measured the ROM of the shoulder and hip joint with a single inclinometer. The Likert scale questionnaire was used to investigate musculoskeletal symptoms and facial asymmetry. Results: The data analysis was performed using the Jamovi version 1.6.23 statistical software. After confirming the normality of the ROM with descriptive statistics, it was compared with the normal ROM through a one-sample t-test. Correlation matrix analysis was performed to confirm the association between facial asymmetry and musculoskeletal symptoms. The result of the one-sample t-test showed a significant increase in the thoracic spine extension and right and left hip external rotation (p<0.001^***), while most other joints were restricted. As per the frequency analysis, facial asymmetry was found to be 81.70%. Conclusion: The independent variable, namely cross-legged sitting posture led to an increase in ROM. The study also suggests that facial asymmetry and musculoskeletal symptoms could occur. Therefore, to prevent the increase and limitation of ROM and to prevent the occurrence of facial asymmetry and musculoskeletal symptoms, it is suggested that the usual cross-legged sitting posture should be avoided.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.230-237
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• 2020

Objective: To investigate the physical appearance and therapeutic changes that occur with the performance of Schroth exercise in patients with scoliosis. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Fifteen subjects with maximum curvature of the lumbar who were diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis had volunteered to participate in the study. Eight subjects were included in the experimental group where they performed the Schroth Therapeutic Exercise and the other seven were included in the control group. The experimental group underwent 2 hours of weekly treatment for 12 weeks, while the control group did not during the same period based on the decisions of patients or guardians. The Mann-Whitney rank test was carried out to compare the treatment results of the two groups, and the comparison within the group was done by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The vertebral rotation angle (VRA) was by Scoliometer, and difference of rotated and curved portion volume (DV) between both sides on the major curvature portion measured by 3D human body scanning system. Results: In the experimental group, 12 weeks of Schroth exercise therapy has significant improved in correction rate (CR) in Cobb's angle (CA), VRA, and DV between both sides on the major curvature portion (p<0.05), while significant differences were not found between the groups regarding weight bearing difference in both feet (WD) and DV (p<0.05). Conclusions: Schroth exercise performance showed significant changes in the patient's therapeutic changes (CA, VRA), but the physical appearance (DV, WD) was not significant, indicating that external changes in the treatment goal setting are more difficult goals to achieve.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.115-127
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• 2023

Objectives Through this study, we investigated the effects of Korean medicine treatments on range of motion recovery and pain reduction in patients with Frozen shoulder. Methods In this study, the medical records of 26 patients diagnosed with frozen shoulder were retrospectively observed and analyzed through the IBM SPSS Statistics 25 program. We used range of motion to observe the patient's motion recovery and numeric rating scale to evaluate pain reduction. Results The shoulder range of motion increased statistically significantly from 160.0 (123.5~170.0) to 170.0 (160.0~180.0) (flexion), 115.0 (90.0~135.0) to 167.5 (130.0~178.8) (abduction), 40.8±22.1 to 58.3±16.0 (external rotation) (p<0.001). The average of numeric rating scale reduced statistically significantly from 6.7±2.0 to 3.2±1.4 (p<0.001). Depending on the period, the range of motion increased statistically significantly when visited within 3 months, also the pain score decreased 7.0 (5.4~8.0) to 3.0 (1.8~3.6) statistically significantly when visited within 3 months. In the treatment intervention, the increase in the range of motion and the decrease in pain were statistically significant, especially when the bee venom acupuncture and chuna manaul therapy were used together. Conclusions Korean medicine treatments was effective in improving the range of motion and reducing pain in frozen shoulders. In particular, when treated within 3 months of onset and when bee venom acupuncture and chuna manual therapy were used together, it was effective in recovering the range of motion and reducing pain.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.535-544
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• 2024

In the rapidly advancing landscape of computer vision (CV) technology, there is a burgeoning interest in its integration with the construction industry. Camera calibration is the process of deriving intrinsic and extrinsic parameters that affect when the coordinates of the 3D real world are projected onto the 2D plane, where the intrinsic parameters are internal factors of the camera, and extrinsic parameters are external factors such as the position and rotation of the camera. Camera pose estimation or extrinsic calibration, which estimates extrinsic parameters, is essential information for CV application at construction since it can be used for indoor navigation of construction robots and field monitoring by restoring depth information. Traditionally, camera pose estimation methods for cameras relied on target objects such as markers or patterns. However, these methods, which are marker- or pattern-based, are often time-consuming due to the requirement of installing a target object for estimation. As a solution to this challenge, this study introduces a novel framework that facilitates camera pose estimation using standardized materials found commonly in construction sites, such as concrete forms. The proposed framework obtains 3D real-world coordinates by referring to construction materials with certain specifications, extracts the 2D coordinates of the corresponding image plane through keypoint detection, and derives the camera's coordinate through the perspective-n-point (PnP) method which derives the extrinsic parameters by matching 3D and 2D coordinate pairs. This framework presents a substantial advancement as it streamlines the extrinsic calibration process, thereby potentially enhancing the efficiency of CV technology application and data collection at construction sites. This approach holds promise for expediting and optimizing various construction-related tasks by automating and simplifying the calibration procedure.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 2024

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of elastic band-resistive exercise using audio-visual medium on pain, proprioception, and motor function in adults with chronic neck and shoulder pain. Design: One group pretest-posttest follow-up experimental design. Method: Twenty adult women with neck and shoulder pain voluntarily participated in this study. Elastic band-resistive exercise using audio-visual medium including cervical flexion and extension, shoulder external rotation, and scapular retraction-protraction motions was conducted 5 times a week for 3 weeks. The Numerical Rating Scale, pressure threshold tool, CROM goniometer, and Image J software were used to assess subjective pain level, tenderness threshold (pain), joint position sense error (proprioception), joint range of motion, and postural alignment (motor function), respectively. Result:: The pain intensity and threshold and joint position sense error showed significant decreases after the intervention, whereas the joint range of motion angle revealed significant increases. The postural alignment including forward head posture and rounded shoulder revealed significant improvements after the intervention. Conclusions: Therefore, we suggest that elastic band-resistive exercise through audio-visual medium would be helpful in preventing and managing pain and physical dysfunction in individuals with chronic neck and shoulder pain, and then it would support the development of health management-related online education content.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.406-415
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• 2023

Background: Surgical management of a massive rotator cuff tear (RCT) is always challenging. This study describes the clinical and radiological outcomes of patients who underwent bridging grafts using a plantaris tendon for an irreparable RCT. Methods: Thirteen patients with a massive RCT were treated with arthroscopic interposition of a folded plantaris tendon autograft between June 2017 and January 2020. For clinical evaluation, a visual analog scale (VAS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, Constant-Murley score, and range of motion values were collected. For radiographic evaluation, standardized magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography were performed to check the integrity of the interposed tendon. Results: A statistically significant improvement at the final follow-up was evident in scores for the VAS (-3.0, P=0.003), ASES (24.9, P=0.002), D ASH (-20.6, P=0.001), and Constant-Murley values (14.2, P=0.010). In addition, significant improvement was shown in postoperative flexion (17.3°, P=0.026) and external rotation (27.7°, P<0.001). In postoperative radiologic evaluations, the interposed tendons were intact at the last examination in 12 of the 13 patients. No complications related to donor sites were reported. Conclusions: An arthroscopic bridging graft for irreparable RCTs using a modified Mason-Allen stitch and a plantaris autograft resulted in improved short-term radiological and clinical outcomes. Graft integrity was maintained for up to 2 years in most patients. Level of evidence: IV.

• Hip & pelvis
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.268-276
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• 2023

Purpose: Resection remains the most reliable treatment for established heterotopic ossification, despite questions regarding its effectiveness due to the potential for complications. This study evaluated the clinical outcomes and complications of neurogenic heterotopic ossification (NHO) resection in stroke patients' ankylosed hips. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed nine hip NHO resections performed on seven patients from 2010 to 2018. The pre- and postoperative range of motion of the operated hip were compared. Analysis of postoperative complications, including infection, recurrence, iatrogenic fracture, and neurovascular injury was performed. Results: The mean operative time was 132.78±21.08 minutes, with a mean hemoglobin drop of 3.06±0.82 g/dL within the first postoperative week. The mean duration of postoperative follow-up was 52.08±28.72 months for all patients. Postoperative range of motion showed improvement from preoperative. Flexion and external rotation (mean, 58.89±30.60° and 16.67±18.03°, respectively) showed the greatest gain of motion of the operated hip joint. Postoperative infections resolved in two cases through surgical debridement, and one case required conversion to total hip arthroplasty due to instability. There were no recurrences, iatrogenic fractures, or neurovascular injuries. Conclusion: Resection is a beneficial intervention for restoring the functional range of motion of the hip in order to improve the quality of life for patients with NHO and neurological disorders. We recommend performance of a minimal resection to achieve a targeted functional arc of motion in order to minimize the risk of postoperative complications.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.70-76
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• 2006

Purpose: This study presents 5 patients who had metallic anchor protrusion on glenoid after Bankart repair in anterior shoulder instability and reviewed the cause, clinical feature and arthroscopic removal technique. Method and Materials: 5 male with average age of 22 years (range 19 to 25 years) were included. 4 patients had arthroscopic Bankart repair and 1 patient had open repair for anterior shoulder instability. They had protruded metallic suture anchors on glenoid and the protruded suture anchors were removed arthroscopically using larger suture anchor empty inserter. Results: 4 patients had painful clicking sound with motion of abduction and external rotation and 1 patient showed shoulder instability. The ROM showed normal except mild degrees loss of external rotation. The position of protruded metallic anchor was 2, 3 and 5 O'clock in three patients and 4 O'clock in 2 patients. In 2 patients, the metallic suture anchor was malpositioned about 5mm off on the medial side from the anterior glenoid edge. All had Outerbrige classification Grade II-III chondral damage on humeral head and 1 patient showed glenoid cartilage destruction. None had shoulder instability after 2 years of follow-up. Constant score was 65 preoperatively and 89 postoperatively. ASES score was 67 preoperatively and 88 postoperatively. Conclusion: Symptoms of protruded suture anchor are not combined with instability. Most of symptoms were revealed from the rehabilitation period and confused with postoperative pain. Prompt diagnosis and early arthroscopic removal or impaction of protruded metallic suture anchor is recommended because of serious glenohumeral cartilage destruction. This is easy and simple and reproducible method to remove protruded metallic suture anchor arthroscopically.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical results of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and posterolateral structure (PLS) reconstruction using bilateral hamstring tendon autografts. Materials and Methods: From October 2002 to March 2004, ten patients were received PCL and PLS reconstruction simultaneously using bilateral hamstring autografts. PCL was reconstructed using ipsilateral hamstring tendon and fixed with cross pins and Intrafix (Mitek, Norwood, MA). PLS was reconstructed using contralateral hamstring tendon. The mean follow up was 17 months. Clinical assessments consisted of Lysholm knee scores, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) evaluation form and posterior stress radiographs. External rotation of tibia was evaluated at $30^{\circ}\;and\;90^{\circ}$ knee flexion using Noyes and Barber-Westin's classification. Contralateral harvest site morbity was evaluated using IKDC evaluation form and flexion power of the knee. Results: Mean posterior displacement of tibia using stress radiographs was improved from 13.3 mm to 3.7 mm. In tibial external rotation evaluation, 7 patients were functional, 2 patients were partially functional and one failure. The average Lysholm knee score improved from 54 preoperatively to 86 postoperatively. At the final IKDC evaluation, 8 patients were graded as nearly normal, 2 were graded as abnormal. In contralateral harvest site morbidity evaluation, 2 patients complained of numbness around the wound but negligible. Conclusion: PCL and PLS reconstruction using bilateral hamstring autografts was considered as a good treatment method with minimal contralateral harvest site morbidity.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.78-85
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• 2011

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of computerized tomography (CT) for the diagnosis and the fragment fixation of anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament avulsion fracture in ankle fracture. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively studied 108 patients with an ankle fracture who had been checked with plain radiographs and CT from July 2006 to July 2010. They were divided into two groups; patients with (19 patients) and without (89 patients) an avulsion fracture of anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament. The two groups were evaluated with Lauge-Hansen classification, the energy of trauma, and the radiologic indices for syndesmotic injury, and were compared each other. Average follow up periods of two groups were 25 and 23 months each. Those who were unstable at stress test during surgery were divided into fragment fixation of anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament avulsion fracture group (8 patients) and transfixation one (11 patients) according to treatment method. Clinical and radiological results at last follow up were also compared. Results: Fourteen avulsion fractures of anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament were diagnosed by CT only. Incidences of pronation-external rotation injury, high energy trauma, positive radiologic indices for syndesmotic injury were significantly higher in patients with an avulsion fracture of anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament than those without it. Clinical and radiological results were satisfactory in both groups at last follow up, and were not significantly different between them. Conclusion: In patients who have an ankle fracture by pronation-external rotation injury, high energy trauma, or with positive radiologic indices for syndesmotic injury, CT is useful for diagnosis of an avulsion fracture of anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament. Fragment fixation of anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament avulsion fracture is a useful treatment option for syndesmotic injury.