• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.285-298
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• 1992

An analysis of the dynamics in the closing phase of the occluder of a mechanical monoleaflet heart valve prosthesis is presented. The dynamic analysis of the fluid in the vicinity of the occluder was based on the control vo]use approach. The backflow velocity of the fluid was computed by applying the continuity, Bernoulli's and momentum equations in the unsteady state. By considering the fluid pressure and gravity as external forces acting on the occluder, the moment equilibrium on fine occluder was employed to analyze the motion of the occluder during closing and the force of impact between the occluder and the guiding struts. Occluder comes to rest after several oscillations in about 10-18 msec after the Inltiaton of closing. As the aortic pressure increases, the occludes closes faster and comes to the final resting position earlier and the impact force increases also. But backflow is not af footed by the variation of the aortic pressure. With decreasing time delay of the ventricle pressure, the occluder closes faster and impact force Increases. The computed magnitudes of the occluder tiP velocities as well as the backflow of the fluid during the closing phase using this model were in agreement with previously reported experimental measurements.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 1972

The effects of omission of buffers from Krebs-Ringer medium on contractile activity, membrane potentials and ATP content of electrically stimulated isolated rat atria were investigated. 1) Contractile status: A rapid and marked depression of the contractile activity of atria occurred when buffer-free medium was substituted for the normal Krebs-Ringer medium. 2) Electrical status: The omission of buffers from medium did not alter the resting or action potential magnitudes of atria. However, the action potential duration was on initial increase followed by a decrease in the buffer-free medium. 3) ATP concentration: The omission of buffers from medium resulted in a marked decrease in the ATP levels of atria. It has been also found in the present study that bicarbonate buffer plays an important role for the maintenance of the contractility and ATP levels of the heart. The contractile depression by the omission of buffers was not directly associated with electrical alterations in resting or action potentials of the heart. In the absence of bicarbonate-buffer, glucose no longer plays to maintain the contractile activity and the ATP levels of rat atria.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 1975

The effects of histamine on cardiovascular system in 6 dogs were analyzed. Mongrel dogs, 10 to 16 kg in body weight, were anesthetized with Nembutal (30 mg/kg) and arterial blood pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure, electrocardiogram were recorded and measured plasma potassium concentration. Histamine $(100{\mu}g/ml)$ was infused slowly at the rate of 0.25 ml/min through the external jugular vein until BP was 80/60 and maintained restored BP for more than 5 min. The process repeated $4{\sim}5$ times. At each time before and after infusion every items were recorded and measured. 1. Arterial blood pressure was 142/105 (mean 117) mmHg in control and decreased to 90/60 68) after histamine infusion. 2. Heart rate changed from 175 beat/min to 150 and central venous pressure from 6.2 to 5.2 cm $H_2O$. 3. Plasma potassium concentration was 4.3 mEq/L and slightly increased to 4.7 mEq/L but it was not significant statistically. 4. Most characteristic changes revealed in EKG especially in T-waves. Height, Width, Steepness, and Slimness were increased $1.5{\sim}3.7$ times than control level and Pointedness decresed 0.5 times than before.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.115-120
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• 2001

We came to the conclusion after considering all of information from many kinds of books on the Bufobufo gargarizans Cantor. The result were as follows: 1. Bufobufo gargarizans Cantor is originated from the bufonidae of caudata of amphibia of chordata. 2. The form of Bufobufo gargarizans Cantor is obese, about 12 centimeter long and the color of Bufobufo gargarizans Cantor is dark brown, black. 3. The charateristics and the tastes of Bufobufo gargarizans Cantor is cold and spicy and the Guigyung of Bufobufo gargarizans Cantor is heart and stomach. 4. The significant gredient of Bufobufo gargarizans Cantor is Bufagin, Steroids, Cinobufotoxin, ${\beta}$-sitosterol, Bufothionine, Bufotenidine, Bufo tenine, Bufalin, Butotalidin Hellebrigenin, Bufochrome. 5. The efficacy of Bufobufo gargarizans Cantor is pajinggyunhyul(破懲堅血), salgamjok(殺疳積), taehuyol(退虛熱), etc. 6. In direction of Bufobufo gargarizans Cantor, one time dosage is 2-3 gram in internal medicine, in external medicine dosage depends on the width. 7. Bufobufo gargarizans Cantor should be cautious in use those who is pregnant, have heart disease, gastritis, gastric ulcer. 8. The side effect of Bufobufo gargarizans Cantor is nausea, vomiting, abdomen discomfort, diarrhea, palpitation, headache, lethargy, etc. 9. Bufobufo gargarizans Cantor could be use in hepatoma, esophgeal cancer, stomach cancer, skin cancer, breast cancer and leukemia.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.110-115
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• 2024

A 22-year-old male patient presented to the clinic with severe pain in the preauricular area with an inability to completely occlude the jaw. Facial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well-defined lesion that was tentatively diagnosed as a benign tumor or cystic mass. Surgical approach of a lesion in the condyle is delicate and problematic as many vulnerable anatomical structures are present. There are several methods for surgery in this area. Typically, an extraoral approach is dangerous because of potential injuries to nerves and arteries. The intraoral approach also presents difficulties due to the lack of visibility and accessibility. On occasion, coronoidectomy may be performed. The goal here was to determine an easier and safer new surgical approach to the condyle. We reached the anterior part of the pterygoid plate in the same method as in Le Fort I surgery. From this point, through the external pterygoid muscle, approaching the anterior aspect of the condyle is relatively easy and safe, with minimal damage to the surrounding tissues. Pus was drained at the site, and the lesion was diagnosed as an abscess. Pain and inability to close the mouth resolved without recurrence.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.4021-4030
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• 2015

Pulse wave is the physiological responses through the autonomic nervous system such as ECG. It is relatively convenient because it can measure the signal just by applying a sensor on a finger. So, it can be usefully employed in the field of U-Healthcare. The objects of this study are acquiring the PPG (Photoplethysmography) one of the way of measuring the pulse waves in non-invasive way using the CMOS image sensor on a smartphone camera, developing the portable system judging stressful or not, and confirming the applicability in the field of u-Healthcare. PPG was acquired by using image data from smartphone camera without separate sensors and analyzed. Also, with that image signal data, HRV (Heart Rate Variability) and stress index were offered users by just using smartphone without separate host equipment. In addition, the reliability and accuracy of acquired data were improved by developing additional hardware device. From these experiments, we can confirm that measuring heart rate through the PPG, and the stress index for analysis the stress degree using the image of a smartphone camera are possible. In this study, we used a smartphone camera, not commercialized product or standardized sensor, so it has low resolution than those of using commercialized external sensor. However, despite this disadvantage, it can be usefully employed as the u-Healthcare device because it can obtain the promising data by developing additional external device for improvement reliability of result and optimization algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.89-161
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• 2010

"Byun Jeung Rok(辨證錄)" is composed of 14 volumes. In relation to the contents, it is organized into 126 gates(門) and 700 remaining syndromes(餘證) where internal medicine, external medicine, pediatrics, gynecology(內科 外科 小兒 婦人), etc. are divided into sub-sections of cold damage, cold stroke, wind stroke(傷寒 中寒 中風), etc. For every syndrome, the symptom, cause of disease, method of treatment, prescription, construction of prescription, instruction of medicine and prognosis.(症狀 病因 治法 處方 處方構成 服用法 預後) were explained thoroughly. This study, as an inquiry of the second volume, deals with wind stroke(中風), impediment disease(痹證), heart pain(心痛), side pain(脇痛), headache(頭痛), abdominal pain(腹痛), lumbago(腰痛) It was written very logically so it is easy to understand. The analysis of the symptoms are brief and appropriate. Also, in the usage of the medicine, the sovereign, minister, assistant and courier(君臣佐使) method was used as the basis for the prescriptions. Therefore, it is considered to have significant clinical value for future generations and is thus being applied by them.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-34
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• 1994

This is a literature Study on ophthalmologic disease remedies of the four famous physicians in Jin Yuan period. The results were as follows: 1. Yu Wan So regarded the cause of ophthalmologic disease as the wind and heat(風熱), the blood deficiency(血少), or the deficiency of vital function and essence ,of the kidney(腎氣虛). For each treatment he used the method to remove wind and heat(除風散熱), the tranquillizing and tonifying method to nourish the heart and to relieve mental strain due to dificiency of vital essence(養血安神). the method to nourish Yin in the kidney(補腎水). The important nature of the these medicines is bitter and cold. 2. Jang Jong Jeung regarded the cause of ophthalmologic disease as the blood excess(血太過). or the blood deficiency(血不及). or the fire and heat(火熱). For each treatment he used the method to extract blood(出血療法). the method to nourish the liver and the kidney(補肝腎療法). or the method of vomiting and diarrhea(吐不法). The medicines are usuallly classified into external treatment medicines(外用藥). medicines to disintegrate mass(破積聚藥). purgating medicines(攻下藥). 3. Lee Dong Won regarded the cause of ophthalmologic disease as the spleen and the stomach weakness(脾胃虛弱), excessive fire in the heart(心火太盛). For each treatment he used the method to tranquillize the spleen and the stomach (調理脾胃). the tranquillizing and tonifying method to nourish the heart and to relieve mental strain due to deficiency of vital essence(養血安神). 4. Ju Dan Gye regarded the cause of ophthalmologic disease as the wind and heat(風熱). the blood deficiency(血少). the mental exhaustion(神勞). the kidney weakness(腎弱). For each treatment he used the method to remove wind and heat(除風散熱), the method to nourish blood and yin water(養血補水), the method to relieve mental strain and to remove spiritual heat(安腎瀉神火). the method to nourish yin water(養陰水). These drugs are usually classified into the medicines to remove endogenous heat(淸熱藥). the medicines to nourish yin(補陰藥).

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.152-158
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• 2015

Background: Acromioclavicular (AC) stability is maintained through a complex combination of soft-tissue restraints that include coracoclavicular (CC), AC ligament and overlying muscles. Among these structures, the role of the CC ligament has continued to be studied because of its importance on shoulder kinematics, especially after AC injury. This study was designed to determine the geometric change of conoid and trapezoid ligaments and resulting stresses on these ligaments according to various scapular motions. Methods: The scapuloclavicular (SC) complex was isolated from a fresh-frozen cadaver by removing all soft tissues except the AC and CC ligaments. The anatomically aligned SC complex was then scanned with a high-resolution computed tomography scanner into 0.6- mm slices. The Finite element model of the SC complex was obtained and used for calculating the stress on different parts of the CC ligaments with simulated movements of the scapula. Results: Average stress on the conoid ligament during anterior tilt, internal rotation, and scapular protraction was higher, whereas the stress on the trapezoid ligament was more prominent during posterior tilt, external rotation, and retraction. Conclusions: We conclude that CC ligament plays an integral role in regulating horizontal SC motion as well as complex motions indicated by increased stress over the ligament with an incremental scapular position change. The conoid ligament is the key structure restraining scapular protraction that might occur in high-grade AC dislocation. Hence in CC ligament reconstructions involving only single bundle, every attempt must be made to reconstruct conoid part of CC ligament as anatomically as possible.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.33B no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 1996

In this paper, a new biotelemetry system for a transcutaneous data communication between an implanted artificial heart with a control system and an external human-interfaced management system has been developed. A radio telemetry using radio frequency is a commonly used method in the conventional telemetry systems. But, it is not suitable for the medical applications because of not only an interference due to a radio broadcasting but also a harmfulness to the human body. In this paper, therefore, a new biotelemetry system applied to an artificial heart has been developed with the results of the recent research for an optical telemetry system based on the infrared light transmission with good skin permeability. The performance of the biotelemetry system developed has been assessed through mock circulatory experiments, and the clinical applicability has been also confirmed with the successful results in the animal experiments.