• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.381-385
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• 2005

Aeromonas hydrophilia infection was diagnosed in captive Jackass penguins (Spheniscus demersus). Seven Jackass penguins showed clinical signs including depression and anorexia with greenish vomiting, but four penguins were died although extensive treatment was carried out. At necropsy, the penguins appeared to have hemorrhage and catarrhal inflammation of the small and large intestines and severe enlargement of the right hepatic lobe, elongation of the gall bladder and pyloric ulceration of the stomach. The ovaries observed atrophy and congestion. Microscopically, there were congestion, fat droplet within the cytoplasm of the hepatic cell, infiltration of lymphocytes in the stomach, vilous detachment and destroyed glandular epithelium in the small and large intestines. Aeromonas hydrophilia was isolated from the liver and small intestines. This case is the first report of an occurrence of Aeromonas hydrophilia infection at Jackass penguins in Korea.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.197-200
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• 2024

Ethmoid myoepithelial carcinoma is a rare tumor, with only 14 cases reported to date. This report discusses the largest tumor of this type ever recorded in the ethmoid region. The tumor caused extensive damage to facial structures, complicating treatment. The patient's age and comorbidities increased the risk of intraoperative bleeding, presenting challenges to the complete removal of the tumor and the reconstruction of the damaged structures. To reduce the risk of intraoperative hemorrhage, shorten the surgery time, and manage potential heart-related complications, arterial embolization was performed using gelatin sponges and coils. Definitive surgery was then carried out using a skin flap and mucosal flap to successfully reconstruct the defect. Postoperative radiotherapy was deemed unnecessary. The patient recovered well, with a satisfactory aesthetic outcome. No recurrence was observed during a 3-year follow-up period.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.89-92
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• 2006

Penetrating facial wounds are uncommon and are usually life threatening because of the possibility of brain damage. There are three possible pathways for penetrating the cranium through the orbit: via the orbital roof, via the superior orbital fissure, or between the optic canal and lateral wall of the orbit. Brain injuries resulting from the penetrating wounds show extensive parenchymal damage, hemorrhage, and brain edema. Transorbital penetrating wounds can lead to diverse lesions of the optical apparatus, including the eye globe, the optical nerve, and the chiasm. Moreover, intracerebral structures may be hurt, and bleeding and infection may occur. Early diagnosis and prompt debridement are the fundamental factors affecting the outcome of a penetrating facial wound. An 87-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department with a grinder impacted into the medial aspect of the right eye. On presentation, the man was fully conscious with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15 and complained of a visual disturbance of the right eye. Computed tomography demonstrated a right orbital medial and inferior wall fracture, a frontal bone fracture, and a contusional hemorrhage in frontal lobe of the brain. A craniotomy with hematoma removal and repair of the orbital floor was done. He showed no neurological deficits except right visual loss. This appears to be the first report of a man with a penetrating facial wound caused by a grinder, who presented with a potentially disastrous craniocerebral injury that did not lead to any serious neurological seguelae.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.177-180
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• 2004

Lower motor neuron signs of hind limbs, anus and bladder were identified by history taking and physical examination in the 6.8 year-old mongrel dog and 2.6 year-old Cocker spaniel. The Cocker spaniel, also showed gradual cranial migration of neurologic deficit including respiratory paralysis. On plain radiography and myelography, intervertebral disc extrusion between L2 and L3, the infiltration of contrast medium into the spinal cord and cord swelling were found in the mongrel dog, and infiltration of contrast medium like hollowness of cord parenchyma was observed in the Cocker spaniel. On the basis of clinical signs and radiographic findings, they were diagnosed tentatively as acute myelomalacia. The Cocker spaniel died of respiratory paralysis on the following day. Decompressive surgery was performed on the mongrel dog and the extensive necrosis and hemorrhage were found at surgery. It was euthanized with the owner's consent because of the perceived poor prognosis. Histopathologic examination after autopsy confirmed acute diffuse hemorrhagic myelomalacia with the swelling and the inflammation of axon, showing hemorrhagic changes in the white matter and the grey matter.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.310-313
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• 2016

Intracranial tuberculous subdural empyema (ITSE) is extremely rare. To our knowledge, only four cases of microbiologically confirmed ITSE have been reported in the English literature to date. Most cases have arisen in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis regardless of trauma. A 46-year-old man presented to the emergency department after a fall. On arrival, he complained of pain in his head, face, chest and left arm. He was alert and oriented. An initial neurological examination was normal. Radiologic evaluation revealed multiple fractures of his skull, ribs, left scapula and radius. Though he had suffered extensive skull fractures of his cranium, maxilla, zygoma and orbital wall, the sustained cerebral contusion and hemorrhage were mild. Eighteen days later, he suddenly experienced a general tonic-clonic seizure. Radiologic evaluation revealed a subdural empyema in the left occipital area that was not present on admission. We performed a craniotomy, and the empyema was completely removed. Microbiological examination identified Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tuberculosis). After eighteen months of anti-tuberculous treatment, the empyema disappeared completely. This case demonstrates that tuberculosis can induce empyema in patients with skull fractures. Thus, we recommend that M. tuberculosis should be considered as the probable pathogen in cases with posttraumatic empyema.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.423-435
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• 1998

In acute pancreatitis group, all the dogs are showed increase of amylase and lipase after the 1st day of surgery, and amylase and lipase activity were significantly more increased than those of control group. The methemalbumin was increased significantly after the 2nd day of surgery in the acute pancreatitis group. In pancreatitis group, ultrasonographic findings included thickened duodenal wall and poorly circumscribed hyperechoic lesion of pancreatic mass after the 2nd day of surgery. And the lesion was exacerbated until the 4th day and reduced after the 6th day of surgery. To identify the lesion of pancreas, it is considered that transverse view is more useful Than sagittal view. Gross findings showed increase of pancreatic parenchymal consistency, surface nodule, and extensive pancreatic necrosis. Necrosis of peripancreatic fat tissue was also a prominent feature. The microscopic appearance of the pancreas was characterized by pancreatic acinar cell necrosis, hemorrhage, infiltration of the inflammatory cell and fat necrosis and saponification were also observed.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.73-76
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• 2020

Cranial implant removal is recommended if implants become exposed owing to scalp necrosis after cranioplasty. However, it carries the risk of extensive bleeding, and the resultant cranial defects can cause both aesthetic and functional problems. We present a case of a scalp defect exposing a cranial prosthetic implant that was reconstructed with a local flap and salvaged using an indwelling antibiotic irrigation system. A 73-year-old man presented with scalp necrosis after undergoing cranioplasty due to intracranial hemorrhage. The cranial implant was exposed through the scalp defect. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was detected in the culture from the open wound. After debridement of the necrotic tissue and burring of the superficial layer of the implant, a transposition flap was used to cover the defect and an indwelling antibiotic irrigation system was installed. Continuous irrigation with vancomycin was conducted for 5 days, and intravenous vancomycin was continued for 4 weeks. The flap was in good condition at 4 months postoperatively, with no infection. The convex contour of the scalp was well maintained. The patient's neurological status was stable. Exposed cranial implants can be salvaged with continuous antibiotic irrigation as an alternative to implant removal; thus, the risk of bleeding and possible disfigurement may be avoided.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.125-129
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• 2004

A 2-year-old, female, American cocker spaniel dog presented for a 1-year history of severe ascites, exercise intolerance, tachypnea. At that time, she was in an emergency state. First, the dog was stabilized with oxygen therapy. A diagnosis of cardiac problem was made from history, auscultation, radiograph, ECG, and echocardiography. Jugular pulsation was palpated and a harsh, systolic murmur of tricuspid regurgitation was prominent at the right cardiac apex. Tricuspid valve dysplasia (TVD) was confirmed with echocardiography, accompanying enormous myocardial hypertrophy. The clinical signs had been improved for 8 months with careful therapy and periodic abdominocentesis, and ascites was well controlled. The situation, however, became worse quickly in a week because the client did not follow our management schedule. Finally, she died due to dyspnea and shock. After the spontaneous death, necropsy and histopathological examination were performed and when we opened the thorax, a significantly large heart was observed. On histopathological findings, grossly myocardium appeared pale initially, then progressed to yellow and white. Microscopically, there was an extensive hemorrhage along with loss of myocardial striations. Interstitial fibrosis and various degenerative alterations in myocytes were also present.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.51-82
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• 2005

To compare the pulmonary toxicity between ultrafine colloidal silica particles (UFCSs) and fine colloidal silica particles (FCSs), mice were intratracheally instilled with 3 mg of 14-nm UFCSs and 230-nm FCSs and pathologically examined from 30 mill to 24 hr post-exposure. Histopathologically, lungs exposed to both sizes of particles showed bronchiolar degeneration and necrosis, neutrophilic inflammation in alveoli with alveolar type II cell proliferation and particle-laden alveolar macrophage accumulation. UFCSs, however, induced extensive alveolar hemorrhage compared to FCSs from 30 min onwards. UFCSs also caused more severe bronchiolar epithelial cell necrosis and neutrophil influx in alveoli than FCSs at 12 and 24 hr post-exposure. Laminin positive immunolabellings in basement membranes of bronchioles and alveoli of UFCSs treated animals was weaker than those of FCSs treated animals in all observation times. Electron microscopy demonstrated UFCSs and FCSs on bronchiolar and alveolar wall surface as well as in the cytoplasm of alveolar epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages and neutrophils. Type I alveolar epithelial cell erosion with basement membrane damage in UFCSs treated animals was more severe than those in FCSs treated animals. At 12 and 24 hr post-exposure, bronchiolar epithelia cells in UFCSs treated animals showed more intense vacuolation and necrosis compared to FCSs treated animals. These findings suggest that UFCSs has greater ability to induce lung inflammation and tissue damages than FCSs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.119-122
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• 2019

The prevailing discipline notes that primary pulmonary angiosarcoma is an extremely rare malignant tumor with almost grave prognosis when presented in a dog. No cases have been reported earlier as occurring in dogs. This is the first time we are reporting a case of primary lung angiosarcoma in a 12-year-old Yorkshire terrier breed dog, that will explore the clinical as well as histopathological features of the tumor as noted in a dog. In this case, radiography revealed a well-defined large soft tissue mass in the caudo-dorsal lung field across the left hemi-thorax. After necropsy, it is noted that the lung was found to have the blood-filled nodular lesions on its surface, as determined with no such lesions on other organs. Upon the histological examination, it showed the presence of an extensive necrotic hemorrhage with anastomosing vascular space. Later, the immunohistochemistry showed strongly positive CD31 cells confirming the endothelial origin of the tumor. This is the first report of canine primary lung angiosarcoma in the Republic of Korea.