• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.21-30
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of lumbar vertebrae mobilization and lumbar stabilizing exercises on the muscle strength. Methods: The subject were sixty healthy adult(30 females. 30 males) two decade from 21 to 35. All subjects randomly assigned the control group, lumbar vertebrae mobilization group, lumbar stabilizing exercises group. lumbar stabilizing exercises group received lumbar stabilizing exercises for 30 minutes, lumbar vertbrae mobilization group received lumbar vertbrae mobilization for 4-5 minutes per day and three times a week during 3 weeks period. BIODEX was used to measure muscle strength. All measurements of each subjects were measured at pre-experiment, after 10 day, and post-experiment. Results: The results of this study were summarized as follows; 1. The flexion strength test of control group, lumbar vertebrae mobilization group, lumbar stabilizing exercises group were no significantly differences at pre-experiment and after 10 days(p> .05), however significantly increased post-experiment(p <.05). The result of analyzed effects of flexion strength test was significantly increased accordining to experiment type(p <.05). 2. The extension strength test of control group, lumbar vertebrae mobilization group, lumbar stabilizing exercises group were no significantly differences at pre-experiment and after 10 days(p> .05), however significantly increased post-experiment(p <.05). The result of analyzed effects of extension strength test was significantly increased accordining to experiment type(p <.05). Conclusion: conclusionally these data suggest that a 3-week lumbar stabilizing exercises improved muscle strength. Additional randomized controlled trials to more fully investigate trement effects and factors that may mediate these effect are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.35-45
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine spiral way movement of a trunk exerts on the movement ability. The details established to achieve for this article. This examination confirmed the weight, weight/height2 index, ratio of lumbar to pelvic, musculoskeletal quantity, push up for 2 minute, pitch a ball and voluntary isometric contraction with flexion and extension of knee joint of the subjects with spiral direct movement. Healthy eighteen subjects who understand fully the significance of procedure, consented to a plan, without neuromuscular disease were participated in two groups of experiment. The group were a spiral movement(9), rectilinear movement(9). Trunk movement tested 2 sessions of a spiral movement and rectilinear movement with a push up for 2 minute, 5days per a week, for the 4 weeks. This experiment tested 3 times with a sufficient rest for fatigue limitation. An analysis of the results used a paired samples t-test for difference from before and after experiment. The following results were obtained; At an internal change of the body, the musculoskeletal quantity was increased significantly to spiral movement group, but the weight was increased significantly, the musculoskeletal quantity was not significant to rectilinear movement. The movement ability evaluation for a external change was increased significantly in a push up for 2 minute, pitch a ball, isometric contraction with extension of knee joint of a spiral movement group, but a push up for 2 minute was increased significantly in a push up for 2 minute on the abdominal muscle training of a rectilinear movement group. As compared with a rectilinear movement, a spiral movement was more effect by cooperation with nerve and musculoskeletal system and an increase in movement ability was caused by learning acknowledgment, muscular reeducation. These results lead us to the conclusion that a spiral movement of trunk was more effect than a rectilinear movement, the coordination of nerve and musculoskeletal system was of importance of Multi-direction movement. Therefore, A further studies concerning the therapeutic exercise intervention and active-dynamic analysis could enhance the development of the most effect on the trunk.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 1997

Knowledge and attitudes on current selection of fats and oils were surveyed among college students and USDA extension off campus faculties. The objective of this survey was to obtain information about the nutrition knowledge and attitudes toward fats and to assess relationships between the nutrition knowledge, general attitudes toward dietary fats, and specific attitudes toward the eating of certain foods. The attitudes toward and nutrition knowledge of dietary fat sections consisted of 22 and 39 statements respectively. Avoiding red meat and eggs and avoiding fats as a flavoring were attitudes whose maintenance may require special, long-term intervention strategies. Replacing high-fat foods with low-fat foods, modification(cutting fat off any meat) and substitution were easily adopted and maintained low-fat habit. The responses to wanting to lose some weight and feeling better if increasing exercise were favorable. The attitudes toward the possible relationships between fat consumption and health were favorable. Respondents on the nutrition knowledge test attained a mean score of 129.69 and a median score of 127 our of the highest possible score of 200. Extension off campus faculties, nutrition majoring/majored subjects, and over 41-year-olds tended to have more favorable general attitudes and specific attitudes toward the consumption of certain foods and higher knowledge. Senior students had more negative general attitudes and specific attitudes, and college graduates and graduate students had more nutrition knowledge. Nutrition know-ledge was related to general attitudes toward dietary fats, but not to more specific attitudes toward the eating of certain foods. Nutrition education will not be effective in modifying the intake of dietary fats in the population because nutrition knowledge related to general attitudes toward dietary fats and general nutrition practice but not the eating of certain foods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.111-119
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• 2020

PURPOSE: In adults with hamstring tightness, stretching is considered a therapeutic exercise that improves flexibility. However, previous studies have reported efficacy of numerous methods, and are inconclusive in determining the most effective stretching techniques. This study aims to compare the outcomes of Evjenth-Hamberg stretching (E-HS), proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching (PNFS), and static stretching (SS), on muscle tone and flexibility. METHODS: A total of 30 subjects were assigned to each of the three stretching groups:; E-HS (n₁ = 10), PNFS (n₂ = 10), and SS (n₃ = 10). Muscle tone of the hamstring muscle, active knee extension (AKE), and passive knee extension (PKE) were assessed by range of motion. RESULTS: After the intervention, statistically significant differences were obtained between groups for muscle tone (p < .05). The post hoc test, showed statistically significant differences in muscle tone between the E-HS and PNFS groups (p < .05), and PNFS and SS groups (p < .05). Post hoc test after intervention, also revealed statistically significant differences in flexibility (p < .05) between the E-HS and PNFS groups (p < .05), E-HS and SS groups (p < .05), and PNFS and SS groups (p < .05). Moreover, a statistically significant difference was observed in PKE scores between the E-HS and SS groups (p < .05), and PNFS and SS groups (p < .05). CONCLUSION: This study indicates that E-HS may be the most effective stretching technique for muscle tone and flexibility, in adults with hamstring tightness.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.62-70
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to use as a basic data to develop suitable nursing intervention program and decide an appropriate intervention time after assessing shoulder range of motion in postmastectomy from 2 weeks to 3 month. 147 patients are chosen as study subject among patients who were in recovery of 2weeks, 1month, 2months and 3 months after surgical operation which is modified radical mastectomy. Data were collected at oncology medicine local and general surgery local in Seoul National University Hospital from May, 2003 to October, 2003. The range of motion of the shoulder(flexion, extension, abduction, internal rotation, external rotation) were examined. Analysis of data that shoulder range of motion average and standard deviation, percentage of the unaffected side and affected side compare with normal shoulder range of motion. Paired t-test was adopted to analyze the difference between affected side and unaffected side. Conclusion from this study is as following, 1. The most serious problem was external rotation (0.56%) and internal rotation is the next (19.9%) in 5 kinds of shoulder range of motion in 2 weeks after surgical operation 2. There was no difference in internal rotation after post operation 3 months but there were differences and shown to recover more than 90% in flexion and abduction. Also shoulder function incresed in flextion less than 80% and more than 80% in external rotation. As this study finding was shown that shoulder range of motion did not get back perfectly except of internal rotation and extension in point of 3 months after breast cancer surgical operation. External rotation was specially shown the lowest result so it is needed to exercise for improving their physical functioning recovery in postmastectomy patients. And it is suggested to study for helping to postmastectomy patients' physical and psycosocial functions with the early rehabilitation program which is based on these results.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2015

Background: This study was conducted in order to see if muscle strength is different according to fall experience in female elders by comparing their muscle strength of waist and knee, which is one of factors inducing fall. Method: For this study, 22 female elders aged over 65 sampled from senior centers in D City were surveyed on their fall experiences using a questionnaire asking clinical history. Then, 8 elders with fall experience (FE) and another 8 without (NFE) were selected and participated in the research. Isokinetic muscle strength was measured with isokinetic equipment BIODEX SYSTEM 3 PRO, and the peak torque was obtained from the highest of 9 measurements at angular velocity $60^{\circ}/sec$ according to the method recommended in the manual. Measured items were waist flexion and extension, and knee flexion and extension. Results: The FE group showed higher extensor and flexor muscle strength of the waist, but the difference was not significant (p<.05). In addition, no difference was observed in extensor muscle strength of the knee (p<.05). In flexor muscle strength, however, the FE group was significantly higher than the NFE group (p<.05). Conclusion: The application of regular exercise programs for improving muscle strength, endurance, etc. to those with fall experience will be effective in preventing falls among them.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.361-367
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• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare three-dimensional kinematic changes of the lower extremity between the two different braking distances during snowplow in alpine skiing. Method: Six alpine ski instructors (age: $25.3{\pm}1.5yr$, height: $169.3{\pm}2.9cm$, weight: $66.2{\pm}5.9kg$, career: $4.2{\pm}2.9yr$) participated in this study. Each skier was asked to perform snowplow on the two different braking distances (2 and 4 m). Results: Snowplow and edging angles (p = .006 and p = .005), ankle adduction and inversion (p = .033 and p = .002), knee extension (p = .003), and hip abduction and internal rotation (p = .043 and p = .006) were significantly greater in the 2 m than in the 4 m braking distance. Conclusion: Based on our results, we suggest that skiers should make greater snowplow and edging angles on the shorter braking distance. In this situation, ankle joint adduction/inversion angle and hip joint internal-rotation make greater snowplow angle, and hip joint abduction make greater edging angle. In addition, greater knee joint extension angle may lead to more posteriorly positioned center of mass.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.297-307
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• 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze kinetic variables between thermotherapy and dynamic warm-up during drop-landing. Method: Twenty male healthy subjects (Age: 21.85 ± 1.90 years, Height: 1.81 ± 0.06 cm, Weight: 68.5 ± 7.06 kg) underwent three treatments applied on the thermotherapy of femoral muscles and a dynamic warm-up. The thermotherapy was performed for 15 minutes while sitting in a chair using an electric heating pad equipped with a temperature control device. Dynamic warm-up performed 14 exercise, a non-treatment was sitting in a chair for 15 minutes. Core temperature measurements of all subjects were performed before landing at a height of 50 cm. During drop-landing, core temperature, joint angle, moment, work of the sagittal plane was collected and analyzed. All analyses were performed with SPSS 21.0 and for repeated measured ANOVA and Post-hoc was Bonferroni. Results: Results indicated that Thermotherapy was increased temperature than other treatments (p = .000). During drop-landing, hip joint of dynamic warm-up was slower for angular velocity (p < .005), and left ankle joint was fastest than other treatments (p = .004). Maximum joint moment of dynamic warm-up was smaller for three joints (hip extension: p = .000; knee flexion/extension: p = .001/.000; ankle plantarflexion: p = .000). Negative work of dynamic warm-up was smaller than other treatments (p = .000). Conclusion: In conclusion, the thermotherapy in the local area doesn't affect the eccentric contraction of the thigh. The dynamic warm-up treatment minimized the joint moment and negative work of the lower joint during an eccentric contraction, it was confirmed that more active movement was performed than other treatment methods.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.12-17
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• 2022

Purpose: Ankle dorsiflexion is an essential element of normal functions, including walking, activities of daily living and sport activities. The tibialis anterior (TA) muscle functioned as a dorsiflexor and as a dynamic stabilizer of the ankle joint during walking and jumping. This study aimed to compare TA muscle thickness using ultrasonography according to the four different toe and ankle postures for the selective TA strengthening exercise. Methods: This study were recruited 26 (males: 15, females: 11) aged 20-30 years, with no injury ankle and calf in the medical history, had normal dorsiflexion and inversion range of motion (ROM). The thickness of the TA muscle was measured by ultrasonography in the four different toe and ankle postures: 1. Ankle dorsiflexion with all toe extension and ankle inversion (ITEDF); 2. Ankle dorsiflexion with all toe flexion and ankle inversion (ITFDF); 3. Ankle dorsiflexion with all toe extension and neutral position (NTEDF); 4. Ankle dorsiflexion with all toe flexion and neutral position (NTFDF). One-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni correction were used to confirm the significant difference among conditions. The level of statistical significance was set at α=0.01. Results: TA muscle thickness with ITFDF was significantly greater than in any other ankle positions, including ITEDF, NTFDF, and NTEDF (p<0.01). Conclusion: Among the four toe and ankle postures, isometric contraction in ITFDF postures showed the greatest increase in thickness of TA rather than ITEDF, NTEDF, and NTFDF postures. Based on these results, ITFDF can be recommended in an efficient way to selectively strengthen TA muscle.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.309-317
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• 2023

Purpose: This study set out to investigate the effects of prone hip extension with knee flexion (PHEKF) exercises according to external load on the thickness of the gluteus maximus (Gmax) and biceps femoris (BF). Methods: Twenty-three healthy men participated in this study. All subjects randomly practiced PHEKF under the burden of external loads created by sandbags (0 kg, 1 kg, and 2 kg). Rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) was used to measure the thickness of the Gmax and BF during the PHEKF with different external loads. Results: The thickness of the Gmax was highest during the 2 kg resistance exercise and lowest at 0 kg. The thickness of the Gmax was significantly increased at 1 kg and 2 kg compared to 0 kg and significantly increased at from 1 kg to 2 kg (p < 0.05). The thickness of the biceps femoris was highest at 0 kg and lowest at 2 kg. The thickness of the biceps femoris muscle was significantly reduced at 1 kg and 2 kg compared to 0 kg (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between 1 kg and 2 kg (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The thickness of the Gmax was increased by applying PHEKF with a higher external load, whereas the muscle thickness of the biceps femoris decreased. These results suggest that the application of external loads during PHEKF exercises may be an effective method for selective strengthening of the Gmax.