• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.69-83
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is searching for technical merits and demerits of each weight lifting player through qualitative motion analysis system. Moreover, It is also analysis the repeating the establishment of exercise purpose and studying for the effect of the field adaptation. The subject of this study was five male weight lifting players who have been engaged in Korean Delegation Team. The institution of exercise target was made through two times qualitative analysis and the result of studying for the effect of the field adaptation was produced before offering feedback. Moreover, two time analysis added after offering feedback. All analysis was based on 2-D visual analysis. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Maximal barbell moving speed in starting phase was decreased after offering feedback. This result implies advancement of technical skills after offering feedback. 2. From starting posture to 앉아받기, forward and backward moving distance of hip joint was decreased after offering feedback in all subjects. This result represents advancement of technical skills after offering feedback. 3. In terms of pull phase, forward and backward moving distance of hip and shoulder joint was decreased after offering feedback in all subjects. This result represents advancement of technical skills after offering feedback. 4. In terms of pull phase, the difference of horizontal value of coordinates was decreased after offering feedback in all subjects. This result represents advancement of technical skills after offering feedback. 5. In terms of pull phase, the motion range of hip joint was decreased after offering feedback in three of five subjects and this represents advancement of technical skills after offering feedback. However, the rest of them were not variable or narrow decreasing. This result represents that feedback system could not brought tremendous effects. 6. From apex point of barbell to 앉아받기, the difference of barbell height was decreased after offering feedback in three of five subjects and this represents advancement of technical skills after offering feedback. However, the rest of them weren't variable or narrow increasing. This result represents that feedback system could not brought tremendous effects. 7. In terms of last-pull phase, the angular velocity of knee joint was increased after offering feedback in four of five subjects and this represents advancement of technical skills after offering feedback. However, the rest of them, only one subject, decreased. This result represents that feedback system could not brought tremendous effects. 8. In terms of last-pull, the conversional tendency of maximal extension to flextion came out all but simultaneously without offering feedback in four of five subjects. This is well-performed technique. Only one subject, however, could not use power effectively because the fact that his maximal extension came out in serial, from ankle to knee and waist means dispersion of power. In addition to, after offering feedback, only one subject made increasing the maximal extension of knee in last-pull and this result represents advancement of skills after offering feedback. However, the rest of them could not make meaningful development after offering feedback. 9. It might be assumed that searching for technical merits and demerits of each weight lifting player through qualitative motion analysis system could improve player's skill.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.105-115
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the mechanical characteristics of lower extremity joint movements at different walking speeds in obese people and suggest the very suitable exercise for obese person's own body weight and basic data for clinical application leading to medical treatment of obesity. This experimental subjects are all males between the ages of 20 and 30, who are classified into two groups according to Body Mass Index(BMI): one group is 15 people with normal body weight and the other 15 obese people. Walking speed is analysed at 3 different speeds ($1.5^m/s$, $1.8^m/s$, $2.1^m/s$) which is increased by $0.3^m/s$ from the standard speed of $1.5^m/s$. We calculated joint moments of lower extremity during stance phase through video recording and platform force measurement.Two-way ANOVA(Analysis of Variance, Mix) is applied to get the difference of moments according to walking speeds between normal and obese groups. Pearson's Correlation Analysis is applied to look into correlation between walking speeds and joint moments in both groups. Significance level of each experiment is set as ${\alpha}=.05$. As walking speed increases maximum ankle plantar flexion moment in the stance phase is smaller in obese group than in normal group, which is suggestive of weak toe push-off during terminal stance in obese group, and the highest maximum ankle plantar flexion moment in obese group during the middle speed walking($1.8^m/s.$). Maximum ankle dorsal flexion moment in obese group is relatively higher than in normal group and this is regarded as a kind of compensatory mechanism to decrease the impact on ankle when heel contacts the floor. Maximum knee flexion and extension moments are both higher in normal group with an increase tendency proportional to walking speed and maximum hip flexion and extension moments higher in obese group. In summary, maximum ankle plantar flexion moment between groups(p<.025), maximum knee moment not in flexion but in extension(p<.001) within each group according to increasing walking speed, and maximum hip flexion and extension moment(p<.001 and p<.004, respectively according to increasing walking speed are statistically significant but knee and hip moments between groups are not. Pearson correlation are different: high correlation coefficients in maximum knee flexion and extension moments, in maximum hip extension moment but not hip flexion, and in maximum ankle dorsal flexion moment but not ankle plantar flexion, in each group. We suspect that equilibrium imbalance develops when the subject increases walking speed and the time is around which he takes his foot off the floor.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.45-51
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• 2008

Purpose: We evaluated the physical stress and pain to the musculoskeletal system of a dental practitioner when engaging in a dental scaling training exercise to prevent the development of musculoskeletal injuries. Methods: The 18 female (average age: 21$\pm$1 years) subjects were voluntarily picked from a group of juniors who have completed a one-and-a-half year training course that includes training exercises on the dentiform and on live subjects (other trainees). The test is done by measuring pain, activity, grip strength, and finger dexterity for each subject's hand and wrist. Before the test all subjects were confirmed to be right-handed and were informed of the study and its objective. Measuring was done before and after each subject performed dental scaling for one hour using the scaler and the curet. Results: Pain levels increased for both hand and shoulders, but hand pain was often greater than shoulder pain. Grip strength significantly declined in the right hand but not the left. For joint mobility, the flexion and the extension for the shoulder joint did not change; but the range of motion for both wrist joints significantly increased. For the dexterity test, both hands showed increased dexterity after the exercise. Conclusion: Dental scaling can affect the shoulders and wrists/hands. Therefore, a musculoskeletal injury prevention program for dental practitioners, which may include encouraging them to assume correct body posture when at work, must be sought. This study evaluated only the shoulders, wrists, and hands; but future studies should include areas such as the cervical area, the back, and the lower limbs.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.51-60
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• 2012

This study aimed to determine the usefulness of classifying patients with neck pain on the basis of the results of passive scapular elevation test. We classified 21 patients with neck pain into positive (n=12) and negative (n=9) groups on the basis of passive scapular elevation test; the 2 groups then equally performed scapular stabilization exercise program for 30 min, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks. Visual analogue scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI), and range of motion (ROM) were recorded both before and after the intervention for both groups. Paired t-test was used to determine that there were significant changes between before and after the intervention, and independent t-test was used for analyzing changes between two groups of dependent variables. After 4 weeks of training, we observed significant decrease in pain and disability (p<.05) and a significant increase in rotation, flexion, extension, and side-bending ROM (p<.05) in both groups. Further, between pre- and post-intervention evaluations, we observed a significant decrease in pain and disability and a significant increase in rotation and flexion ROM in the positive group than in the negative group (p<.05). These results indicate that passive scapular elevation test may be used to identify mechanical disorders of the cervicoscapular muscle in patients with neck pain. Therefore, we recommend the use of passive scapular elevation test to determine appropriate treatment intervention when treating patients with neck pain.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.19-27
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study examined which stretching exercise had the most positive effect on increasing the range of motion (ROM) of the knee joint in healthy people and whether there was a difference between continuous stretching and intermittent stretching. METHODS: This study included 30 healthy university students from OOO University. The subjects were asked to sit on a mat and perform hamstring-stretching exercise during which the ROM and muscle tone were measured with pre and post-tests. Each subject was assigned randomly to a continuous stretching group (stretching without relaxation time group, n=10, G1) or intermittent stretching group (stretching with 10s relaxing time group, n=10, G2; and stretching with 20s relaxing time group, n=10, G3). The participants conducted hamstring stretching exercises with a sit-and-reach box at three different rest times (0s, 10s, and 20s). Subsequently, they underwent passive knee extension (PKE) tests, in which the ROM of the knee joint was measured with a goniometer, and the muscle tone was evaluated using a MyotonPro. RESULTS: Significant differences in muscle tone, stiffness, and ROM were observed between pre-test and post-test in each groups (p<.05). Although the post hoc tests indicated no significant differences in muscle tone and ROM between the continuous stretching group and intermittent stretching group (p>.05), the rate of change of the ROM showed that the intermittent stretching group developed more effective maintenance of the hamstring flexibility. CONCLUSION: No significant differences in the muscle tone of the hamstring and ROM of the knee joint were observed according to the hamstring stretching exercises with three different rest times. On the other hand, the rate of change of the ROM showed that intermittent stretching maintained the hamstring flexibility more effectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.396-403
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• 2020

This study evaluated the effect of self thoracic mobilization exercise (STME) on shoulder pain, disability and shoulder function in patients with shoulder dysfunction. Thirty-two patients with shoulder dysfunction were randomly assigned to the STME group and the control group. The visual analog scale, shoulder dysfunction, and shoulder range of motion were evaluated before and after intervention. Sixteen STME intervention patients used a foam roller and quadripedal position flexion and extension. Sixteen controls received placebo effects using electrotherapy pads. The two groups performed 20 minutes for three times per week for four weeks. The STME group showed significant improvement in pain and dysfunction compared to that of the control group (p <0.05), and their range of motion of the shoulder was significantly improved in flextion, abduction, and external rotation compared to that of the placebo group (p <0.05). Therefore, STME is effective in resolving shoulder pain and dysfunction, and will be able to educate patients with shoulder pain in an easier approach and mediate social treatment costs.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.278-294
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• 1999

The PACE (People nth Arthritis Can Exercise) is an exercise program developed by the Arthritis Foundation to improve muscle strength and joint flexibility for patients with arthritis. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of PACE program on self-efficacy, pain, and joint function in the Korean immigrant elderly. The PACE program was held twice a week for 6 weeks for Korean immigrant elderly who had osteoarthritis. Twenty four subjects completed the program, who were recruited in two places : 10 elderly in a senior residential apartment, and 14 elderly in a senior center supported by Congregated Meal Program for Korean Elderly. Self-efficacy(Sherer et al., 1982), pain severity(by using Visual Analogue Scale), and number of painful joints were measured before and after the PACE program. To examine the joint flexibility and strengthening, the followings were measured : the extent of the upward arm reach in both sides(flexibility of shoulder), the ability to touch fingertips of the both hands in back pat and rub(flexibility of arm), the degree of range of motion(ROM) of both ankles in their dorsiflexion(flexibility of ankle) and plantarflexion with standing with toe(strengthening of ankle), and the degree of knee extension. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for data analysis and the significance of the differences in the variables was examined to compare the data obtained before and after the PACE program. After the PACE, followings were found : 1. Self-efficacy was significantly increased. 2. Pain severity and number of painful Joints was significantly decreased. 3. The flexibility of both shoulders and arms were significantly improved, but the flexibility of knee was not changed. 4. The flexibility and strengthening of both ankle was significantly improved. In conclusion, PACE was clearly proved to be an effective exercise program to promote self-efficacy, to reduce pain, and to enhance joint function in the elderly with osteoarthritis. It is suggested that the PACE program should be recommended as one of the useful and appropriate nursing interventions for elderly with osteoarthritis.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.120-124
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• 2016

Objective: Chronic lateral epicondylitis is a condition which becomes sore and tender on the lateral side of the elbow joint damaged from overuse and repetitive use of the extensor muscles of the forearm. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of flexion degrees in the elbow joint on extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis and biceps brachii muscles in individuals with healthy young adults. The main purpose of this study was to suggest the feasibility of optimal elbow angle during therapeutic eccentric exercise with resistance for strengthening of wrist extensors. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Thirty health young adults (male 15, female 15) participated in this study. This study measured muscle activation in four different conditions of elbow flexion, $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, and $90^{\circ}$ during eccentric exercise with weight loading in wrist extensors, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis and biceps brachii muscles using surface electromyography. Results: The muscle activation of extensor carpi radialis showed a negative relationship with the degrees of elbow joint flexion. With increasing elbow flexion angles, the ECRL muscle activation amount was significantly lower (p<0.05). In contrast, the muscle activation of the ECRB muscle activation amount was significanlty higher (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study suggests that the eccentric exercise of wrist extension with selected activation of wrist extensor muscles according to elbow flexion positions, and suggests that the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis will need to be strengthened for preventing and treating chronic lateral epicondylitis regardless of degrees of elbow joint flexion.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of backrests of varying degrees ($90^{\circ}$, $100^{\circ}$, $110^{\circ}$) on three abdominal muscles (upper rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique) and back extensor activation during lower extremity exercise. The three different conditions during bilateral knee extention exercise were: (1) leaning on a chair with a $90^{\circ}$ backrest, (2) leaning on a chair with a $100^{\circ}$ backrest, (3) leaning on a chair with a $110^{\circ}$ backrest. Fifteen healthy muscle subjects (mean age=24.2 years [SD=2.96], mean height=175.6 cm [SD=7.46], mean weight=69.1 kg [SD=7.36]) with no history of neuromusculoskeletal disease voluntarily participated in this study. Electromyography was used to collect muscle activation, and the muscle activation was expressed as a percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC). Repeated one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the statistical significance. The results were as follows: (1) upper rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique activation measured significantly lower. (2) measured significantly lower when lower degree.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.323-330
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• 2002

This study purposes at applying knee joint taping to preventing muscle fatigue. Twenty six subjects between the ages of 20s and 30s were randomly sampled among healthy males, with an average age of 26yr(range, 22 to 31yr). None of the subjects had a recent or remote history of significant lower extremity injury, No subjects had a history of central nervous system equilibrium problems. To develop muscle fatigue, Isokinetic exercise, which is a repetition of flexion and extension knee joint to $180^{\circ}$/sec, was performed 50 times per person. During the exercise, change of proprioception were measured by applying taping on both knee joints. Analysis has carried out by means of one-way ANOVA with repeated measures and independent t-test at the significance level of $\alpha$=0.05 to detect statistic significance. The results of this study were as follows: First, it was found that the generation of lower extremity muscle fatigue significant affects on proprioception (p < 0.05). Second, the application of taping to knee joint after the generation of lower extremity muscle fatigue significant affect proprioception (p < 0.05). Third, while continual exercise after the generation of muscle fatigue, taping group was significant differences in proprioceptive loss than non-taping group(p < 0.05).