• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

Background: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is a herbal medicine used in Asian countries and is very popular for its beneficial biological properties. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications are rapidly becoming a global public health concern. The literature on transcriptional changes induced by KRG in rat models of diabetic retinopathy is limited. Considering these facts, we designed this study to determine whether retinopathy-associated genes are altered in retinas of rats with DM and whether the induced changes are reversed by KRG. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were intravenously injected with streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight) to induce DM, following which, KRG powder (200 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered to the KRG-treated DM rat group for 10 wks. The rats were then sacrificed, and their retinas were harvested for total RNA extraction. Microarray gene expression profiling was performed on the extracted RNA samples. Results: From among > 31,000 genes investigated, the expression of 268 genes was observed to be upregulated and that of 58 genes was downregulated, with twofold altered expression levels in the DM group compared with those in the control group. Moreover, 39 genes were upregulated more than twofold and 84 genes were downregulated in the KRG-treated group compared to the DM group. The expression of the genes was significantly reversed by KRG treatment; some of these genes were analyzed further to verify the results of the microarray experiments. Conclusion: Taken together, our data suggest that reversed changes in the gene expression may mediate alleviating activities of KRG in rats with diabetic retinopathy.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate anti-obesity effect of Galgeuntang (gegentang) and elucidate the effect of it on gene expression related to obesity. Methods The experiments were performed with the use of Diet-Induced Obese mice. They were grouped NC (normal control), HFD (high fat diet control), GGT (Galgeun-tang (gegentang), 700 mg/kg), ORL (Orlistat, 10 mg/kg). GGT was orally administered for 12 weeks. Body weight was measured every week. Real-time PCR was performed to investigate the effect of GGT on gene expression in liver tissue. Results GGT group and ORL group were reduced in body weight compared with HFD. HFD increased $PPAR{\gamma}$, SREBP-1, Leptin, aP2, FATP1, FAS gene expression compared with NC. GGT increased FATP1 gene expression. But GGT reduced $PPAR{\gamma}$ & FAS gene expression in liver tissue of diet-induced obese mice compared with HFD. Conclusions These results suggest that GGT is supposed to have a certain impact on the treatment of obesity. But more study is needed in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.49-67
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the effects of Hwanggimacmundong-tang extract (HM) on obese rats with estrogen deficiency. Methods: The experiments were performed with ovariectomized rats as estrogen-deficient obesity model. Rats were grouped NC (Normal Control Group; sham operation group), OC (Obesity Control Group; estrogen-deficient group), HML (20 mg/kg/day), HMH (100 mg/kg/day). HM was administered orally for six weeks. Body weights and serum lipid level were measured, and real-time PCR was performed to estimate the effect of HM on gene expression in liver. Results: HM decreased the total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum. And HM increased leptin, CPT1 gene expression in liver tissue of obese rats with estrogen deficiency. However HM decreased $PPAR{\gamma}$, $PGC-1{\alpha}$, HMGCR, CYP8B1, LPL, ACAT1, ACAT2, ApoB, ACOX gene expression in liver tissue of obese rats with estrogen deficiency. Conclusions: It is concluded that HM reduced total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum, and regulate gene expression related to lipid metabolism. These results indicate Hwanggimacmundong-tang that might have potential for treatment of obesity and complications during the menopause caused by estrogen-deficiency.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1142-1155
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of playful aspects through the research into characteristics and playful expressional tendency that are expressed in the contemporary fashion illustration. This study covered from 1995, the beginning point of play trend spreading, to 2006 and the fashion magazines, illustrator's collections, and about 1800 pieces of work which have been revealed on the internet web site were collected. At the next stage, 443 pieces of work were selected by researcher for a questionnaire. As a result of the questionnaire, ultimately frequency was more than n=5, so it examined playful expression characteristics, the methods and the effects of the modern fashion illustration based on 335 pieces of work(75.6% of total sample) which were selected by the majority of expert group. It showed the biggest part of playful expression tendency in the modern fashion illustration was 'simplification', and second one was 'exaggeration'. 'Immature expression' and 'fantastic expression' which are included in kidult expression were next. Hopefully, this study would be helpful for creative expression of the fashion illustration which is fit for spreading play trend in modern society.

• BMB Reports
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2018

Chromatin is an intelligent building block that can express either external or internal needs through structural changes. To date, three methods to change chromatin structure and regulate gene expression have been well-documented: histone modification, histone exchange, and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling. Recently, a growing body of literature has suggested that histone tail cleavage is related to various cellular processes including stem cell differentiation, osteoclast differentiation, granulocyte differentiation, mammary gland differentiation, viral infection, aging, and yeast sporulation. Although the underlying mechanisms suggesting how histone cleavage affects gene expression in view of chromatin structure are only beginning to be understood, it is clear that this process is a novel transcriptional epigenetic mechanism involving chromatin dynamics. In this review, we describe the functional properties of the known histone tail cleavage with its proteolytic enzymes, discuss how histone cleavage impacts gene expression, and present future directions for this area of study.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.23-40
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to explore the aesthetic characteristics of outerization phenomenon of contemporary fashion. Outerization, transforming underwear as outerwear, is one of the most dominant and widespread fashion trends in the dawning of new millenium. Fashion always exists for living body and tributes to express idealized beauty of human body and aesthetics of the era. If so, exploring the formative expressions and aesthetic characteristics of outerization would be an meaningful guideline to deduce changed relationship between fashion and body of the 21st century. The methodology of this study is to research of fashion collections such as Paris, Milan and New York which were held the first decade of new millenium, from 2000 Spring/Summer to 2009 Spring/Summer. The styles expressing outerization were selected and assorted based on the main formative expression. Then the aesthetic characteristics were classified. The way of expression of outerization is categorized into 4 parts ; Transition, Exposure, Transparency, and Deconstruction. Aesthetic Characters of outerization is classified 4 assortments as well ; Eroticism, Fun with parody and kitch, cyber culture, Gender politics, and Power fetish. Eroticism is the most clearly identified one. Coming out of underwear imply naked body itself, so it has erotic appeal. Fun is the second character. A pleasant sensation from the outerization of undergarments maximizes a disposition of play from parody, kitch, and cyber culture. The third is Gender Politics and it introspects how the society consumes woman body in history and modern times. Power Fetish, the last one, speaks for the female body with changed vision for femininity underneath the sphere of influence of feminism and post modernism, then emphasizes the subjectivity and independence of woman. From the research above, this study will help to understand the overwhelming outerization phenomenon and contribute to expansion of the horizon of the study of fashion aesthetics. It will serve fashion creative source through various outerization cases as well.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.123-138
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to review the expressive effect of fashion illustrations and to enlarge its expressive range by analysing the correlations between fashion illustrations and surrealistic expressive characteristics. The results are as follows. The surrealistic expressive methods of fashion illustration such as depaysement and automatism have been used by many foreign and domestic fashion illustrators. I think that these methods reinforce the subjective aspect of expressive effects and enlarge the transmitting function of fashion message. The elements of expression are divided into color, texture, shape/form and space. Subjective colors rather than natural colors are used for the surrealistic expressive effect of color in fashion illustrations, and illusion of space is expressed by the change of brightness. The surrealistic expressive effect in fashion illustrations distorted the experience of factual texture and disturbed the visual texture. The use of tactile texture presented strange effects perspectively. The objects of shape in fashion illustrations were mainly human body. The form of human body presents reconstituted and reinterpreted figure by transformation or distortion according to the intention of the artist rather than realistic and physical form. In fashion illustration, the transformation of the human body itself whose body parts get separated, superposition of exterior material and human body, and the distortion of human body by the change are done. Space is where background and shapes are inter-penetrated because they are ambiguous and untransparent, and where all are in disorder and unbalance. The method of projection uses distance perspective, multiple perspective and amplified perspective representation, and forms a psychological space feeling. And I think the use of surrealistic expressive methods are very useful for the subjective sensitiveness and the transmission of a fashion message, and presents a possibility to develop a new expressive method.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2007

The space where one's body lives is not only a space as the simple environment that is built with the physical factors, but also a space experienced by a movement accompanied by the concept of body perception including mental activities. In this study, the importance of the body is recognized and the meaning of the space of body perception including mental activities is understood. In this manner, the spatial unfolding phase and expression features are to be investigated through a standard of "What do they change?" by grasping those as a flexible space that changes spatial recognition. The following results have been drawn in this study; First, the application of the flexible concept in the space can give rise to the activities of an experiencing person in terms of being the object of spatial experience and appreciation. Also, the application changes a slightly static concept into a relative and dynamic space by introducing the movement. Second, the establishment of a space by a human's movement is accompanied by all perceptions and enables to perceive the space shape, the space itself and mutual communication between the spaces. Third, the expression of the human's movement in the fixed form of space lies in the extension of the fused spacial area with an observer beyond the physical spatial limitation. As human body intervenes in space, the meaning of the space has become more abundant and diverse and the space will be presented as the arena for sensitive and flexible communication as a responsive space that corresponds.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2009

In the recent past, the impression expressed by a human body expanded from that of aesthetic beauty to deformed organic medium influenced by environment. And the advancement in digital technology had made it possible to represent the deformed and distorted images of human body more realistically. Consequentially, these exaggerated physical images leave audiences with a feeling of grotesqueness. Chris Cunningham is a British director who mainly focuses on grotesque body as his subject matter using digital media. This paper will explore Chris Cunningham's work and his final goal through analyzing his carnivorous, uncanny grotesque body images, making use of the figital media, at each of his different levels.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.20-40
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of surrealism and its expression technique and to develop creative and artistic women's coat design based on the analysis of various expression techniques of surrealistic artists and designers. To this end, literature review was done and design and actual works of women's coats were made. Surrealism was applied to fashion by Schiaparelli in the 1930s and it has constantly been applied by many fashion designers. The examples used in fashion were examined by shape of body parts or natural objects, metaphor and transformation of objects, position change and optical illusion. Based on this examination, motifs were drawn from paintings of Rene Magritte, Salvador Dali, Vladimir Kush, and Rafal Olbinski, who most inspired contemporary fashion designers with their works. The creative and artistic sense of five women's coats for 20's and 30's were designed using surrealistic paintings and fashion design expression techniques in a view of social problems. This study has a significance in that it expanded the expression techniques of fashion design and its field with original design which is inspired by surrealistic formativeness and expression technique with social criticism. It is also possible for this study to contribute to the development of fashion design if various designs are presented through grafting various artistic expression techniques onto fashion.