• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.374-384
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• 2006

this study, the teaching methods of three science teachers for lead-iodide precipitation reaction experiment were compared. The difference of 9th grade students' understanding was searched according to the science teachers teaching styles, also. Among the three teachers, Teacher A taught students based on the science textbook and allowed students to think themselves and to get out conclusion by the experiment. Teacher B and Teacher C gave students a lot of explanations related to interpretation of the experiment. The percentage of no response on the experiment report of Teacher A was higher than those of Teacher B and Teacher C. But the students of Teacher B and Teacher C tended to have limited thoughts because of the teachers explanations. In spite of the difference, it was common phenomenon that few students understood concepts through the experiment. A lot of students were interested in the experiment, but it was hard to understand Law of definite proportions according to the experiment.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.19-35
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• 2000

Learning by examples has proven to be an efficient method in mastering various subjects including programming languages. This study hypothesizes that the number of examples and the type of examples are two significant dimensions that influence the performance of learning programming languages by examples. A set of experiments was conducted to investigate the impacts of the two dimensions in the domain of JAVA programming. The results showed that providing two examples is more effective than providing only one example even though significantly more explanations are attached to the single example. Among the 'two-example' groups, the group that was given functionally similar examples performed better than those with functionally dissimilar examples. Explanations for these results are provided in this paper based on the behavioral patterns of individual subjects in terms of time and frequency. This paper concludes with the implications of the study results for the development of effective tutoring systems for programming languages.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-22
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• 2009

The existing interpretations and translations do not give adequate explanations about hidden meanings of the oriental theory, making it not easy for other researchers not majoring in oriental medicine to understand oriental medical classics. For other researchers who are trying to understand oriental medical classics and perform interdisciplinary co-research, we suggest there should be more detailed explanations about the hidden meaning of oriental theory such as Eumyang(陰陽, Yinyang) theory, Five-phase[五行] theory, Un-gi(運氣) theory. This paper, interpreting and translating the east(東), the west(西), the south(南), the north(北) in "Hwangjenaegyeong Somun(黃帝內經 素問)" focusing on the meaning of each character, will be a good example of such detailed explanation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.31 no.4 s.63
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• pp.770-785
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• 1998

This study describes the relation of physician's income and price of medical service and social welfare through microeconomic view, reviews the literature of influencing factor on physician's income, and it describes general distribution of physician's income, and analyzes influencing factor of physician's income. A total of 844 persons responded to the mail survey, through stratified sampling by 23 branches of medical society in Korean RBRVS study. The design of the study is cross sectional study, and the unit of analysis is a physician. To examine the change of average income per month, multiple regression was used to test the change according to physician's characteristics, demographic characteristics, scale of clinic, average intensity of ordinary work, and specialty. The major findings of this study are as follows; 1. As for self-employed physicians, the difference of average income per month among specialties was mcreased \4,850,000, but the difference was \6,020,000 under the control of control variables. 2. The number of average out-patients per month and number of nurses and nursing aides significantly positively associated, and average income per month was significantly higher for physicians who had sick-beds than physicians who had no sick-beds. In conclusion, the number of out-patient and number of nurses and nursing aides is the major influencing factor, and the difference of average income per month among specialties existed in self-employed physicians. So this study suggests basic hypothesis that the price of medical service and supply of physician by specialties are not pertinent. Being a cross-sectional study, this study can not suggest causal explanations. In the future, further study is needed for causal explanations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.97-114
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• 2010

Purpose: This study is intended to provide easy explanations needed to ensure correct understanding of the notification of health education curriculum revised in 2008, health education curriculum at middle and high schools as well as their effective application at schools. Teachers of health lessons can provide better guidance for their classes only when they are well informed of intent and direction of health lessons sought after by the nation, objective and systematic content of health lessons, teaching methods, characteristics of teachinglearning materials and their evaluation. The contents of the guide have been sufficiently detailed and clarified in such a way that can increase understanding of school health education as pursued by the nation. Methods: This is reported research as its contents have been finalized through analysis of documentary records concerned with health education available at both home and abroad, a council of health education experts and public hearings organized for extensive collection of opinions from professor and teachers. Results: The guidebook has been prepared in 5 areas covering respectively "background of revision to health education curriculum", "how health education curriculum has been changed over time", " focus on health education curriculum", "explanations on health education curriculum" and "comparison of new and previous curriculum". Also developed were key initiatives on 6 health related subjects. Conclusion: The greatest significance of this research lies in the fact that it has come up with the first guide book for health education ever prepared in our history. It is also meaningful for the guide book to enable teachers to teach their classes better by providing them with easy interpretation of the contents notified by the government and to have set guidelines for directions in which health of our youths should be promoted. Since this is the first work, continuous research and development should further be carried out in the future.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.149-160
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the relationships between the patterns of elementary school teachers' explanations and the patterns of students' questions types on scientific phenomena. for the purposes of this study, we collected questions related to scientific phenomena from 255 $3rd{\sim}6th$ students in 2 elementary schools. Classifying the students' questions collected, 20 representative questions for each type were selected. Data regarding teachers' scientific explanation from 62 teachers of 3 elementary schools were also collected. The results of the analysis of the questions for each science field show that the students in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th grades have the most questions regarding biology, and those in the 6th grade have more questions regarding earth science. Regarding question types, object exploration questions and explican exploration questions formed the majority. Moreover, the higher the students' grades, a decrease in the number of conjectural questions and an increase in the number of causal questions were observed. As a result of the analysis of the teachers' explanation, the following explanation types could be discerned; conjecture, hypothesis, prediction, teleological explanation, information given to feed exploration questions, as well as verification and information supply fer verification purposes. There were 4 kinds of relationships between question types and explanation types. One was the explanation fitting to each question type, a second was the explanation with additional content than the question required, a third was where the explanation was inappropriate to the question, and a forth was where the teacher responded that they "don't know." This study, investigating the relationships between questioning as a scientific inquiry process and explanation, will help to promote discussion regarding science classes in elementary school.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.519-526
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to search pre-service teachers?and chemistry teachers?conceptions related to electrolysis process by predicting electrolysis products in NaI solution. A questionnaire developed by the researchers and following interviews were adopted for the research. By the methods, the conceptions of the groups were compared. Also, the relationship between their conceptions and explanations of chemistry II textbooks and general chemistry books was examined. From the analysis, it was found that most of the pre-service teachers had difficulties in using standard electrode potential when they predicted products of electrolysis. Most of the chemistry teachers could use standard electrode potential, but it was difficult to understand water electrolysis in redox reaction. The explanations of chemistry II textbooks also contained misconceptions.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.27-71
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• 2010

Scientific creativity is defined as the production of novel scientific facts, methods, theories, explanations, and instruments, as well as the entire process by which these novel facts, theories, explanations and instruments are generated. There have been many studies on scientific creativity, but there were few studies on the scientific creativity of a research team collaborating in laboratory settings. This paper aims to find the elements that constitute the creativity of a laboratory through empirical participant observation and theoretical analysis of RNA Biology Lab in Seoul National University - a lab which is considered to be the most creative laboratory in Korea. Creative accomplishments demand not just a sudden inspiration but also a complicated and continuous evolutionary process which requires a systematic division of labor and a corporation between researchers who have diverse knowledges and capabilities. Also, this paper shows that laboratory culture and leadership are an important factor for vitalizing the corporative structure of the laboratory.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.217-236
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether preschoolers' peer interaction type and level differ depending on pair compositon and task type. Preschoolers' peer interaction type and level were compared among three kinds of pair compositions(with a Younger peer, with a same-age peer, and with an older peer) as well as between two types of tasks(tasks involving real objects, and tasks involving pictures). Subjects were seventy-eight four-year-old children recruited from six child-care centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The preschoolers were randomly assigned to one of the three kinds of pair compositions. Interaction processes of the pairs were recorded by a video camera, and the scenes were transcribed for content analyses. The traniscribed peer interactions were coded according to the categories that the researcher had generated. Statistical methods used for the data analysis were frequencies, percentiles, means, standard deviations, repeated measures ANOVA, paired t-tests, one-way ANOVA. Major findings of this study were as follows: There were significant differences preschoolers' in interaction type depending on the pair compositions and the types of tasks. The preschoolers paired with the older peer used abstract collaborative explanations more frequently than in two other types of pair composition. The preschoolers paired with the younger peer used explanations without collaboration and parallel behaviors more frequently than in two other types of pair composition.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.560-569
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• 1999

This study was conducted with two science classes of the 8th grade students in Seoul during 4 weeks. The numbers of students in the classes were 37 and 38, and they were taught for 12 class hours. Questions obtained for 12 class hours from 75 students were analyzed and grouped into patterns. All together 1.108 questions from the students were classified into six categories: 'No Connection' (7%). 'Contradiction' (3%), 'Recall' (23%), 'Reframe' (40%), 'Application' (18%), and 'Extension' (9%). Irrelevant questions to learning and questions of false proposition were classified into 'No Connection' and 'Contradiction', respectively. Questions repeating what were already explained were grouped into 'Recall'. Those requiring other examples and/or additional explanations were grouped into 'Reframe'. Those requiring practical applications and/or explanations for other concrete facts were grouped into 'Application'. Finally. Questions for higher and/or other concepts were grouped into 'Extension'. We also discussed educational implications of the above categorized questions in this study.