• Educational Technology International
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.77-103
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to develop an instructional model using new technologies aiming to secure students' learnability and to enhance the public school values in the rural districts. The present study attempts to suggest a practical e-learning instructional and learning model named Group Dynamics- based Debate Instructional Model', which utilizes unique technology environment conditions in most. To develop the model, concepts of group dynamics and debate-based instructional models were reviewed. And in-service teachers in two public schools in a certain rural district were interviewed in order to collect and analyze their needs for a teaching and learning model with which they utilizes unique technology conditions as environment in most. Based on literature review and the need analysis, a group dynamics-based debate instructional model has been suggested in terms of conceptual model. And then expert assessment composing of five in-service teachers from the model schools was implemented twice in order to acquire the suggested model validation, followed by the model validation by a group of experts. Then a revised group dynamics-based debate instructional model has been finally suggested. The group dynamics-based debate instructional model is expected to build up members' affective connection in the process, to generate group value, or collective intelligence, and to establish positive discussion culture. Furthermore, beyond of just utilizing the existing materials, learners are encouraged to develop and collect their own materials and data such as expert's interview, or public news for their argument or refutation. In doing so, learners enhance their learnability as well as accountability, prompting self-directed learning, and establishing appropriate discussion culture resulting in positive learning outcomes.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.16 no.1_spc
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• pp.21-31
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• 2024

This study focused on the development of an AI essay tool for assessing writing-communication competence using ChatGPT. During the development process, the interaction between content expert and technical expert was emphasized to explore the fusion of IT and humanities and social sciences. Through close communication and interaction between the content and technical experts, they incorporated scoring criteria for writing-communication competence and developed an AI essay test tool that provides scores and feedback in the appropriateness of content, effectiveness of organization, and accuracy of grammar. This process revealed how content and technology combine and presented considerations for future fusion researchers, including technical experts in generative AI assessment tools.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.239-282
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• 2019

The importance of ADR(Alternative Dispute Resolution), which has the advantage of expertise, speed and neutrality due to the increase of arbitration cases due to domestic and foreign construction disputes, has emerged. Therefore, in order for the nation's arbitration system and the arbitration Organization to jump into the ranks of advanced international mediators, it is necessary to research the characteristics and advantages of these arbitration Organization through a study of prior domestic and foreign research and operation of international arbitration Organization. As a problem, First, education for the efficient promotion of arbitrators (compulsory education, maintenance education, specialized education, seminars, etc.). second, The effectiveness of arbitration in resolving construction disputes (hearing methods, composition of the tribunal, and speed). third, The issue of flexibility and diversity of arbitration solutions (the real problem of methodologies such as mediation and arbitration) needs to be drawn on the Arbitration laws and practical problems, such as laws, rules and guidelines. Therefore, Identify the problems presented in the preceding literature and diagnosis of the defects and problems of the KCAB by drawing features and benefits from the arbitration system operated by the international arbitration Institution. As an improvement, the results of an empirical analysis are derived for "arbitrator" simultaneously through a recognition survey. As a method of improvement, First, as an optimal combination of arbitration hearing and judgment in the settlement of construction disputes,(to improve speed). (1) A plan to improve the composition of the audit department according to the complexity, specificity, and magnification of the arbitration cases - (1)Methods to cope with the increased role of the non-lawyer(Specialist, technical expert). (2)Securing technical mediators for each specialized expert according to the large and special corporation arbitration cases. (2) Improving the method of writing by area of the arbitration guidelines, second, Introduction of the intensive hearing system for psychological efficiency and the institutional improvement plan (1) Problems of optimizing the arbitration decision hearing procedure and resolution of arbitration, and (2) Problems of the management of technical arbitrators of arbitration tribunals. (1)A plan to expand hearing work of technical arbitrator(Review on the introduction of the Assistant System as a member of the arbitration tribunals). (2)Improved use of alternative appraisers by tribunals(cost analysis and utilization of the specialized institution for calculating construction costs), Direct management of technical arbitrators : A Study on the Improvement of the Assessment Reliability of the Appraisal and the Appraisal Period. third, Improvement of expert committee system and new method, (1) Creating a non-executive technical committee : Special technology affairs, etc.(Major, supports pre-qualification of special events and coordinating work between parties). (2) Expanding the standing committee.(Added expert technicians : important, special, large affairs / pre-consultations, pre-coordination and mediation-arbitration). This has been shown to be an improvement. In addition, institutional differentiation to enhance the flexibility and diversity of arbitration. In addition, as an institutional differentiation to enhance the flexibility and diversity of arbitration, First, The options for "Med-Arb", "Arb-Med" and "Arb-Med-Arb" are selected. second, By revising the Agreement Act [Article 28, 2 (Agreement on Dispute Resolution)], which is to be amended by the National Parties, the revision of the arbitration settlement clause under the Act, to expand the method to resolve arbitration. third, 2017.6.28. Measures to strengthen the status role and activities of expert technical arbitrators under enforcement, such as the Act on Promotion of Interestments Industry and the Information of Enforcement Decree. Fourth, a measure to increase the role of expert technical Arbitrators by enacting laws on the promotion of the arbitration industry is needed. Especially, the establishment of the Act on Promotion of Intermediation Industry should be established as an international arbitration agency for the arbitration system. Therefore, it proposes a study of improvement and differentiation measures in the details and a policy, legal and institutional improvement and legislation.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.87-96
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• 2013

Roundabouts are recently paid a lot of attention, but in the process of implementation, there are insufficient logical grounds for clear criteria and priority of introduction. As a result, in determining priority of introduction of roundabouts, a local government often depends on a policy maker's subjective judgement. Therefore, this study was conducted to suggest methodology for priority decision of introduction of roundabouts. Assessment elements of six main elements including accident type at intersections and each one has three subelements. Survey was carried out targeting fifty-three public officials in charge and experts in order to analyze the significance of each assessment element. The theoretical background of analysis is based on AHP developed by Saaty, which is one of multiple criteria decision making methods. 'Expert Choice 2000' was used as a software program. Five intersections representing different situations were selected as examples of analysis. It was also paired with sensibility analysis to grasp how priority might be changed by different weight. Through this result, it can be inferred that priority might change by manipulating field situation from other areas.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.165-182
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to develop practical arts' lesson plan for creativity and personality. In order to achieve the objectives of the study creativity and personality factor were derived on the basis of previous research and literature review and expert groups to develop lesson plan through the modification of the validity assessment. This study was conducted in three phases: preparation, development, and improvement. In the preparation phase, educational needs of teachers were developed and analyzed. And theme for activity was selected. In the development phase, activity were selected based on the contents of practical arts and presentation of educational objective, development of lesson plan. In the improvement phase, the lesson plan was completed through the modification of the validity assessment by expert group. The characteristics of the developed lesson plan were followings; First, Developed lesson were based on the contents of practical arts for creativity and personality Second, Developed lesson were designed for project method. Third, this developed lesson plan is made up of six parts 'Study cook', 'Cooking lunchbox for health', 'Cooking fusion food', 'Sowing and growing sprouts', 'Cooking with growing sprout', 'Food for life exhibition'. Forth, developed lesson plan can use practical arts class and creative activity class.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.349-356
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• 2015

Trace metals concentrations in the tissue of edible marine fish (4 species), olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii), file fish (Stephanolepis cirrhifer) and abbysal searobin (Lepidotrigla abyssalis), collected near the Yongho wharf in Busan were determined to assess the potential human health risk (HRA) of trace metals by fish consumption. Levels of Li, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb in the fish tissue were $0.005{\pm}0.009$, $0.77{\pm}0.30$, $0.29{\pm}0.34$, $0.49{\pm}0.14$, $15.96{\pm}2.52$, $10.62{\pm}4.67$, $0.001{\pm}0.002$, and $0.045{\pm}0.06mg/kgdw$ respectively. The estimated daily intakes of Cu and Zn and the estimated weekly intakes of As, Cd, and Pb from the fish collected near the Yongho wharf were 0.0032, 0.054-0.18% of PMTDI (provisional maximum tolerable daily intake) and 13, 0.0041, 0.020% of PTWI (provisional tolerable weekly intake) which were set to evaluate the food safeties by the JFCFA (The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). Lifetime cancer risk and target hazard for local residents due to those fish consumption were found to be negligible.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.120-140
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to assess the green space considering functional characteristics in order to provide the base data for efficient green planning and management. The study area was the park-type green spaces in Daegu and the functions were limited in nature-ecological, environment-control, and usage functions. Thirteen indicators were selected from the literature review and MCB analysis of expert survey. The weightings of functional indicators were established through AHP analysis of expert survey. According to the results of functional assessment, Naengcheon amusement, Deagu sports, and Dalchang amusement parks had scores of more than 80 in the case of nature-ecological function. Fifteen parks such as Bokhyeon, Manchon, and Cheonnae parks had scores of more than 75 in terms of environment-control function and eleven parks such as Suseong, Dalseong, and Wolbae parks had scores of more than 80 in usage function. The findings from this study can be used as the base data and guideline for construction of new park-type green space and continuous management and remodeling of current green space.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.119-126
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• 2017

Background: As the demands of pharmacist's role and quality performance have increased, the verification of pharmacist's ability has been required. In this study, we aimed to select appropriate items for assessment of pharmacist's knowledge, attitude and performance. Methods: Based on the pharmacist job analysis, we selected duties and tasks in consideration of applying pharmacy practical examination through brainstorming of internal researchers and group discussion with experts. Survey was conducted to evaluate the tasks according to the criteria detailed below: Realistic, Understandable, Measurable, Behavioral and Achievable (RUMBA). The subjects included professors at colleges of pharmacy and instructors of institutional or community pharmacy settings. Results: Nine duties including 41 tasks were drawn for the survey through primary internal researchers. Of the 90 respondents, 95.6% were professors or preceptors who was engaged in practical training, and 62.2% had more than five years of practical experience. As a result of survey and discussion with expert panel, selected seven duties were selected as followings: 'Patient (customer) reception', 'Drug preparation and distribution', 'Patient care', 'Administration', 'Patient counseling', 'Non-prescription medication counseling', and 'Provision of drug information'. The final 20 tasks from seven duties were chosen to assess skills that a pharmacist should be able to perform. Conclusion: This is the first study to select the items that can be included in pharmacist practical examination in the future, based on the RUMBA criteria. As a next step, it is necessary to study how to implement these items.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.517-532
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to develop a critical pathway for case management of patients who have received Lumbar Laminectomy because of low back pain, arm and leg numbness, and radiating pain in the leg. For this study, a preliminary critical pathway was developed through a review of the literature including five critical pathways which are currently being used in the USA. In order to identify the overall service contents required by these patients, 30 cases were analyzed. These cases were taken from medical records of those with Lumbar Laminectomy between January, 1998 and December, 1998 in the department of neurosurgery at the Pusan National University Hospital in Pusan. An expert validity test was done for the preliminary critical pathway, a clinical validity test was also done using 12 patients with Lumbar Laminectomy between October 1, 1999 and January 31, 2000. After these processes, the final critical pathway was developed. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The vertical axis of the critical pathway includes the following eight items: assessment, consultation, diet, test, medication, treatment, activity, education/ discharge planning. The horizontal axis includes the time from the start of hospitalization to discharge. Analysis of the 30 medical records was done. analysis of the service contents showed the horizontal axis of the preliminary critical pathway was set from hospitalization to the 12th post operation day and the vertical axis was set to include eight items, the contents which should have occurred, according to the time frames of the horizontal axis. 2. As a result of the expert validity test, it was found that among the 233 items, 203 showed over 88% agreement and 30 of them showed less than 88% agreement, which were then revised or deleted from the critical pathway. At the preliminary meeting for the clinical validity test, the time of hospitalization on the horizontal axis was shortened to the 10th post operation day. A clinical validity test was done with 12 patients with Lumbar Laminectomy. All the cases progressed according to the critical pathway although some variances were noted in assessment, consultation, test, medication, and treatment. 3. Based on these results, a final critical pathway was determined. In conclusion, this critical pathway is partially applicable to the care of patients with Lumbar Laminectomy and needs further investigation.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 2019

Intake ratio from river constitutes about 31% (8/26) that beings to "water stress country" as "Medium ~ High" with China, India, Italy, South Africa, etc. Therefore, the present study on a dam that is the most effective and direct for securing water resources has been performed. First of all, climate change scenarios were investigated and analyzed. RCP 4.5 and 8.5 with 12.5 km grid resolution presented in the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 5th Assessment Report (AR5) were applied to study watershed using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) and HEC-ResSim models that carried out co-operation. Based on the results of dam simulation, the reduction effects of floods and droughts were quantitatively presented. The procedures of dam projects of the USA, Japan and Korea were investigated. As a result, there are no estimating quantitative criteria, calculating methods or formulas. In the present study, therefore, indexes for selecting suitable dam site through literature investigation and analyzing dam watersheds were determined, Expert questionnaire for various indexes were performed. Based on the above mentioned investigation and expert questionnaire, a methodology assigning weight using AHP method were proposed. The function of suitable dam (FSDS) site was calibrated and verified for four medium-sized watersheds. Finally, automated model for suitable dam site was developed using FSDS and 'Model builder' of GIS tool.