• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.359-369
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• 2004

The objectives of this study were: a) to classify the rural women's roles according to degree of participation in farming and decision making, b) to find out the needs for support policy considering the role types, and c) to put forward the programs for supporting rural women according to their role types. This study was based on a literature review, empirical analysis, and opinions from a panel of experts and professionals including rural women in Korea. Based on the findings from this study, the following suggestions should be considered for supporting the rural women according to the types of their roles: 1) Government should enhance the support system for rural women in terms of policy and social system. Careful considerations on the status of woman farmers according to their role types should be reflected in the policy and social system. 2) Family cultural reform, farming helper system, reducing the housework burden, supporting educational expenses, and providing more opportunities for closer contact to the community actions and educational programs should be included in the support system. 3) Rural women's participation in various community action and educational programs should be encouraged by providing diverse incentives, appropriate information and educational supports designed to support woman farmers.

• 한국노년학
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.467-484
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore latent classes of longitudinal medical expenses of older people and to analyze its predictors and its effects on subjective health. Among participants of the Korean Health Panel, the sample of this study includes 1,119 people who is 65-year-old or older and reported their medical expenses for nine consecutive years. The analyses were conducted in three steps. First, Growth Mixture Model (GMM) was applied to find distinct subgroups showing similar patterns in medical expenses. The results showed four groups which were classified as high medical expenditure maintenance group, medical expenditure increase group, low medical expenditure maintenance group, and medical expenditure reduction group. Second, the multinominal logistic regression found that the presence of spouse, economic participation, the number of chronic diseases, and the type of health insurance were significant predictors of latent classes in medical expenses. In particular, the greater the number of chronic diseases, the higher the likelihood of belonging to the high medical expenditure maintenance group. In addition, medical benefit recipients are more likely to belong to the low medical cost maintenance and medical cost reduction groups. Third, multiple regression analysis revealed that the older people in the groups with low or reducing expenses reported better subjective health than people with higher expenses. This study has its meanings in exploring the heterogeneity in longitudinal medical expenses among older people and its predictors and its associations with health outcome. The results of this research provide background information in establishing public health policy for older people.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the actual situation of residents' participation in rural development projects, to identify their performance and problems, and suggest ways to develop desirable villages in rural areas. From reviewing relevant pre-studies, this study was done by interview, questionnaire, and observation targeting 140 leaders and residents of exampled village of the project in Jeollanam-do, as well as by listening opinions of relative experts. This study is largely classified into 4 parts, review of character and appearing background of village development project, review of theoretical discussion about residents' participation, evaluation of accomplishments and analysis of participation, and establishing a model for habitants-participating village development project and how to improve it. As a result of questionnaire, it was found urgent for habitants to convert their thinking about village development and their participation in it, to realize a model of this project, as well as political stimulus to promote that. Therefore, measures must be required to improve current village development projects and to promote them. First of all, a preparation period is required to sufficiently provide the village where habitants are willing to participate in, from the state of place selection. Besides, it is required to run away from profit-making businesses aiming at foreign people, to improvement of residents' welfare in a long term, and enhanced resources management in a broad view. Waste of working expenses seems to be solved through direct operation by a corporation in charge of profit-making businesses, under superstition of residents' community. Finally conclusion, expansion and practicalization of education to residents are essential, to promote their participation in rural development projects. Especially it must be practical education for habitants such as 'community-ship' or 'technology education in each interesting part,' rather than tour of other villages and unilateral lectures from experts. Along with this, a long term plan and systematic participation is more essential. Since planning itself can be mutual learning to enhance residents' capacity, a chance must be established to discuss and plan each part including resources-research, by making them participate in.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2020

In this study, parallel work-learning training, which was started in 2013 as a pre-employment promotion policy, is an important factor that determines the success or failure of training. As a time when various institutional supplementation is needed to encourage company participation, this study is to identify the factors of participation of companies participating in work-learning parallel. To this end, a questionnaire survey was conducted of companies participating in parallel work-learning in Chungnam, and the results were analyzed using the structural equation model. As a result of the study, the reason for the company's participation in parallel work-learning was firstly, 84% of government subsidy received education and training expenses. Second, 66% of workers were able to pay less than regular workers, and thirdly, it was easy to hire new employees in the field. 26%, 17% of them were invited by acquaintances for no particular reason. Therefore, the study suggests that participation in the work-learning parallel training contributes to the management costs, management of employee turnover, and human resource development. In future research, it is necessary to subdivide tests and estimates by conducting studies on regions, occupations, gender, wages, and years of service in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.398-409
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• 2007

Today women's social participation is highly increasing, and especially the middle-aged women's activity is amazing. However, many ladies have trouble in wearing suits or jackets. Because the current ready-made apparels focus on young and slender women, and accordingly the current size system is made for them. So it is necessary to develop new size system for general ladies who are hardly well-proportioned figures. The survey of mid-life ladies in this Paper vividly reveals the above Problem. Many ladies dissatisfied with the fitness of the existing apparels. Therefore updating the current size system of ladies' apparels is badly needed. It also helps reducing corporates' stock-holding costs and customer's clothes-adjusting expenses.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 한국주거학회 1994년도 학술발표대회논문집 하
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• pp.43-49
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• 1994

In Korea, the rental apartments for low-income bracket have greatly been built and are being built now. But their management system is quite unstable and the residents' participation in the management is excluded throughly from the beginning. As a result, there are increasing complaints about their low quality of management as well as a self-righteous managerial behavior by the housing company. Therefore, it is required to be managed by residents in the rental apartmenr and especially the organization of management, such as decision making-executing-audition body, should be operated by the residents. To achieve this purpose, the management law should be consolidated into one and the method o imposing the expenses of repairing and maintenance should be improved by The Ministry of Construction and Transportation.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.157-160
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• 2004

The paper's suggestion is about hereditary facts between family members. Diagnosing patients from the point of patients temporary conditions, and so performing primitive examinations and treatments, can lead not only to frequent wrong diagnoses, and to huge medical expenses and times to the patients, but even to critical situation of patients or taking lives away. As a means to cut these cases down to a minimum, sharing medical treatment information between family members is suggested. This approach makes possible understanding physical constitution and environment between family members, and can result in bringing a faster treatment effect if some family member suffers from a similar disease. This approach, since a participation in a family membership effectuates all of family members, can minimize the membership fees, thus enabling inter-family health care on a home doctor basis.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• 제42권7호
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• pp.73-88
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to understand how consumers perceive the costs of couponing by coupon types and to suggest ways in which coupons should be developed to contribute to consumers' welfare. Costs/benefits of coupons as the most close antecedent variable included the following 8 constructs: searching costs, clipping costs, storing costs, extra expenses, substitution costs, pressure of holding, uncomfortable feelings, and regrets. Since it was hypothesized that the cost of couponing differs by coupon type, four coupon-types were examined: homepage coupon, E-mail coupon, DM coupon, and newspaper/magazine coupon. Data for this research were collected through 732 responses to a self-administered survey of consumers who had used all four types of coupons requesting participation from members of Internet survey firm. The conclusions of this research can be summarized as follows: (1) Women preferred off-line coupons but men preferred on-line coupons. In addition, consumers in Seoul were more familiar and satisfied with on-line coupons than consumers in other regions. (2) Among constructs of costs, consumers perceived regrets, pressure of holding, and substitution costs highly. Differently from previous studies, consumers perceived searching costs and clipping costs to be less important than other costs. (3) Storing costs, pressure of holding, and uncomfortable feelings were higher in off-line coupons, whereas clipping costs, extra expenses, and substitution costs were higher in on-line coupons. (4) In general, most constructs of costs in using homepage and newspaper/magazine coupons were higher than those of E-mail and DM coupons. (5) Cost perception was negatively related to coupon satisfaction at coupon, except newspaper/magazine coupon which was the least satisfactory coupon, regardless of costs (6) Consumers were more satisfied with direct-distribution coupons such as E-mail and DM coupons than public-distribution coupons such as homepage and newspaper/magazine coupons.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

Urban parks provide good services to the community, and they are enhanced by citizen participation. For that especially, organizational and continued volunteering can be a key strategy. The purpose of this study is to establish factors on promoting the continuity of volunteering in voulatary associations of urban parks. Variables of continuity are continual will, continual time, and psychological continuance motive. To add to this, this study is intended to inquiry about recognition and compensation that volunteers want to receive. The major findings are as follows: First, The main participantes were housewives with high education. Second, Continual will was influenced by gender, profession, the satisfactory degree for individual pursuit an ideal, and the degree of confidence with members. Third, Continual time was influenced by profession and individual network in community. Forth, Continual motive was influenced by individual network in community, the result-analysis behavior of related government organ, the degree of confidence and the degree of ties with members. Finally, Volunteers wanted to receive the volunteering expenses, the compensation about accident, and emotional recognitions. In sum : to ensure the continuity of volunteering, first, recruiting of volunteers is demanded to select a major target group in the community. Second, a voulatary association helps to make confidence and ties with members. Third, the related government organ strives for volunteers to have a positive recognition of the organ's attitudes, for the volunteer association to have a clearly distinguished area of action from the organ's one, and a co-operative system. Finally, an institution needs to be established to give emotional recognitions as well as volunteering expenses and acompensation for accidents.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1083-1093
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• 2003

Efficient financial management is a critical factor in achieving school foodservice goals. The objective of this study was to suggest efficient financial management practices in secondary school foodservices. In pursuit of this objective, we first identified performance indexes for measuring the success of financial management. Second, we suggested financial management standards, financial data classification methods and a report system. Last, we analyzed operating ratios with the financial data of self-operated and contract-managed school food services. The data were collected through an open-ended questionnaire from 10 middle/high school foodservices in Seoul and Kyeonggi Provincial during on-sites visits and interviews with dieticians and managers. Student participation, sales goals, re-contract frequency and number and cost of disaster loss were identified as the performance indexes for financial management. Income statements were compiled by identifying and classifying financial data. Total revenues consisted of subsidies, meal sales, other revenue and interest. Expenditures consisted of purchased food, salaries and wages, utility costs, office supplies, kitchen supplies, purchased services, company overhead indirect costs, facility investment and maintenance, facility usage expenses, employee benefits and miscellaneous. Mean price of a meal was 2,326 won at self-operated foodservices when the subsidies were included as revenues and 2,360 won at contract-managed foodservices. When including the subsidies as revenues, the operating ratios of self-operated foodservice showed that the food cost percentage was 66.9％, labor cost 23.2％, operation cost 9.9％ and profit 0％. The correspond figures at contract-managed foodservices were 57.6％, 21.5％, 15.3％, and 5.5％, respectively. Food costs in self-operated foodservices was significantly higher than that for contract-managed foodservices, however, facility investment and maintenance and facility usage expenses at self-operated foodservices was significantly lower than those for contract-managed foodservices. Based on this study, the methodology and classification system of financial data was found to be applicable to assess the financial structure of school foodservices.