• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1-16
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to identify the expectation of vocational abilities and the level of the existing abilities of the door-to-door saleswomen in the cosmetic industry, in order to provide baseline information that can be used to improve sales ability. The data were collected from 1,168 respondents to a questionnaire. Major findings were as follows: 1. The most commonly expected aptitude for the door-to-door salesperson was the ability 'to gain the confidence from customers'. The other important aptitudes were 'good attitudes', 'product information' and 'pleasant personality and patience'. 2. The overall level of the abilities according to their self-evaluation when compared with the level of expected abilities was 64.9 %. The item that received the lowest self-evaluation was 'ability in developing new market and audience'. 3. Vocational ability expectation was affected most strongly by education level. The variables that affected self-evaluation were career paths, education level, income, sales volume and position.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2002

The observer program is being utilized In various fishing areas and fisheries internationally and nationally due to the its expected effectiveness in fisheries management and the collection of bioeconomic data necessary in fisheries management policy. The timely gathered data by observers play substantially a major role in decision-making fisheries policy such as the change in management measures, the application of season closure and area closure and etc. The expected effectiveness of the observer program In fisheries management, generally mentioned, is that it would lead to the increase in stock size from which the level of harvest would consequently increases. This study is aimed to analyze this tentatively expected effectiveness of the observer program in fisheries management. The changes in stock size and the level of harvest over time are analyzed under the observer program assuming the fishermen bear the cost of the observer program by investigating the change in fisherman's fishing activity under the observer program and by combining this changed activity with the biological model. The level of fishing efforts of fishermen was decreased from the results of the increase in fishing cost caused by the observer cost and the decrease in catchable stock size restricted by observers. This reduced level of fishing efforts enables stock size to increase over time and therefore, the expected level of harvest increases as time goes on. Another benefit under the observer program is to reduce management costs from the fact that fishermen are responsible for the cost of the observer program and the avoidance cost of fisherman responding to the fisheries regulation could be eliminated from the surveillance of observer. Therefore, it may possible to accomplish the cost-efficient fisheries management policy.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.405-413
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• 2002

We consider a finite dam with general inputs and adopt the level crossing approach to obtain explicit formulas of the expected wet period, the expected loss of water due to overflows in a wet period, and the long-run proportion of loss in inputed water.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.177-184
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• 2019

Objectives: This purpose of this study was to examine the level of communication and clinical skills of Korean medical students according to the participatory method of role playing during medical education. Methods: A total of 100 fourth grade students from the Korean Medical College of Dongshin University in 2018 and 2019 were divided into two groups: Role players and scenario writers. After performing their role-playing, they were asked to complete questionnaires regarding two categories-communication and clinical skills-, consisting of 10 items. Results: 1. Communication skills were measured at approximately 80% of the expected level, and the level difference was shown in detail. 2. Clinical skills were measured at approximately 75% of the expected level, and the level difference was shown in detail. 3. The level of communication skills and the level of clinical skills according to the participatory method did not differ significantly. Conclusions: Writing scenarios in role playing can be observed as having the same effect on communication and clinical skill levels as acting.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.105-124
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• 2018

The usage level of SMEs' win-win payment system is still lower than originally expected. In order to find the answer, we studied SMEs' usage performance of win-win payment system and analyzed the influencing factors of SMEs' usage level of win-win payment system. This study found that the more SMEs utilize win-win payment system, the higher they achieve the desired performance in finance, customer, process, learning and growth perspective. And this study found that usage level of win-win payment system is high in order of large corporations' pressure, government policy, and SMEs' readiness. This study is expected to improve win-win growth by increasing usage level of win-win payment system between large corporations and SMEs, while establishing desirable ecosystems.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2013

This study aimed to categorize mountain villages according to business expense investments and investigate residents' supplementation demands and differences between expected effects by the categories. For the study, 35 villages where are completely developed on and after 2007 were selected to consider fairness among local governments. Each village leader(the head of the village or the chairperson of the management committee) was conducted a survey from 2012 May to August and one copy of survey was eliminated from the study. The study is summarized into four results. First, the types of mountain villages were categorized as a type of mountain village practice(18), a type of life environment improvement(8) and a type of forestry income(8) according by the itemized reports of the business expense investments. Second, the result of F-test(One Way ANOVA) for the average analysis by types showed that 3 out of 6 demands for the operation were significant differences and a supplementation necessity of the program was identified significant differences in p<0.01 level. The necessity of forestry resources use and sprawling development prevention are also showed significant differences among types in p<0.05 level. Third, F-test results from 7 questions of desired effects through mountain village creation project revealed that promotion and market security of forestry products and local patriotism instillation through a personal exchange are significant differences between types in p<0.05 level. Forth, the results of duplication benefits(the mountain village development projects and the village support programs with other departments) on the residents' development expectation found that when a village received a large number of projects, residents' expected effects were higher than other village residents where received relatively a small number of projects. However, the expected effects from the increasing quantities of projects were decreased.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.4B
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• pp.365-376
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• 2009

The importance of resonable treatment of tide characteristics has been shown by Kweon, et al. (2005, 2006) for the crest elevation estimation because of a big difference of tidal elevation along Korean coast. For the procedure of crest elevation design, the expected overtopping probability (EOP) was estimated by Kweon, et al. (2006). The comparisons on each sea showed that EOP was lower east, south and west sea in order. The results involved the assumption that the tide and design level wave height meet any time in a year. However, big waves mainly occur in summer or winter in Korean coast, the study focuses on the encounter probability of big waves and seasonal tide level. A theory of the encounter probability is not derived by the present study but it shows reasonable acceptability of the proposed scenario in which the expected overtopping probability could be an index for the crest elevation estimation in Korean coast. The calculation based on the scenario gives the possibility range for the crest elevation estimation which has no tendency of each sea along Korean peninsular. The range is within the expected overtopping probability of 1% in the whole coast of Korea.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.517-526
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• 1999

This paper deals with two economic optimal designs of constant-stress accelerated life test(ALT) where failure distribution follows one of location-scale family, i. e., exponential, Weibull, and lognormal distributions which have been ones of the popular choices of failure distributions. Two optimization criteria to develop ALT plans are the statistical efficiency per unit expected cost which consists of the fixed test cost, cost being proportional to the number of test units, and variable test cost depending on test period and stress level, and the expected loss which combines Taguchi's quadratic loss function and expected test cost. Optimum plan determines the low stress level, test units allocated to each stress, and censoring times at two stress levels under Type I censoring. The proposed ALT plans are illustrated with a numerical example and sensitivity analyses are conducted to study effects of pre-estimates of design parameters.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.103-140
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• 2009

This paper investigates various channels through which liquidity can affect stock returns and examines whether behavioral explanation for liquidity risk is reasonable. First, we examine whether liquidity level (average liquidity) plays a significant role in determining asset returns. The result is consistent with the hypothesis that a stock with higher average illiquidity will have a higher expected return. Second, we focus on the argument that liquidity has a non-diversifiable systematic component. If systemic liquidity has a different impact across individual securities, a stock that is more sensitive to systematic liquidity will have a higher expected return. The results of various tests are inconsistent with each other, not completely supporting the argument. Finally, the intra-market tests in Korea support the behavioral explanation for the liquidity premium, and the effect is stronger in the liquidity level than in the liquidity beta related to systematic liquidity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.85-95
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• 2005

The margin level in the futures market platys an important role in balancing the default probability with the investor's opportunity cost. In this paper, we investigate whether the movement of KOSPI200 futures daily prices can be modeled with the extreme value theory. Based on this investigation, we examine the validity of the margin level set by the extreme value theory. Moreover, we propose an expected profit-maximization model for securities companies. In this model, the extreme value theory is used for cost estimation, and a regression analysis is used for revenue calculation. Computational results are presented to compare the extreme value distribution with the empirical distribution of margin violation in KOSPI200 and to examine the suitability of the expected profit-maximization model.