• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.42 no.8
• /
• pp.147-167
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nonnative expectations of anger, sadness, fear, and shame in Korean culture by analyzing the textbooks for children's education in the Chosen Dynasty period. The method of this study was document analysis and the materials for analysis were the following four textbooks for children's education that involved individual ethics in everyday life based on Confucianism： 'Dongmongsenspj, 'Gyukmongyogyulj, 'Myungsimbogamj, and 'Sohakj. The analysis was focused on the antecedent events, emotional consequences, and emotional regulations in the emotional processes of anger, sadness, fear, and shame. According to the analysis, anger was caused by ought violations, especially sociomoral violations, and the expression of anger brought about undesirable results, and the inhibition of anger was expected as the regulation rule. Also, many methods of regulating anger were encouraged in the textbooks. For example, one of the regulating methods was to appraise a situation in such a way that anger would not arise. in other hand, sadness was allowed to be expressed only at the death of parents, and the expression of sadness stood for filial piety. Meanwhile, the antecedents of fear were the events to threaten self-esteem, which was mainly focused on keeping moral and social standards. Also the social consequence of fear led to observance of the social norms, and thereby could gain social approval. Therefore, the regulation rule was the enhancement of fear because of anticipated advantageous effects. Finally, the main cause of shame arousal was negative evaluation of self caused by bad performance of ethical or social standards. Accordingly, having shame could prevent wrong behaviors or transgressions which might break interpersonal connectedness, and the regulation rule of shame was to enhance this because of contributing to collective relationship.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.441-448
• /
• 1994

Postweaning performance data were obtained on 187 group fed purebred Angus calves from 12 selected sires (six high and six low feed conversion sires) in 1985 and 1986. The objective of this portion of the study was to develop prediction equations for feed conversion from a stepwise regression analysis. Variables measured were on-test weight (ONTSTWT), on-test age (ONTSTAG), five weights by 28-d periods, seven linear body measurements: heart girth (HG), hip height (HH), head width (HDW), head length (HDL), muzzle circumference (MC), length between hooks and pins (HOPIN) and length between shoulder and hooks (SHHO), and backfat thickness (BF). Stepwise regressions for maintenance adjusted feed conversion (ADJFC) and unadjusted feed conversion (UNADFC) over the first 140 d of the test, and total feed conversion (FC) until progeny reached 8.89 mm of back fat were obtained separately by conversion groups and sexes and for combined feed conversion groups and sexes. In general, weights were more important than linear body measurements in prediction of feed utilization. To some extent this was expected as weight is related directly to gain which is a component of feed conversion. Weight at 112 d was the most important variable in prediction of feed conversion when data from both feed conversion groups and sexes were combined. Weights at 84 and 140 d were important variables in prediction of UNADFC and FC, respectively, of bulls. ONTSTWT and weight at 140 d had the highest standardized partial regression coefficients for UNADFC and ADJFC, respectively, of heifers. Results indicated that linear measurements, such as MC, HDL and HOPIN, are useful in prediction of feed conversion when feed in takes are unavailable.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2020

Purpose: In the 4th industrial revolution, services that incorporate various smart technologies in the tourism sector have begun to gain popularity. Accordingly, academic discussions on smart tourism have also started to become active in various fields. Despite recent research, the definition of smart tourism is still ambiguous, and it is not easy to differentiate its scope or characteristics from traditional tourism concepts. Thus, this study aims to analyze the perception of smart tourism exposed online to identify the current point of smart tourism in Korea and present the research direction for conceptualizing smart tourism suitable for the domestic situation. Research design, data, and methodology: This study analyzes the perception of smart tourism exposed online based on 20,198 news data from portal sites over the past six years. Data on words used with smart tourism were collected from the leading portal sites Naver, Daum, and Google. Text mining techniques were applied to identify the social awareness status of smart tourism. Network analysis was used to visualize the results between words related to smart tourism, and CONCOR analysis was conducted to derive clusters formed by words having similarity. Results: As a result of keyword analysis, the frequency of words related to the development and construction of smart tourism areas was high. The analysis of the centrality of the connection between words showed that the frequency of keywords was similar, and that the words "smartphones" and "China" had relatively high connection centrality. The results of network analysis and CONCOR indicated that words were formed into eight groups including related technologies, promotion, globalization, service introduction, innovation, regional society, activation, and utilization guide. The overall results of data analysis showed that the development of smart tourism cities was a noticeable issue. Conclusions: This study is meaningful in that it clearly reflects the differences in the perception of smart tourism between online and research trends despite various efforts to develop smart tourism in Korea. In addition, this study highlights the need to understand smart tourism concepts and enhance academic discussions. It is expected that such academic discussions will contribute to improving the competitiveness of smart tourism research in Korea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.590-600
• /
• 2005

The present report has been aimed at reviewing important factors which need to be closely analyzed or considered when increasing the market weight of finishing pigs. The pig market weight has increased worldwide during the past few decades, which is attributable primarily to an increased lean gain potential of finishing pigs. To increase the market weight, however, the acceptability of larger pigs by the packer as well as pork consumers should be met first. By increasing the market weight, total number of breeding stock, as well as the facility for them, necessary for producing a given weight of pork can be reduced, whereas more building space for finishing pigs and an additional nutrition program for the later finishing period are needed. Additionally, a more thorough disease prevention program especially against ileitis and mycoplasma pneumonia may also be needed, because outbreaks of these are known to increase with increasing body weight over 110 kg. Some larger finishing pigs may deposit excessive fat that may be reduced or prevented by using hormonal and/or nutritional agents. Backfat thickness increases linearly with increasing body weight between 110 and 130 kg, whereas intramuscular fat content does not change significantly. With increasing live weight within this range, the ratios of belly and loin to carcass weight also are known to increase. Some physicochemical characteristics related to fresh and cooked meat quality including color, firmness, juiciness, etc. are known to be unaffected or slightly changed following an increase of slaughter weight. In conclusion, ratios of primal cuts and pork quality characteristics are not significantly affected by increasing the market weight. Moreover, increasing the market weight of lean-type pigs approximately up to 130 kg is normally profitable to producers, as long as packers and consumers accept larger pigs.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.105-125
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this paper is to analyze 1) who created and distributed fake news, 2) the distribution channels of fake news, 3) who fake news has targeted, and 4) the effects on voting and the impact of fake news on Korean politics. In South Korea, fake news was mainly created by candidates or election campaigns. The reason is that in the wake of the impeachment of President Park Guen Hye, all the political parties in Korea used fake news as a means of mobilizing supporters for each of their candidates or parties to gain an advantage in situations involving political divisions and confrontations between the pro-impeachment, progressive young generation and anti-impeachment, conservative senior generation. Voters' media usage patterns were polarized through social network services (SNS) media and television. Fake news was mostly received through these two media outlets. According to the spreading structure of fake news in Korea, the younger generation generally uses SNS posts intended for unspecified individuals, and the older generation uses closed SNS like KakaoTalk or Naver's BAND. In the end, it is typically characteristic of the older generation to spread fake news through existing offline human networks. In the 2017 presidential election, fake news has been confirmed to have the effect of mobilizing supporters for each political party. In the presidential election, an increase in voter turnout was confirmed among those in their 20s and those in their 60s or older. Evidently, fake news influenced the election of Moon Jae-In. The influence of fake news is expected to grow further as ideological polarization and consequent political polarization continues to intensify in South Korea.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.269-274
• /
• 2017

Currently, fuel efficiency becomes one of critical issues for automotive industries as concerns about environmental and energy problems grow. In an automatic transmission of an automobile, a drag torque due to a viscous drag of a fluid between friction and clutch plates is one of factors that degrade fuel economy. In this work, the drag torque characteristics of a wet clutch was experimentally investigated with respect to rotational speed, temperature of automatic transmission fluid (ATF), and gap between friction and clutch plates. The experimental results showed that drag torque increases to a certain level, and then decrease to the steady state value with increasing rotational speed. This behavior may be associated with two-phase flow of air and ATF at gap between friction and clutch plates. Also, it was found that the maximum drag torque value decreased as ATF viscosity decreases with increasing temperature. However, it was shown that the point at which the maximum drag torque occurs was not significantly affected by the ATF temperature. In addition, maximum drag torque was found to decrease as the gap between friction and clutch plates increased from 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm. Furthermore, it was observed that the generation of maximum drag torque was delayed as the gap increased. The outcomes of this work are expected to be helpful to gain a better understanding of drag torque characteristic of a wet clutch, and may therefore be useful in the design of wet clutch systems with improved performance.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
• /
• 1998.09a
• /
• pp.313-318
• /
• 1998

Electro-Optical Camera(EOC) is the main payload of Korea Multi-Purpose SATellite(KOMPSAT) with the mission of cartography to build up a digital map of Korean territory including Digital Terrain Elevation Map(DTEM). This instrument which comprises EOC Sensor Assembly and EOC Electronics Assembly produces the panchromatic images of 6.6 m GSD with a swath wider than 17 km by push-broom scanning and spacecraft body pointing in a visible range of wavelength, 510 ~ 730 nm. The high resolution panchromatic image is to be collected for 2 minutes during 98 minutes of orbit cycle covering about 800 km along ground track, over the mission lifetime of 3 years with the functions of programmable rain/offset and on-board image data storage. The image of 8 bit digitization, which is collected by a full reflective type F8.3 triplet without obscuration, is to be transmitted to Ground Station at a rate less than 25 Mbps. EOC was elaborated to have the performance which meets or surpasses its requirements of design phase. The spectral response the modulation transfer function, and the uniformity of all the 2592 pixel of CCD of EOC are illustrated as they were measured for the convenience of end-user. The spectral response was measured with respect to each gain setup of EOC and this is expected to give the capability of generating more accurate panchromatic image to the EOC data users. The modulation transfer function of EOC was measured as greater than 16% at Nyquist frequency over the entire field of view which exceeds its requirement of larger than 10%, The uniformity that shows the relative response of each pixel of CCD was measured at every pixel of the Focal Plane Array of EOC and is illustrated for the data processing.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
• /
• v.16 no.5 s.72
• /
• pp.555-564
• /
• 2004

Steel materials, which are normally used in bridge structures, are prone to corrosion and have thin plate structures. Steel bridges that have been damaged through increased vehicle load and corrosion are frequently expected to be strengthened. Repair or strengthening methods generally include cutting, bolting, and welding. The basic characteristics of stress and deformation behavior generated by cutting and welding in the course of the repair work, however, are not yet understood. It is difficult to say whether the safety of the structure after welding conforms with existing safety evaluation methods.Therefore, to gain confidence in the material and to guarantee the safety of the structure after welding, the stress generated by heat, through welding and cutting, was generalized. The effect of additional loads with respect to stress generated by heat was also investigated.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.395-408
• /
• 2020

Objectives: This study was performed in order to provide evidence-based data for the expected professional impact of dental hygienists, and to apply and disclose the comprehensive dental hygiene care process through an in-depth analysis of their scaling experience and investigation of the importance of an evidence-based scaling work performance. Methods: The data were collected from June 3, 2019 to October 3, 2019 by conducting in-depth individual interviews on 10 dental hygienists who are working in dental clinics and hospitals by region. The data were analyzed by using the grounded theory methodology, which is a field of qualitative research method. Results: Study results showed that the core category derived from the paradigm model and change process in this study was 'a process of becoming a mature professional outside practical work'. Conclusions: In this study, the participants were able to gain a sense of occupational accomplishment as dental hygienists by performing scaling based on the comprehensive dental hygiene care (CDHC) process, and to advance into professionals through continuous efforts and research in order to enhance their job competencies.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.286-294
• /
• 2018

Hot-press forming(HPF) steel can be applied successfully to auto parts because of its superior mechanical properties. However, its resistances to aqueous corrosion and the subsequent hydrogen embrittlement(HE) decrease significantly when the steel is exposed to corrosive environments. Considering that the resistances are greatly dependent on the properties of coating materials formed on the steel surface, the characteristics of the corrosion and hydrogen diffusion behaviors regarding the types of coating material should be clearly understood. Electrochemical polarization and impedance measurements reveal a higher corrosion potential and polarization resistance and a lower corrosion current of the Al-coating compared with Zn-coating. Furthermore, it was expected that the diffusion kinetics of the hydrogen atoms would be much slower in the Al-coating, and this would be due mainly to the much lower diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in the Al-coating with a face-centered cubic structure. The superior surface inhibiting effect of the Al-coating, however, is degraded by the formation of local cracks in the coated layer under severe stress conditions, and therefore further study will be necessary to gain a clearer understanding of the effect of cracks formed on the coated layer on the subsequent corrosion and hydrogen diffusion behaviors.