• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.43-46
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• 2011

Zinc consumption in a continuous galvanizing line is one of the highest operating cost items in the facility and minimizing zinc waste is a key economic objective for any operation. One of the primary sources of excessive loss of zinc is through the formation of top dross and skimmings in the coating pot. It has been reported that the top skimmings, manually removed from the bath, typically consist of more than 80% metallic zinc with the remainder being entrained dross particles ($Fe_2Al_5$) along with some oxides. Depending on the drossing practices and bath management, the composition of the removed top skimmings may contain up to 2 wt% aluminum and 1 wt% iron. On-going research efforts have been aimed at in-house recovery of the metallic zinc from the discarded top skimmings prior to selling to zinc recycling brokers. However, attempting to recover the zinc entrapped in the skimmings is difficult due to the complex nature of the intermetallic dross particles and the quality and volume of the recycled zinc is highly susceptible to fluctuations in processing parameters. As such, an efficient method to extract metallic zinc from top skimmings has been optimized through the use of a specialized thermo-mechanical process enabling a continuous galvanizing facility to conserve zinc usage on-site. Also, through this work, it has been identified that filtration of discrete dross particles has been proven effective at maintaining the cleanliness of the zinc. Future efforts may progress towards expanded utilization of filters in continuous galvanizing.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.79-88
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• 2015

English vowels are difficult to teach and learn because both teachers and learners cannot show or see shapes of vocal tract inside their own mouth cavities. The aim of this study is to examine what kind of changes occur in production and perception of English vowels by college students before and after lessons in order to provide fundamental materials for teaching students English vowels. Fifteen volunteer female students attending an English phonetics course participated in the lessons for one and half a month period. Formant values of vowels produced and perceived before and after the lessons were obtained using Flying Popcorn and Praat. Results showed that a produced vowel space after the lessons was greater than that before the lessons with no significant difference. Distances between some adjacent corner vowels were too close to be distinguished. Secondly, perceived vowels before and after the lessons were almost the same. Here again, some adjacent vowels were closely spaced. Thirdly, three groups which were divided by the length of the distance between the vowel /i-${\ae}$/ showed similar patterns in their perception and production. Generally the vowel space expanded from [u] to [${\ae}$]. The author concluded that there was no drastic improvement of vowel perception and production within a short period of time. Further studies would be desirable to examine how successful any long-term English vowel lessons would be and which methods should be taken to evaluate students' achievements proposed here.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.153-157
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• 2009

The production of extended-spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamases ($ESBL_S$) of the TEM or SHV type by bacterial pathogens is a major threat to the use of the clinically important expanded-spectrum cephalosporins. The characterization of the SHV ESBLs producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains present in clinical isolates is time-consuming processes. We describe here in the development of a novel system, which consists of a real time PCR. We found 11 K. pneumoniae strains to be presumptive strains ESBLs producers by clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guidelines. The double disk synergy test showed 8 ESBL positive and conventional PCR showed 10 SHV ESBL positive, which were K. pneumoniae strains isolates. By real time PCR analysis, SHV gene in 11 of 11 strains were identified. When sequencing analysis was compared with real time PCR, both analysis were presented 99% similarity. In this study, we used a rapid, sensitive, and specific real-time PCR (RT-PCR) method for detection of the assay SHV ESBL producing K. pneumoniae strains in clinical isolates.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.189-194
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• 2002

This study aimed at the design trends and characteristics of flexible housing unit plan. In this paper, flexible unit plans of 256 examples that are constructed or will be constructed from 1991 to 2005 on the basis of the initial year of dwelling are analyzed. Divided into 60$m^2$, 85$m^2$, 102$m^2$, 135$m^2$, 165$m^2$ and above 180$m^2$ areas, kinds, characteristics and trend of planning of flexible housing unit plan are analyzed with the frequency and percentage method. The results of this study are as follows; 16 types of flexible kinds; room and living roon/room and room/room, room and living room. Since 2000, various types of flexible planning have came into existence (12 types of 16 types). 3bay is next to 4bay in number of flexible housing planning. There are R/L type in 3bay, R/L type and R/R types in 4bay. Flexible space organization is differentiated various types in R/L and public-private space has expanded in many ways.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.144-155
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aims to identify the general characteristics, subjects, and methods of research on the health of North Korean refugees through a systematic literature review. Methods: A total of 140 studies on health were reviewed using the analytical framework developed by the researchers. Results: The quantitative research comprised 90.7% of the studies, whereas the qualitative research were 7.9% of them. Approximately 81.4% of those reviewed have publication dates spanning 2006 to 2015. Only 13.6% of the studies were conducted with the approval of an institutional review board. The subjects of studies were psycho-social health (151.8%), behavioral health (28.5%), cognitive health (15.0%), physical health (12.2%), integrated health (7.8%), and spiritual health (2.8%). Within the quantitative studies reviewed, the most commonly used study design was survey research (86.0%). The two sampling methods used most often were convenience sampling (53.5%) and snowball sampling (19.4%), and the most commonly used data-collection method were questionnaires (94.6%). As for the qualitative studies, the most commonly used study design was phenomenology. Conclusion: The results suggested that the reviewed studies focused on physical health more than psycho-social health, and physiological measurement more than questionnaires. Ethical considerations need to be expanded.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38B no.3
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• pp.163-171
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• 2013

Recently, the requirement of processing High Definition (HD) video or 3D application on low, mobile devices has been expanded and content data has been increased as well. It is becoming a major issue in Cloud computing where a Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) Service needs efficient data processing ability to provide Quality of Experience (QoE) in Cloud computing. In this paper, we propose three kind of Thick-Thin VDI Service which can share and delegate VDI service based on Thick Client using CPU and GPU. Furthermore, we propose and discuss the VDI Service Optimization Method in mixed CPU and GPU Heterogeneous Environment using CPU Parallel Processing OpenMP and GPU Parallel Processing CUDA.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.1122-1130
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• 2001

In this paper, by applying the spectral domain wavelet concept to Green function, a fast spectral domain calculation of scattered fields is proposed to get the solution for the radiation integral. The spectral domain wavelet transform to represent Green function is implemented equivalently in space via the constant-Q windowing technique. The radiation integral can be calculated efficiently in the spectral domain using the windowed Green function expanded by its eigen functions around the observation region. Finally, the same formulation as that of the conventional fast multipole method (FMM) is obtained through the windowed Green function and the spectral domain calculation of the radiation integral.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.365-369
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• 2017

In clinical dentistry, botulinum toxin is generally used to treat the square jaw, bruxism, and temporomandibular joint diseases. Recently, this procedure has been expanded and applied for cosmetic purposes, and it is becoming a key task to be aware of the precise anatomical structure of the target muscles to be cautious during treatment and how to prevent side effects. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to observe the anatomical structure of the superficial layer of masseter muscle and to provide a most effective botulinum toxin injection method through clinical anatomical consideration. It was observed that the muscle belly of superficial part of the superficial layer was originated from the deep to the aponeurosis of masseter muscle and descend, then changed gradually into the tendon structure attaching to the inferior border of the mandible. In this study, we named this structure deep inferior tendon. This structure was observed in all specimens. We conclude that the use of superficial layer and deep layer injection should be considered to prevent paradoxical masseteric bulging in consideration of the deep inferior tendon of superficial part of superficial layer of masseter muscle.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.23-41
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• 2014

Objective : The purpose of this study was to lay the groundwork for understanding the details and scope of the legal definition of medicinal products, following the changes in the relevant laws and regulations. This will let readers properly understand the origins of the ongoing conflicts on herbal drugs and new drugs from natural products that are present in the medical field and the medical industry. Possible solutions are proposed in the end. Method : I analyzed the changes in definition of medicinal products since 1945 that have been used in relevant laws and regulations(i.e. Pharmaceutical Affairs Act) and drug approval process(i.e. New Drug Application and Investigational New Drug Application). Results : Legal definition of medicinal products has changed in accordance with the changes in the pharmaceutical industry, such as the establishment of dualistic medical and pharmaceutical System and the introduction of the substance patent. Due to those changes, boundaries of Western medicinal products and health food expanded, while those of herbal medicine products relatively downscaled. Conclusion : Legal definition of medicinal products-i.e. Herbal Drugs, Crude Drugs, and New Drugs from Natural Products-should be reestablished according to academic legitimacy and dualistic medical and pharmaceutical System.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.2731-2736
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• 2009

In this paper, a new implementation method of OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) system with an orthogonal basis matrix is developed mathematically. The basis matrix is based on the Haar basis but has an appropriate form for modulation of multiple subchannel signals of OFDM. It is verified that the new basis matrix can be expanded with a simple recursive algorithm. The order of synthesis matrix in the transmitter is increased by the factor of two with every expansion. Demodulation in the receiver is carried out by its inverse matrix, which can be generated recursively with the orthogonal basis matrix. It is shown that perfect reconstruction of original signals is possibly achieved in the proposed OFDMsystem.