• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.560-567
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• 2019

South Korea, which has entered an aged society, is about to enter a super-aged society in 2025. With the increase of an aging population, traffic accidents by aged drivers have been settled as a social problem. Now, when Korea is facing a super-aged society to come, a study was conducted to prevent traffic accidents that occur while the elderly people are driving through a disaster prevention design. For theoretical research, this study examined the concept and necessity of disaster prevention design, the present condition of an aged society, aged drivers' physical and cognitive characteristics, and the policies related to the forms of traffic lights the elderly people see. In addition, to propose the design, this study investigated and analyzed the traffic safety forms and colors of the International Standards Organization and proposed the first and second forms of the design of traffic lights for the gradual improvement of the traffic lights based on that. The first improved design form is a plan for displaying a triangle, an arrow with a large area, and a quadrangle in the lens of the head of the existing traffic lights, and the second improved design form is a plan for introducing a new traffic light head and forming the traffic light with a bigger triangle, an arrow with a large area and a quadrangular lens. Since it has a visually clearer form than the present traffic lights, it is expected that aged drivers who have physical and cognitive characteristics due to aging can secure better visibility and conspicuity and that they can make better reflex responses than they can now, also in the change of driving environment (rain and heavy snowstorm, etc.). In addition, it is expected that this study would be a preceding study to prepare standard guidelines on traffic safety signs other than traffic lights to be prepared for the super-aged society.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.296-309
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• 2022

This study investigated the mobility of inorganic elements (As, Cd, Pb, and Zn) that existed as acid extractable and reducible forms in flooded soils with a pot experiment involving rice cultivation. In general, it is known that soil inorganic elements that existed as an acid extractable form which includes exchangeable, carbonates, non-specifically sorbed, and specifically sorbed have mobility. However, the result of the experiment revealed that each inorganic elements of rice roots grown from flooded soils had different characteristics. The concentrations of Arsenic existed as both forms and the concentrations of cadmium and lead existed as a reducible form in the soils showed a high causal relationship with the concentrations of those elements in the roots of rice plants. The concentrations of zinc, an essential plant element, didn't show a causal relationship. Therefore it is necessary to consider the soil's environmental characteristics such as drained/flooded condition, oxidation/reduction condition, etc. for the mobility assessment of inorganic elements. The concentrations of the reducible form of arsenic, cadmium, and lead in flooded environment such as a paddy field should be also considered because the mobility of these elements combined with Fe/Mn increases in the reduction condition.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.799-811
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• 2016

After the participatory government began, various cluster policies in explicit and tacit forms had been promoted. However, an opinion of coming up with new policy alternative different from the existing one is recently brought up for strengthening the competitiveness of industrial agglomerations. This research attempts to discuss the ways in which both a smart specialization strategy and a triple-helix innovation system approach, as an alternative approach to regional industrial policy, are theoretically associated with the existing cluster policy. Through this discussion, it highlights that post-cluster policy should be not just based on regional specificity, but also facilitated by establishing the consensus space of innovation on the bassis of voluntary cooperation among industry, academy and government. It also stresses that it is necessary to focus on nurturing a new industry by systematic and intensive investment and the diversification of industrial cluster for reinforcing competitiveness of local universities and revitalizing practical cooperation between industry and university.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.2218-2229
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• 2006

A conservative finite-volume numerical method for unstructured grids with the cell-centered method has been developed for computing flow and heat transfer by combining the attractive features of the existing pressure-based procedures with the advances made in unstructured grid techniques. This method uses an integral form of governing equations for arbitrary convex polyhedra. Care is taken in the discretization and solution procedure to avoid formulations that are cell-shape-specific. A collocated variable arrangement formulation is developed, i.e. all dependent variables such as pressure and velocity are stored at cell centers. For both convective and diffusive fluxes the forms superior to both accuracy and stability are particularly adopted and formulated through a systematic study on the existing approximation ones. Gradients required for the evaluation of diffusion fluxes and for second-order-accurate convective operators are computed by using a linear reconstruction based on the divergence theorem. Momentum interpolation is used to prevent the pressure checkerboarding and a segregated solution strategy is adopted to minimize the storage requirements with the pressure-velocity coupling by the SIMPLE algorithm. An algebraic solver using iterative preconditioned conjugate gradient method is used for the solution of linearized equations. The flow analysis code (PowerCFD) developed by the present method is evaluated for its application to several 2-D structured-mesh benchmark problems using a variety of unstructured quadrilateral and triangular meshes. The present flow analysis code by using unstructured grids with the cell-centered method clearly demonstrate the same accuracy and robustness as that for a typical structured mesh.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.271-277
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• 2006

Recently, the mobile game market is growing due to the extension of mobile devices and internet. The mobile games are became a popular culture in society. But the existing mobile games have two simple forms. There are tow models in the mobile games. The first is as follows. The user downloads a game one time and play the game at off-line field. The second is as follows. The user play a battle game at on-line field. In the paper, we propose a new on-line "tug of war" game model which the user can play two kinds of game. They are the on-line battle mode game and the character raising mode game. Thus, this game model is different to existing mobile games and innovative model in mobile game market. This paper proposes a new research field in mobile game market with the characteristic that the user tan play two modes. One mode is the on-line tug of war battle mode and the other is the character raising mode.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.744-761
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• 2016

For about the past decade and a half research efforts into cognitive radio networks (CRNs) have increased dramatically. This is because CRN is recognized as a technology that has the potential to squeeze the most out of the existing spectrum and hence virtually increase the effective capacity of a wireless communication system. The resulting increased capacity is still a limited resource and its optimal allocation is a critical requirement in order to realize its full benefits. Allocating these additional resources to the secondary users (SUs) in a CRN is an extremely challenging task and integer programming based optimization tools have to be employed to achieve the goals which include, among several aspects, increasing SUs throughput without interfering with the activities of primary users. The theory of the optimization tools that can be used for resource allocations (RA) in CRN have been well established in the literature; convex programming is one of them, in fact the major one. However when it comes to application and implementation, it is noticed that the practical problems do not fit exactly into the format of well established tools and researchers have to apply approximations of different forms to assist in the process. In this survey paper, the optimization tools that have been applied to RA in CRNs are reviewed. In some instances the limitations of techniques used are pointed out and creative tools developed by researchers to solve the problems are identified. Some ideas of tools to be considered by researchers are suggested, and direction for future research in this area in order to improve on the existing tools are presented.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.126-135
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to develop risk assessment techniques and institutional analysis of domestic and international, the management techniques that can efficiently manage the harmful factor of the laboratory and to present the institutional measures that can be efficiently implemented. Due to a variety of adverse factors of laboratory, accidents of laboratory of various forms have occurred, but there is no risk assessment system in order to manage this effectively. So, we investigated this domestic existing risk assessment methods and the outside of the risk assessment system, and also analyzed accidents of domestic laboratory that occurred in 2014. In addition, we targeted the 24 laboratories in 21 universities to investigate the management of harmful factors of the laboratory and performed applying test for 12 domestic laboratories. Existing risk evaluation system, such as PMS, SMS, off-site impact assessment, since the industrial site is the subject, is a difficult problem to be directly applied to the laboratory of the research institute. So, we implemented management status and harmful factors survey and classified the research and development activities based on this data. Finally we developed "pre-hazards risk analysis method" to create each of the safety management measures. In addition, research activities personnel conducted voluntarily risk assessment, which is shared by institutions and government. It is presented the institutional system for safety management of laboratory. Its result, pre-hazards risk analysis method and institutionalization scheme will be able to achieve laboratory accident prevention system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.97-113
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• 2016

This study develops pant patterns using body shape, measurement and shell mesh data to decide optimal women's pants according to styles with excellent size, fit and shape for different individuals and silhouettes. Standard landmarks, lines, triangles and structures were set on a 3D scanned lower body shell to represent women in their twenties and flattened as a 2D pattern. Patterns were created and analyzed according to culotte, formal, slacks and tight type considering crotch shape, location of the crotch point, and adjusting waist darts. Flattened patterns were rotated to compare existing methods. The crease lines were then set through the hip protrusion point and compared. The main factor of the pant pattern were extracted, total rise, crotch depth, crotch width, angle of center line, shape of the center line curve, the thigh width, the amount of waist dart, and crease line position. With going tight style from the culotte, the fits are closer to the figure with minimized thigh circumference, the dart amount decreases, the crotch depth increases, the crotch extensions were shorter, and the angle of the center back increased. The total rise is U shape for culotte and is closer to V shape as the silhouette tightens. T-test of appearance evaluation of the developed pant pattern were conducted after analyzing measurements and shapes of each styles. The results of the developed patterns were superior to existing patterns in accordance to hip line between body and pants as well as appearance evaluation. We found systematic mechanisms among pattern factors that create various pant silhouettes. Evidence on classification of the silhouettes of traditional types of pants were explained objectively through the process of playing out 3D forms.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.157-167
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• 2009

This study deals with the turn penalty functions in the urban transportation demand forecasting. The objectives are to develop the penalty functions of left-turn traffic in the case of signalized intersections, and to analyze the applicability of the functions to the traffic assignment models. This is based on the background that the existing models can not effectively account for the delays of left-turn traffic which is bigger than that of through traffic. In pursuing the above, this study gives particular attention to developing the penalty functions based on the degrees of saturation by simulation results of Transyt-7F, and analyzing the applicability of the functions by the case study of Cheongju. The major findings are the followings. First, two penalty functions developed according to the degrees of saturation, are evaluated to be all statistically significant. Second, the results that the above functions apply to the Cheongju network, are analyzed to be converging, though the iteration numbers increase. Third, the link volumes forecasted by turn penalty functions are evaluated to be better fitted to the observed data than those by the existing models. Finally, the differences of traffic volumes assigned by two functions, which are exponential and divided forms, are analyzed to be very small.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2003

This paper purports to propose a new logic of 3D information structure, based on the analysis of the features of the existing 3D information structures on the web, especially to help designers establish a proper design process and a guideline. So first it is needed to define the 3D information and 3D information transmission in general and to research the features of them. Next, focusing on the 3D information transmission on the World Wide Web, this paper takes a look at various qualities and related technologies of it, to analyze different forms of 3D information and classify them into some logical types of the information structure. Then the issues of the existing 3D information on WWW can be outlined, and with those results, this paper proposes what logic of information structure it should have to make an effective 3D information transmission.