• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.267-272
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• 1994

This work presents a method of optimum design for reinforced concrete building frames with rectangular cross sections. The optimization techniques used is based on the principle of divided parameters. The design variable parameters are divided into two groups, external and internal, and the optimization is also divided into external and internal procedure. This principle overcomes difficulties arising from the presence of two materials in one element, the property peculiar to reinforced concrete. Several search algorithms are tested to verify their accuracy for the external optimization. Among them pattern search algorithms has been found consistent. This work proposes a new method, modified pattern search, and a number of sample problems prove its accuracy and usefulness. Exhaustive search for all local minima in the design spaces for two sample problems has been carried out to understand the nature of the problem. The number of local minima identified is quite more than expected and it has become understood that the researcher's task in this field is to find a better local minimum if not global. The designs produced by the method preposed have been found better than those from other method, and they are in full accord with ACI Building Code Requirments(ACI 318-89).

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1289-1301
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• 2015

Pedestrian detection (PD) is an essential task in various applications and sliding window-based methods utilizing HOG (Histogram of Oriented Gradients) or HOG-like descriptors have been shown to be very effective for accurate PD. However, due to exhaustive search across images, PD methods based on sliding window usually require heavy computational time. In this paper, we propose a real-time PD method for embedded visual surveillance with fixed backgrounds. The proposed PD method employs HOG descriptors as many PD methods does, but utilizes selective search so that it can save processing time significantly. The proposed selective search is guided by restricting searching to candidate regions extracted from Adaptive Gaussian Mixture Model (AGMM)-based background subtraction technique. Moreover, approximate computation of HOG descriptor and implementation in fixed-point arithmetic mode contributes to reduction of processing time further. Possible accuracy degradation due to approximate computation is compensated by applying an appropriate one among three offline trained SVM classifiers according to sizes of candidate regions. The experimental results show that the proposed PD method significantly improves processing speed without noticeable accuracy degradation compared to the original HOG-based PD and HOG with cascade SVM so that it is a suitable real-time PD implementation for embedded surveillance systems.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

Safety critical systems require exhaustive verification of safety properties, because even a single corner-case fault can cause a critical safety failure. However, existing verification approaches are too costly in terms of time and computational resource required, making it hard to be applied in practice. In this paper, we implemented a tool for minimizing the size of the verification target w.r.t. verification properties to check, based on program slicing technique[1]. The efficacy of program slicing using our tool is demonstrated in a case study with a verification target Trampoline[3], which is an open source automotive operating system compliant with OSEK/VDX[2]. Experiments have shown enhanced performance in verification, with a 71% reduction in the size of the code.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 2000

So far, investigation of environmental pollution has been achieved in field study. This remains the most exhaustive approach, current dimensions of environmental researches and their inherent complexity require that relatively inexpensive and simple laboratory procedures are developed to make possible the screening of large numbers of sites and samples. At this point. microbioassay has been high-lighted. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the water pollution using microbioassay. Two microbioassay methods were optimized and validated for the sensitive and quantitative determination of total toxic effects in the water. EROD(Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase) microbioassay was focused to detect PARs, PCBs and dioxinlike components in the water and E-screen assay to xenoestrogens. The EROD microbioassay was executed in rat hepatoma cell line, H4IIE and E-screen assay in MCF7-BUS cell line. Kumho river was selected for this study. 5ι of river water was extracted using combined solid-phase extraction in static adsorption mode with soxhlet extraction. Pollutants adsorbed to the XAD-4 resin were recovered by elution with ethyl acetate and methylene chloride (1 : 9). Toxic effects of extracts were determined by EROD-microbioassay and E-screen assay. EROD activities of water samples were 7.24-72.24 ng/ι MEQ. The estrogenic effect of various water samples is quantitatively evaluated by EEQ. The EEQ of samples range from 0.05 to 6.07 ng-EEQ/ι. These results suggested that Kumho river was highly polluted with organic toxic chemicals.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.229-246
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• 2000

The purpose of this paper is to compare and analyze the two different teaching methods of elementary mathematics in the traditional method and in the constructive view. To do so, the actual class in the constructive view has been made for about four months using a class of 45 students in the second grade of an elementary school. After the class was finished, we collected diverse data from the class, such as the responses from the children(self-evaluation, mathematics diary, observation by the investigator, daily report), class evaluation report by other teacher and so on. The results of this research are as follows: First, the traditional class reaches at the goal of learning in a unit time because the class is guided by the teacher but the class in the constructive view is a little flexible because it is contextual. Second, in the constructive process of mathematical knowledge we knew that small group activities or discussion without intervention of teacher was often ended in exhaustive argument without arriving at valid social consensus. Third, the attitude in mathematics was changed from the passive one to the self-regulated ones. Fourth, the class in the constructive view could extend not only the ability of mathematical communication but also the ability of self-directed learning of children. Fifth, it was a considerable change the role of teacher, that is, guide of instruction instead of unique specialist in the classroom. Sixth, finally, the evaluation was made after finishing a unit class in the traditional instruction but it was integrated in a class in a constructive view.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.529-537
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• 2008

Since concurrent software is hard to debug, the verification of such systems inevitably needs automatic tools which support exhaustive searching. Bounded Model Checking (BMC) is one of them. Within a bound k, BMC exhaustively check some errors in execution traces of the given system. In this paper, we introduce the tool that performs BMC for LTS, modeling language for concurrent programs. In this tool, a property is described by a FLTL formula, which is suitable to present the property with actions in a LTS model. To experiment with existential model checkers and out tool, we compare and analysis the performance of the developed tool and others.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.117-122
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• 2015

Global developmental delay (GDD) is a relatively common early-onset chronic neurological condition, which may have prenatal, perinatal, postnatal, or undetermined causes. Family history, physical and neurological examinations, and detailed history of environmental risk factors might suggest a specific disease. However, diagnostic laboratory tests, brain imaging, and other evidence-based evaluations are necessary in most cases to elucidate the causes. Diagnosis of GDD has recently improved because of remarkable advances in genetic technology, but this is an exhaustive and expensive evaluation that may not lead to therapeutic benefits in the majority of GDD patients. Inborn metabolic errors are one of the main targets for the treatment of GDD, although only a small proportion of GDD patients have this type of error. Nevertheless, diagnosis is often challenging because the phenotypes of many genetic or metabolic diseases often overlap, and their clinical spectra are much broader than currently known. Appropriate and cost-effective strategies including up-to-date information for the early identification of the "treatable" causes of GDD are needed for the development of well-timed therapeutic applications with the potential to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.327-340
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• 2012

The search for a design that meets both performance and safety, with minimal cost and lesser environmental impact was always the goal of structural engineers. In general, the design of conventional reinforced concrete structures is an iterative process based on rules of thumb established from the personal experience and intuition of the designer. However, such procedure makes the design process exhaustive and only occasionally leads to the best solution. In such context, this work presents the development and implementation of a mathematical formulation for obtaining optimal sections of reinforced concrete columns subjected to uniaxial flexural compression, based on the verification of strength proposed by the Brazilian standard NBR 6118 (ABNT 2007). To minimize the cost of the reinforced concrete columns, the Simulated Annealing optimization method was used, in which the amount and diameters of the reinforcement bars and the dimensions of the columns cross sections were considered as discrete variables. The results obtained were compared to those obtained from the conventional design procedure and other optimization methods, in an attempt to verify the influence of resistance class, variations in the magnitudes of bending moment and axial force, and material costs on the optimal design of reinforced concrete columns subjected to uniaxial flexural compression.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.972-981
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• 2009

In this paper, a fed-batch cultivation process in recombinant Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) bacteria, for the production of human soluble catechol-O-methyltransferase (hSCOMT), is presented. For the first time, a straightforward model is applied in a recombinant hSCOMT expression system and distinguishes an initial cell growth phase from a protein production phase upon induction. Specifically, the kinetic model predicts biomass, substrate, and product concentrations in the culture over time and was identified from a series of fed-batch experiments designed by testing several feed profiles. The main advantage of this model is that its parameters can be identified more reliably from distinct fed-batch strategies, such as glycerol pulses and exponential followed by constant substrate additions. Interestingly, with the limited amount of data available, the proposed model accomplishes satisfactorily the experimental results obtained for the three state variables, and no exhaustive process knowledge is required. The comparison of the measurement data obtained in a validation experiment with the model predictions showed the great extrapolation capability of the model presented, which could provide new complementary information for the COMT production system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.125-135
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• 2015

Various methods have been used for safety and reliability as it becomes more difficult to ensure safety owing to the increasing complexity and scale of systems. This study aims at making it easier and more efficient to discuss risks and countermeasures for completeness, review, and knowledge transfer by improving methods to create fault tree analyses which focus on the GSN [1], which are among the methods used to describe assurance cases. More specifically, the purpose of this study is to incorporate strategy and context, GSN concepts, along with reason, which is a new concept, into FTA; the study focuses on three points. One point is support for the safety designer to draw a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive (MECE) FTA. The second is to make it easier to understand diagrams and meanings of FTA compared with the usual methods. The third is to make creating an FTA more efficient and to pass on existing know-how. Eventually, FTA can achieve completeness, review, and knowledge transfer. An introduction is provided in the first section. Next, the methodology covered in this paper is explained in the second section. The third section describes the proposed notation method based on two proposals made in this paper. In the fourth and fifth sections, results and discussion are provided, respectively. Finally, in the sixth section, conclusions are described.