• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.47-60
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• 2023

항만구역 내 선박으로부터 배출되는 온실가스, 미세먼지를 포함한 배기가스에 대한 인벤토리 작성과 관리는 선박 배기가스의 주요 배출물질과 시간 경과에 따른 배출량 수준의 추이를 파악하고, 해양환경과 인간 건강에 미치는 부정적 영향을 줄이는 데 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 서남권에 있는 국가관리 무역항인 목포항계 내 입출항하는 선박으로부터 배출되는 배기가스를 산정하는데 있다. 이를 위해 선박자동식별장치(AIS)와 해운항만물류정보시스템 (Port-MIS)의 정량적 데이터를 기반으로 선박의 움직임을 분석한 상향식 접근법(Bottom-up 또는 Activity-based)을 이용하였다. 특히 본 연구에서는 최근 4년간(2019~2022년) 목포항 입출항 실적이 있는 선박의 제원, 선종, 재항시간 등의 데이터를 수집하고, AIS 데이터를 이용하여 항만 내 부두 접근 과정을 분석하여 선박 움직임(cruising, maneuvering)을 결정하는 접근 방식을 제시하였다. 주요 연구결과로 최근 4년간 목포항 항만구역 내에서 선박으로부터 배출된 배기가스는 11,409톤이었으며, 자동차전용선이 5,329톤으로 가장 많았고, 정박 중에는 목포 신항 부두에서 1,835톤의 온실가스와 미세먼지가 배출되었다. 이 연구는 목포항의 선박입출항수, 처리 물동량과 더불어 환경적인 측면에서 정보관리를 위한 데이터로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.601-614
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• 2013

The commercial charcoal kiln was projected the largest source of biomass burning sector in Korea. Commercial charcoal kiln was operated to emit air pollutants into the air without any air pollution prevention equipment. The object of this field survey was to understand characteristics of air pollutants concentration and emission factors and to provide preliminary data for effective processor from oak charcoal manufacturing process. As result of field survey, TSP, $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ concentration from charcoal kiln were 400~37,000 $mg/m^3$. These values were over the 100 $mg/m^3$ in TSP, this value was effluent quality standard of Clean Air Conservation Act. The average concentration of CO, $SO_2$ and TVOC were 2~5%. 0~110 ppm and 820~10,000 ppm respectively. The emission factors were 42.4 g-PM/kg-oak in TSP, 40.3 g-PM/kg-oak in $PM_{10}$, 38.2 g-PM/kg-oak in $PM_{2.5}$, 182.5 g-CO/kg-oak, 1.0 g-NO/kg-oak, $SO_2$ 0.2 g-$SO_2/kg$-oak and 104.4 g-TVOC/kg-oak. The part of commercial charcoal kiln had air pollution prevention equipment but it was difficult to work properly. Much wood tar excreted in exhaust emissions from oak charcoal manufacturing process. This wood tar was cause of many troubles sticking in the air pollutant prevention equipment. For handling particulate matters and gaseous air pollutants from oak charcoal manufacturing process in biomass burning, air pollutant prevention equipment design and management needs preprocessor for removal wood tar.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.422-434
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• 2016

This study was conducted to understand roles of $NO_x(=NO+NO_2)$ on high $O_3$ episodes at an urban monitoring station in Seoul. Concentrations of NO, $NO_2$, $NO_y$ and $O_3$ were measured intensively at KIST monitoring station which located at urban center in Seoul metropolitan area during May 18~June 13, 2015. Sampling period was planed because high $O_3$ and PM occurred frequently during from late spring to early summer months in Seoul. The experimental site locates in NW from center of Seoul and is surrounded by residential area. Belt highway of the city runs from north to west side nearby experimental site. Vehicle exhaust emissions due to heavy traffic influenced $NO_x$ concentration at the site during northwesterly wind. Specific $NO_2$ concentration was measured by Blue Light photolytic converter, and it was compared to $NO_2$ concentration measured by molybedenum converter. $[NO_2]_{phtolysis}$ was usually lower than $[NO_2]_{molybedenum}$ during the experiment period; however their diurnal variations were very similar. The linear relationship between these $NO_2$ concentrations was found to be $[NO_2]_{phtolysis}$=0.64 $[NO_2]_{molybedenum}$ - 2.6, $r^2$=0.83 during May 16~8, 2015. The difference between $NO_2$ by molybdenum converter and by photolytic converter (${\Delta}NO_2=[NO_2]_{molybedenum}-[NO_2]_{phtolysis}$) accounted for residual $NO_y$ which can represent $NO_z$ (=$NO_y-NO_x$). $O_3$ concentration showed typical daily trend which has maximum at late afternoon and minimum during the night. $O_3$ increased at a rate of 7 ppb/hr since 8 am. and reached the maximum concentration (~80 ppb) at 3 pm.. The diurnal pattern of $O_3$ was inversely related with that of $NO_2$, suggesting that the formation of $O_3$ was the result of photochemical activity of $NO_2$.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.28-36
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• 2018

자가발전 도서는 내연발전 혹은 PV 발전을 이용하여 전력을 공급하고 있는데, 해양환경에 의한 문제점(경년열화, 염해), 환경오염(매연, 소음, 분진) 및 발전비용(설치비, 유지관리비) 상승 등 전력공급 효율성에 대한 문제점이 대두되고 있다. 한전에서 전력공급을 담당하고 있는 65개 자가발전 도서지역의 2016년 원가회수율은 27%에 불과하며 원가의 73%에 달하는 결손액이 발생되고 있다. 이들 도서지역에서 발생한 결손액의 현황을 보면, 발전분야에서 발생하는 비용은 전체의 91% 정도를 차지하고 있고 운영비용인 변동비(연료비)와 고정비(지급수수료, 수선유지비, 기타비용) 중에서 고정비가 차지하는 비율은 60% 정도이다. 즉, 도서지역 발전효율을 향상시키고 운영체계를 효율화시키는 최적 전력공급방안을 마련하여 운영 결손액을 줄일 필요가 있다. 그러므로 거리상 가까운 여러 개의 도서 발전설비를 한 곳으로 통합하고, 인근 도서지역 간 전력공급에 해저케이블을 이용하면 연료 수송 및 설비 유지관리의 간결화를 도모할 수 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 통합운영 경제성 평가를 통하여, 내연발전 및 PV 발전으로 운영되고 있는 근거리 도서간 통합운영에 유효한 해저케이블 포설 방안(1회선, 2회선, 1회선 루프)을 결정하는 알고리즘을 제시한다. 또한, 제안한 알고리즘을 바탕으로 자가발전도서의 독립운전방식과 비교 분석한 결과, 근거리이며 내연발전으로 운영되나 최대부하가 작은 2개 혹은 3개 도서에 있어서 도서간 통합운영이 경제적인 전력공급방안임을 확인하였다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.51-59
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• 1997

In this study, we researched the concentration of nitrogen dioxide($NO_{2}$) and sulfur dioxide($SO_{2}$) of indoor(waiting room) and outdoor(place of getting on the bus) at the bus terminals (Kang-Nam, Dong-Seoul and Nam-Bu) in Seoul to recognize the degree of pollution by exhaust gas of the diesel engine vehicles, and examine the factor that might affect air pollution of terminals. The concentration of $NO_{2}$ and $SO_{2}$ were measured in winter and summer, and the results of the analysis are as follows : The mean concentration of $NO_{2}$ was $57.49{\pm}21.86$ ppb and the concentration of outdoor with $64.10{\pm}27.69$ ppb was significantly higher than the indoor with $50.89{\pm}10.92$ ppb (p<0.05), and the highest with $73.54{\pm}25.54$ ppb at Kang-Nam terminal (p<0.01). The mean concentration of $NO_{2}$ was $62.80{\pm}24.74$ ppb in winter and $52.19{\pm}17.50$ ppb in summer, and had a not statistical difference. The mean concentration of $SO_{2}$ was $31.71{\pm}8.73$ ppb and the concentration of outdoor with $31.04{\pm}8.89$ ppb was similar to the indoor $32.29{\pm}8.70$ ppb, and the highest with $32.57{\pm}9.01$ ppb at Dong-Seoul terminal (p<0.05). The mean concentration of $SO_{2}$ in winter with $39.67{\pm}4.10$ ppb was significantly higher than in summer with $23.76{\pm}2.61$ ppb (p<0.01). The concentration of outdoor $NO_{2}$ at Kang-Nam terminal was 104, 84 ppb in winter and 81.20 ppb in summer, and had a statistical difference compared with the concentration of indoor $NO_{2}$ at Dong-Seoul and Nam-Bu terminals. The concentration of indoor $NO_{2}$ and $SO_{2}$ were higher than that of outdoor at Kang-Nam and Dong-Seoul terminals, but on the contrary, lower than that of outdoor at Nam-Bu terminal. The concentration of $NO_{2}$ and $SO_{2}$ at Nam-Bu terminal were lower than those at Kang-Nam and Dong-Seoul terminals. While the concentration of $SO_{2}$ show the large difference between winter and summer, that of $NO_{2}$ dose not.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.140-146
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• 2005

Fossil fired power plant produces the electric energy by using a thermal energy by the combustion of fossil fuels as like oil, gas and coal. The exhausted flue gas by the combustion of oil etc. contains usually many contaminated species, and especially sulfur-content has been controlled strictly and then FGD (Flue Gas Desulfurization) facility should be installed in every fossil fired power plant. To minimize the content of contaminations in final exhaust gas, high corrosive environment including sulfuric acid (it was formed during the process which $SO_2$ gas combined with $Mg(OH)_2$ solution) can be formed in cooling zone of FGD facility and severe corrosion damage is reported in this zone. These conditions are formed when duct materials are immersed in fluid that flows on the duct floors or when exhausted gas is condensed into thin layered medium and contacts with materials of the duct walls and roofs. These environments make troublesome corrosion and air pollution problems that are occurred from the leakage of those ducts. The frequent shut down and repairing works of the FGD systems also demand costs and low efficiencies of those facilities. In general, high corrosion resistant materials have been used to solve this problem. However, corrosion problems have severely occurred in a cooling zone even though high corrosion resistant materials were used. In this work, a new technology has been proposed to solve the corrosion problem in the cooling zone of FGD facility. This electrochemical protection system contains cathodic protection method and protection by coating film, and remote monitoring-control system.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.195-208
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• 2009

The power plant is well known to influence air pollution as well as emission of green house gas. Because of increasing demand on electricity, the government set up the electric support action plan every 2 years. In this research, the impacts of power plants on the environment and region was studied. The study was focused on the establishment of power plant in Incheon area based on the 3rd electric support action plan. According to the 3rd electric support action plan, almost 80% of power plant in metropolitan area is planned to be built in Incheon area. The main influences of establishment of power plant are emissions of $SO_x$, $NO_x$ and PM and exceed the allocated local industry emissions, which means the emission allocation of other industry is difficult. In additions, the power plant exhaust $CO_2$ much more than other types of fuel such as waterpower generation, atomic power station. Although several supports are given in local government, these cannot cover the whole cost due to establishment of power plant. Subsequently, this study suggest the additional policy based on local consideration is needed and the current electricity distribution system should be reconsidered fundamentally in the lang term.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.255-261
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• 1990

배기가스내 연에 노출될 위험이 가장 큰 직업의 하나인 택시기사들의 혈중연농도를 측정하고 운전경력에 따른 연농도의 분포양상 및 그 상관요인을 규명하여 배기가스내의 연이 택시기사들의 건강에 미치는 영향 및 그로 인한 장애를 예방하기 위해, 1989년 8월 1일부터 동년 8월 31일까지 대구시에 소재한 택시회사 2개소의 남자기사 90명과 대구시내에 거주하는 대조군 50명을 대상으로 면접조사를 하고 정맥혈을 채취하여 원자화무염광로를 부착한 원자흡광광도계로 분석하였다. 택시기사들의 평균혈중연농도는 $26.34{\pm}6.53{mu}g/dl$, 대조군의 경우 $20.77{\pm}4.80{\mu}g/dl$로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.01). 운전경력에 따른 혈중연농도는 유의한 차이가 없었으며 운전경력과 혈중연농도의 상관성은 거의 없었다. 흡연습관과 혈중연농도의 관계에서는 택시기사 및 대조군 모두에서 흡연군이 높은 혈중연농도를 나타내었으나 통계학적으로 유의하지는 않았다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2017

Although most electricity production contributes to air pollution, the vehicle organizations and environmental agency categorizes all EVs as zero-emission vehicles because they produce no direct exhaust or emissions. Currently available EVs have a shorter range per charge than most conventional vehicles have per tank of gas. EVs manufacturers typically target a range of 160 km over on a fully charged battery. The energy efficiency and driving range of EVs varies substantially based on driving conditions and driving habits. Extreme outside temperatures tend to reduce range, because more energy must be used to heat or cool the cabin. High driving speeds reduce range because of the energy required to overcome increased drag. Compared with gradual acceleration, rapid acceleration reduces range. Additional devices significant inclines also reduces range. Based on these driving modes and climate conditions, this paper discusses the performance characteristics of EVs on energy efficiency and driving range. Test vehicles were divided by low / high-speed EVs. The difference of test vehicles are on the vehicle speed and size. Low-speed EVs is a denomination for battery EVs that are legally limited to roads with posted speed limits as high as 72 km/h depending on the particular laws, usually are built to have a top speed of 60 km/h, and have a maximum loaded weight of 1,400 kg. Each vehicle test was performed according to the driving modes and test temperature ($-25^{\circ}C{\sim}35^{\circ}C$). It has a great influence on fuel efficiency amd driving distance according to test temperature conditions.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2005년도 국제학술대회
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• pp.289-292
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• 2005

An imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, in favor of oxidants leading to oxidative stress, is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Isoprostanes are structurally stable isomers of the conventional enzymatically derived prostaglandins, which are produced in vivo primarily by a free radical catalyzed peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In asthmatics, disease severity can occur from environmental exposure to air pollution. Some surveys suggested that air pollutants, especially diesel-exhaust particulates, could trigger allergic sensitization and development of atopic diseases. Sick house syndrome (SHS) presents healthy damage owing to the indoor environment of a building. The aim of this study was to examine isoprostane as a parameter fur oxidative stress in environments related diseases such as sick house syndrome, atopy and asthma. We measured plasma and urinary levels of isoprostane from health volunteers, sick house syndrome, atopy and asthma patients. Plasma isoprostane concentrations in asthma and sick house syndrome group were significantly higher than in control. Urinary isoprostane levels were significantly higher in volunteers with sick house syndrome and asthma compared with health volunteers. These findings suggest that plasma and urinary isoprostane measurement may have useful clinical implications for investigating sick house syndrome and asthma. The interventions that decrease exposure to environmental reactive oxygen species might be beneficial in these diseases.