• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.51-60
• /
• 2012

Optimization procedures of performance analysis for ORC(Organic Rankine Cycle) system are established to the characteristics of low temperature heat sources such as open-type and closed-type. Effective heat recovery and heat extraction related to maximum power of the cycle as well as heat quality and thermal efficiency must be considered in the case of the open-type low temperature heat source. On the other hand, in the case of the closed-type low temperature heat source, only thermal efficiency is important due to constant heat input. In this study, thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency representing a level of close to Carnot cycle are studied, as useful index for the optimization of the ORC system. To validate the results of cycle analysis, those are compared with appropriate experimental data of ORC system as a thermal efficiency point of view.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.574-579
• /
• 2012

본 논문에서는 $CO_2-C_2H_6-N_2$와 $CO_2-N_2$를 각각 적용한 캐스케이드 액화사이클을 새롭게 제안하고, HYSYS를 이용하여 이에 대한 성능 및 엑서지를 분석한 후, 이 사이클이 LNG-FPSO선에 적용가능여부를 확인하였다. 그 분석 결과로부터, 효율적인 측면에서는 $CO_2-C_2H_6-N_2$ 액화사이클이 우수하였고, 엑서지 손실측면에서는 장치 수가 적은 $CO_2-N_2$ 액화사이클이 오히려 높게 나왔다. 그리고 $CO_2-N_2$ 냉매용액화사이클은 기존의 $C_3H_8-C_2H_4-C_1H_4$ 보다 낮은 효율과 높은 압축일량을 보였다. 하지만, $N_2$ 사이클의 효율이 더 개선된다면 액화사이클의 구조가 간단하기 때문에 LNG-FPSO용 액화사이클로서 적합할 것으로 생각된다.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.360-371
• /
• 2003

The calculation of each unit cost of productions is very important for evaluating the economical efficiency and deciding the reasonable sale price. In the present, two methods of exergy costing on multiple energy systems are suggested to reduce the complexities of conventional SPECO method and MOPSA method and to improve the calculation efficiency of exergoeconomics. The suggested methods were applied to a gas-turbine cogeneration and the unit costs of the power and the steam energy were calculated as an example. The main points of our methods are the following three. First, one exergetic cost is applied to one cycle or system. Second, the suggested equations are the internal cost balance equation and the production cost balance equation. Third, necessary states in a system are only inlet and exit states of 1ha components producing energy.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제35권8호
• /
• pp.1001-1008
• /
• 2011

본 논문은 내부 열교환기를 가지는 R744와 R404A용 캐스케이드 냉동시스템의 운전변수에 대한 최적의 설계를 위해서 냉동장치의 성능과 엑서지를 이론적으로 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 고려된 작동변수로는 과열도와 과냉각도, 내부 열교환기와 압축기 효율, 증발 및 응축온도 등이다. 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 캐스케이드 증발온도가 증가할수록 R404A용 고온사이클의 COP는 증가하는 반면에, R744용 저온사이클의 COP는 감소한다. 따라서 이러한 이유로 전체 캐스케이드 냉동사이클의 COP는 거의 일정하다. 또한 캐스케이드 증발온도가 증가할수록 R404A용 응축기와 압축기의 엑서지 손실이 가장 큰 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 R744와 R404A용 캐스케이드 냉동시스템의 COP 향상을 위해서는 R404용 응축기와 압축이의 엑서지 손실을 줄여야만 한다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제50권1호
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 2012

분리벽형 증류탑으로 상용화된 열복합 증류 시스템의 에너지 절약효과와 엑서지 손실을 기존의 3성분 분리 시스템인 2 탑 증류탑의 에너지 사용량 및 엑서지 손실과 비교하였다. 비교에 사용한 예제공정으로 석유화학 공장에서 보편적으로 사용하는 벤젠-톨루엔-m-자일렌 분리 공정을 대상으로 하였다. 본 연구에서는 열복합 증류탑의 설계방법을 제시하고 HYSYS를 이용하여 계산된 에너지 사용량을 비교하였다. 동일한 증류단수를 사용하였을 때 열복합 증류 시스템이 에너지 사용량을 28.2% 절감할 수 있음을 알았으며, 엑서지 손실은 10.4% 더 많았다. 엑서지 손실의 증가는 열복합 증류탑의 양방향 연결 흐름에 의한 증류단 내에서의 추가적인 혼합과 주탑 하부에서의 압력상승에 의한 재비기에서의 온도 상승이 주요 원인이다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.327-334
• /
• 2002

In this study, energy conversion from thermal energy to mechanical power by using n-pentane was tested and exergy variation, cycle number, water quantity pumped and thermal efficiency were analyzed. The energy conversion was done and the water head could be ten meters on the experimental conditions. The operating temperature range of cycle was recommended to be around the liquid-vapour saturation temperature of the working fluid on the viewpoint of the maximum work. The cycle diagram was analyzed by the exergy analysis. For the constant water head, the cycle number was decreased and the water quantity per day was increased and thermal efficiency become higher when the water quantity per cycle become increasing. For the constant pumping water quantity per cycle, cycle number and the water quantity per day was decreased and the thermal efficiency become higher because the saturation temperature become higher when the water head become higher.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.34-45
• /
• 2007

In order to reduce the compression power and to use the overall energy contained in LNG effectively, a combined cycle is devised and simulated. The combined cycle is composed of two cycles; one is an open cycle of liquid/solid carbon dioxide production cycle utilizing LNG cold energy in $CO_2$ condenser and the other is a closed cycle gas turbine which supplies power to the $CO_2$ cycle, utilizes LNG cold energy for lowering the compressor inlet temperature, and uses the heating value of LNG at the burner. The power consumed for the $CO_2$ cycle is investigated in terms of a solid $CO_2$ production ratio. The present study shows that much reduction in both $CO_2$ compression power (only 35% of the power used in conventional dry ice production cycle) and $CO_2$ condenser pressure could be achieved by utilizing LNG cold energy and that high cycle efficiency (55.3% at maximum power condition) in the gas turbine could be accomplished with the adoption of compressor inlet cooling and regenerator. Exergy analysis shows that irreversibility in the combined cycle increases linearly as a solid $CO_2$ production ratio increases and most of the irreversibility occurs in the condenser and the heat exchanger for compressor inlet cooling. Hence, incoming LNG cold energy to the above components should be used more effectively.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한설비공학회 2009년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1191-1196
• /
• 2009

The T-s chart of air displays graphically the thermophysical properties, so it is very conveniently used in various thermal systems. In previous study, the software analyzing 31 kinds of values in water system and 32 kinds of values in air-conditioning system were developed. In this study, the software drawing 13 kinds of quantity of state on air properties as ideal gas and analyzing 25 kinds of values in any air system was developed. The 13 kinds of quantity of state on air properties are temperature, pressure, specific volume, specific internal energy, specific enthalpy, specific entropy, specific exergy, exergy ratio, density, isobaric specific heat, isochoric specific heat, ratio of specific heat, and velocity of sound, and the 25 kinds of values including 13 kinds are mass flow rate, volume flow rate, internal energy flow rate, enthalpy flow rate, entropy flow rate, exergy flow rate, heat flow rate, power output, power efficiency, reversible work, lost work, and relative humidity. The developed software can draw any range of chart and analysis any state or process on air system. Also, this supports various document-editing functions such as power point. We wish to this chart is a help to design, analysis, and education in air system field.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.235-242
• /
• 2018

Hydrogen can be produced by reforming reaction of natural gas (NG) and biogas, or by water electrolysis. In this study, hydrogen production through water-electrolysis needs superheated steam above $700^{\circ}C$ for high efficiency. The production method of hydrogen like this was recommended for the 4-type processes for superheated steam ($700^{\circ}C$, 3 atm) by Bio-SRF combustion furnace. The 4-type processes to produce superheated steam at $700^{\circ}C$ from the heat source of SRF combustion furnace was simulated using PRO II. The optimum process was selected through exergy analysis. The difference of process 1 and 2 is to the order of depressure and heating process to change $180^{\circ}C$ and 7 atm to $700^{\circ}C$ and 3 atm. Process 3 and 4 is to utilize 25% of steam to generate superheated steam and remaining to use for the power generation by steam generator.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.157-164
• /
• 2008

The temperature-entropy diagram of water or vapor displays graphically the thermophysical properties, so it is very conveniently used in various thermal systems. On general T-s chart of water, there are temperature, pressure, quality, specific volume, specific enthalpy, specific entropy. However, various state and process values besides above properties can be plotted on T-s diagram. In this study, we developed the software drawing twenty six kinds of properties, that is temperature, pressure, quality, specific volume, specific internal energy, specific enthalpy, specific entropy, specific exergy, exergy ratio, density, isobaric specific heat, isochoric specific heat, ratio of specific heat, coefficient of viscosity, kinematic coefficient of viscosity, thermal conductivity, prandtl number, ion product, static dielectric constant, isentropic exponent, velocity of sound, joule-thomson coefficient, pressure coefficient, volumetric coefficient of expansion, isentropic compressibility, and isothermal compressibility. Also, this software can analyze and print the system values of mass flow rate, volume flow rate, internal energy flow rate, enthalpy flow rate, entropy flow rate, exergy flow rate, heat flow rate, power output, power efficiency, and reversible work. Additionally, this software support the functions such as MS-Power Point.