• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.101-119
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• 2000

US DoD designated the High LEvel Architecture (HLA) as the standard technical architecture for all military simulation since 1996. HLA will supercede the current Distributed Interactive Simulation(DIS) and Aggregated LEvel Simulation Protocol(ALSP) methods by no funds for developing/modifying non-HLA compliant simulations. The new architecture specifies Rules which define relationships among federation components, an Objects Model Template which species the form which simulation elements are described, and an Interface Specification which describes the way simulations interact during operations. HLA is named as standard architecture in NATO, Australia and many other militaries. Also, it will be IEEE standard in the near future. It goes without saying that ROK military whose simulation models are almost from US must be prepared in areas such as ROK-US combined exercise, training, weapon system acquisition, interface models with C4I system, OPLAN analysis, operations, and os on. In this paper, we propose several effective alternatives and issues for ROK Defense Modeling and Simulation under the transition of new HLA architecture. Those include secure the kernel of new simulation technology and develop our own conceptual model, RTI software, prototype federation for each service and aggregated one. In order to challenge the new simulation architecture effectively, we should innovate our current defense modeling and simulation infrastructure such s manpower, organization, budget, research environment, relationships among academia and industry, and many others.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the activity of the thigh muscle(rectus femoris, vastus medial/ lateralis, hamstring medial/lateralis) which are caused by the change cf lower extremity muscle activity to speed and inclination during forward and backward walking on the treadmill. Method: Twenty healthy young adults were recruited. The subjects were given a warm-up for 1 minute at the speed of 2.0km/h before exercise, and 2km/h to 4km/h from 10% to 4km/h in the frontal and backward walking. Result: In the present study, it was found that the muscle activity of the lateral broad and inward wide muscles increased when the treadmill was backward for 40 seconds without training. And the femur and the muscle were significantly different from 10% to 4km/h(p<.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that in the treadmill, it is effective in increasing the leg strength in the backward walking than in the forward walking. And it was concluded that muscle activity increased at 4km/h when the speed was 2km/h when backward walking.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze the reaction of recovery for the fatigue by sports massage treatment after Taekwondo training and then to verify the effectiveness. Subject : The subjects of this study were all the 20 high school Taekwondo players divided into two groups (rest recovery group and sports massage group) selected by systematic random assignment sampling. Method : The variables were the level of hemoglobin, lactic acid and glucose, and measured at rest, immediately-after exercise and 30-minute recovery. The data from this study were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA, independent sample t-test. Results : The results are as follows ; 1. The measurement of the hemoglobin, there was not the significant differences between experiment group and control group. 2. The lactate showed lower in the experiment group than in the control group in 30-minute recovery (p<.001). 3. The glucose showed lower in the experiment group than in the control group in 30-minute recovery (p<.01). So I think the sports massage treatment is more effective in the relief of fatigue than static rest method during the recovery after sports. However the massage treatment influence on the activation of metabolism according to the intensity and the duration of sports, and vary the effect of treatment according to the method and execution time. Therefore the longitudinal investigation of the variation by the long time massage through the more detailed program must be requisite for us.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 2010

The This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the voice therapy we operated to the patients with age-related dysphonia. Thirty four participants who were diagnosed as age-related dysphonia in laryngoscopic finding from January, 2009 to December, 2009 completed the study. The participants were aged from 60 to 82 years old with a mean age of 70.6. All participants had received the abdominal breath technique, SKHPIP with laughter, and basic vocal training with description of their problem, the length of which ranged from four sessions to twelve sessions. We executed the videostroboscopy to compare the aspect of voicing change and the perceptual assessment, voice range profile, acoustic and aerodynamic measures to identify change of voice. Participants had glottal gap due to incomplete glottic closure during voicing on the pretest. After they took the voice therapy, the glottic gap became narrow and rough and breathy voice was reduced. There were significant difference in acoustic and aerodynamic measures. Jitter, Shimmer, MFR were reduced and MPT, Psub were increased(p<.05). Participants' pitch range and intensity range were increased on the posttest performance after taking voice therapy. Especially, most of them were showed that pitch range was increased significantly in high frequency area. The results of this investigation indicate that the voice therapy using abdominal breath, SKHPIP, and exercise together is effective for the patients who have age-related dysphonia to improve their voice quality. We recommend to apply this technique to functional voice disorders who are showed glottal gap.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.67 no.6
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• pp.794-798
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• 2018

There is a growing need for a care system that can continuously monitor, manage and effectively relieve stress for modern people. In recent years, mobile healthcare devices capable of measuring heart rate have become popular, and many stress monitoring techniques using heart rate variability analysis have been actively proposed and commercialized. In addition, respiratory biofeedback methods are used to provide stress relieving services in environments using mobile healthcare devices. In this case, breathing information should be measured well to assess whether the user is doing well in biofeedback training. In this study, we extracted the heart beat interval signal from the PPG and used the oscillator based notch filter based on the IIR band pass filter to track the strongest frequency in the heart beat interval signal. The respiration signal was then estimated by filtering the heart beat interval signal with this frequency as the center frequency. Experimental results showed that the number of breathing could be measured accurately when the subject was guided to take a deep breath. Also, in the timeing measurement of inspiration and expiration, a time delay of about 1 second occurred. It is expected that this will provide a respiratory biofeedback service that can assess whether or not breathing exercise are performed well.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.245-249
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• 2006

The aim of this study is to design and develop the gait rehabilitation equipment that judge patient's movement of his/her center of gravity using pressure sensors, and to aid hemiplegic patients to balance themselves using an automatic stepper that changes the patient's center of gravity. It is hard to bear the weight on the affected side for hemiplegic patients. The gait rehabilitation equipment detects the footing phase of hemiplegic patient during training and moves the unaffected footing side of the stepper up and moves the affected footing side down simultaneously so that the patient's center of gravity can shift from unaffected side to affected side. The gait rehabilitation system was developed and applied for hemiplegic patients during exercise. Eight hemiplegic patients and one normal adult were studied. The developed gait rehabilitation system could judge not only the normal adult's intention but also the patient's intention to move his/her center of gravity. Even though the most of hemiplegic patients exercised in automatic mode and a few hemiplegic patients exercised in manual mode, the developed gait rehabilitation system can aid the hemiplegic patients to train more easily.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.73-81
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• 2015

Purpose - This study investigated the effects of leaders of national universities on faculty creativity. The study examined transformational leadership and creativity theories and investigated self-efficacy, the parameter between transformational leadership and creativity, to examine its moderating effect and provide policy implications for national universities. Research design, data, and methodology - This study built four hypotheses based on the literature review, and tested these using a survey methodology. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0. Result - At the national universities, the results were as follows: charisma of leaders had a positive influence on member creativity; intellectual stimulus of leaders had a positive influence on member creativity; and, individual consideration of leaders had a positive influence on member creativity. Therefore, leaders' transformational leadership had a positive influence on member creativity. Conclusion - Creativity is thought to be important for organizational survival and continuous development at rapidly changing education administrations. Educational administration leaders should exercise transformational leadership to develop member creativity. Member self-efficacy, which had a mediating effect on creativity, requires leadership to develop it.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.42-52
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• 2019

Background: Whole body-electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) is widely used for the rehabilitation and recovery of patients with various neuromusculoskeletal disorders. Objects: To objectively measure changes in lower extremity and abdominal muscles after sit-to-stand dynamic movement training using WB-EMS. Methods: A total of 46 healthy adults (23 experimental and 23 control subjects) performed sit-to-stand exercise; the experimental group with WB-EMS, and the control group without WB-EMS. The muscle activity of the lower extremity, and the muscle thickness of the lower extremity and abdominal muscles were measured before and after the intervention. Results: In terms of electromyographic activity, there was a significant interaction effect for the rectus femoris (RF) muscle (F=30.212, p=.000). With regards to ultrasonographic imaging, the muscle thickness of the RF muscle had a significant interaction effect at the muscle contraction ratio (F=8.071, p=.007). The deep abdominal muscles, such as the transverse abdominal (TrA) and internal oblique (IO) muscles, also showed significant interaction effects at the muscle contraction ratio (F=5.474, p=.024, F=24.151, p=.000, respectively). Conclusion: These findings suggest that WB-EMS may help to improve the muscular activity of the RF muscle, and the muscle thickness of the RF muscle and deep muscles such as the TrA and IO muscles.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

Purpose: The study evaluated the effectiveness of health promotion program on the physical fitness and quality of life of elderly women receiving home visiting health care services. Methods: There were 122 elderly women participants. The data were collected between March and December 2019. The participants were provided with the 36-weeks health promotion program consisting of health education, such as nutrition, depression, urinary incontinence, fall, oral care, and exercises, such as stretching, weight-bearing exercise, and elastic resistance training. The balance, muscle strength, flexibility, and quality of life were measured before and after the program. The results were analyzed with paired t-test using the SPSS/WIN 26.0 program. Results: The dynamic balance, muscle strength, flexibility significantly increased. Conclusion: The health promotion program positively affected elderly women in terms of physical fitness, but there are limitations to increasing the quality of life of elderly women. Through this study, it is necessary to be supplemented in improving quality of life of elderly women.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.86-92
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of performing squats and kneeling squats on trunk and lower extremity muscle activity in persons with stroke. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Ten persons with stroke (3 male and 7 female) were recruited. The subjects were instructed to randomly perform the 4 different squat conditions: squat with 30 degrees of knee flexion, squat with 60 degrees of knee flexion, squat with 90 degree of knee flexion, and the kneeling squat. During the squat performance, surface electromyograms (sEMG) was used to assess muscle activity of the erector spinae (ES), gluteus maximus (Gmax), gluteus medius (Gmed), and biceps femoris (BF) muscles. Results: Muscle activation of the ES and BF were significantly increased with the kneeling squats compared to the general squats with 30 degrees and 60 degrees of knee flexion (p<0.05), and muscle activation of the Gmax and Gmed were significantly increased with the kneeling squats compared to all other squat conditions (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that the kneeling squat is an effective exercise to strengthen the proximal muscles of the lower extremities. Rather than applying a difficult general squat to the stroke population, the kneeling squat may be applied as a safer method for training the proximal muscles.