• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.96-101
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• 2002

Background: Aerobic training can be defined as any physical exercise that increases the heart rate and enhances the body's intake of oxygen long enough to benefit the condition of body. Running, cycling, and swimming are examples of aerobic activities. This type of exercise optimises immune functions. Recently several experimental findings suggested that the regular swimming training increase immune response, but there have been very few reports which compare warm water exercise with cold water exercise in spleen lymphocytes. Methods: This study was designed to examine the effects of regular swimming training on Index, the number of lymphocytes, proliferative activity and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by splenocytes in BALB/c mice. Thirty six mice (6 week old) were performed 10 weeks of regular swimming training and they were divided into 6 groups according to the regular swimming training (CRG: control resting group, CEG: control exercise group, WRG: warm water trained resting group, WEG: warm water trained exercise group, CORG: cold water trained resting group, COEG: cold water exercise group). Analytical items were weight change, spleen index, the number of lymphocytes, proliferative activity and production of ROS. All data were expressed as mean and standard deviation by using SPSS package program (ver. 10.0). Results: The swimming training significantly decreased body weight, and increased spleen index, the number of lymphocytes and proliferative activity in the presence or absence of Con A and LPS added conditions. For the WRG and CORG, the quantity of ROS from splenocytes was higher than CRG, whereas, ROS by spleen lymphocytes was lower following 90 min acute exercise stress. Conclusion: These results suggested that the swimming training not only increases the number of lymphocytes but also increases proliferative activity by splenocytes in vitro.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.57-71
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• 2002

Cervical pain is a rapid increase that is owing to a flexion-extension whiplash injury, unappropriated posture, chronical repetition injury from abdominal position of head and neck, excessive repeating work, chronical deficiency of excercise. Because of that is bring about muscle unbalance, tightness of cervical extensor muscle, weakness of cervical deep flexor muscles, instability of cervical region and reduction of proprioceptive sensor. Recent the role of muscle is more emphasized for preservation of sine stabilization. And cognition of integrated muscular system, importance for the operation and relation is increased to maintain stability of the motor system and pertinent function. Therefore we are going to introduce the sling exercise and stabilization exercise method for advanced efficient of cervical and upper limb and for the muscle strengthening to importance cervical stabilization through neurological program as control the reaction of cervical stabilization. Sling exercise therapy(SET) concept consists of a system of diagnosis and treatment. The system of diagnosis involves testing the muscle's tolerance through progressive loading in open and close kinetic chains. The SET system contains elements such as relaxation, increasing the range of movement, traction, training the stabilizing musculature, sensory-motor exercises, training in open and close kinetic chains, dynamic training of the mobilizing musculature, cardiovascular exercise, group exercise, personal exercise at home Sensory-motor training is an essential element of the SET concept. The emphasis is on closed kinetic chain exercise on an unstable surface, there by achieving optimum stimulation of the sensory-motor apparatus.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.448-456
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to determine changes in their cardiorespiratory function and body composition in female workers after aerobic exercise and circuit weight training. The subjects of this study were 16 female workers in B city and was divided into exercise and control groups which were composed of 8 people respectively. The members of exercise group had aerobic exercise and circuit weight training an hour a day, 5 days per week, for 8 weeks while controled group did not. Both groups were pretested and posttested, and the results of this study on cardiorespriatory function and body composition are as follows. Exercise group showed significant decrease in heart rate at rest(p<.001). Exercise group showed significant increase in the oxygen uptake at rest, in the maximum oxygen uptake and in the vital capacity(p<.001). Exercise group showed significant decrease in the %fat and fat(p<.001). Exercise group showed significant increase in the %LBM and LBM(p<.001).

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 1986

In an attempt to observe the effects obtained by the regular physical training, nine soldiers performed regularly the rope-skipping for nine weeks. All subjects were healthy and did not experience any special military training Programs. During the course of the training, their cardiopulmonary functions were measured in the resting and the Post-exercise recovery periods, and the values were compared with ones of the pre-trained. The test exercises loaded to the subjects were rope-skipping and step-rising & falling. The results obtained were as follows: 1) By the training, heart rates decreased very significantly in the resting and post-exercise recovery periods. And the effects began to bring out at the early stage, about the 7th day. 2) As the duration of the training increased, the systolic blood pressures decreased meaningfully in the resting and recovery periods. 3) Only in the early recovery phase after the exercise of the rope·skipping, the respiration rates decreased significantly by the training. 4) The lighter the intensity of the test exercise loaded was, the more prominent the effect of the physical training on the cardiopulmonary functions was. The above results suggest that the 9 week training of the rope-skipping would bring about the enhancement of the cardiopulmonary functions.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1969-1974
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• 2020

Background: Early rehabilitation after partial meniscectomy is important to recover the balance of the vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis and prevent pathological problems in the lower extremities and the whole body. Objective: To compare muscle activations for patients after partial meniscectomy. Design: Dual-group Pretest-Posttest Design from the Quasi-Experimental Research. Methods: Twenty participants after partial meniscectomy were recruited and were randomly divided into a Q-setting sensorimotor training group (QSMTG) and Q-setting exercise group (QSEG). Muscle activity of the vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis was measured before and after intervention. Results: In the two groups, the vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis activations increased significantly (P<.05). The Q-setting sensorimotor training group showed more increases than the Q-setting exercise group, and there were significant differences between the groups (P<.05). The activation ratio of the vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis had increasingly significant differences in the Q-setting sensorimotor training group (P<.05), and there were no significant differences between the groups (P>.05). Conclusion: Q-setting exercise with sensorimotor training was a useful method that improved the balance of vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) activity after meniscectomy.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.33-39
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• 2011

Background: The purpose of this study was to verify the most effective spinal stabilization exercise program by comparing the activities of muscles contributing to spinal stabilization during 2 types of exercises using 3-D NEWTON and a Gym-ball. Methods: We divided sixteen healthy students to two groups in D city were recruited and each subjects performed two type of exercise. Exercise 1 was performed 3-D NEWTON spinal stabilization training during 4 weeks (n=8). Exercise 2 was performed special training program that use a Gym-ball during 4 weeks (n=8). Results: The group of 3-D NEWTON applying lumbar stabilization kinetic program was increased 18.8s after training. Conclusions: It was revealed the statically significant difference between 3-D NEWTON and Gym-ball lumbar stabilization exercise groups. Therefore it has been turned out that 3-D NEWTON and Gym-ball lumbar stabilization exercise has an effect on the abdominis and trunk muscle strengthening and balance.

• Journal of Wellness
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.187-199
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• 2012

The purpose of this review was to introduce a new training concept as pneumatic training method and how to apply the principles. Uses the new resistance, especially air powered that invisible, intangible, along with training on how to contribute to broadening their horizons, while attempts have been passed. Provide transition training methods in accordance with the trend of the times, and why these changes may be in the form of outside-free for theoretical consideration. From weight resistance, hydraulic, isokinetic exercise, and to pneumatic training why justification should apply for these training methods are presented also suggested the superiority of pneumatic training. In the near future, newly developed training method will be appear. In conclusion, it will be contribute to sports by concerning and applications to cutting edge training

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.625-632
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of exercise training on nitric oxide (NO) levels, mean arterial pressure (MAP), blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) in college students. 5 subjects were randomly assigned to two experimental groups; an aerobic training group (ATG) and a resistance training group (RTG). In aerobic training, based on measured maximum oxygen consumption rate, 70% exercise intensity was applied and conducted for 60 min. In resistance training, 70% of 1-RM was performed for 90 min. Blood sampling was conducted 3 times during resting state, post-exercise, and after 30 minutes of recovery. The results are as followed. For the post training values of $VO_2max$, % body fat and MAP, there were significant differences in the ATG compared to pre training (p<0.05). However, there were no differences in the RTG between pre and post training. NO increased post training, during rest and at the end of exercise compared to pre training in the ATG (p<0.05). Also, the HR decreased in post training at the end of exercise (p<0.05), however, there were no significant differences in SBP and DBP between pre and post training in the ATG. The HR, SBP and DBP did not change at all in post training compared to pre training in the RTG. In conclusion, an increase in the production of Nitric Oxide (NO) concentration and $VO_2max$, decrease of body fat% and physiological variables (HR, BP, MAP) were shown to be more effective in aerobic training (AT) than resistance training (RT).

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the training and detraining effects of a 8-week water exercise on lower extremities coordination during obstacle gait in the female elderly. Eight elderly participants (age: $76.58{\pm}4.97$ yrs, height: $148.88{\pm}7.19$ cm, body mass: $56.62{\pm}6.82$ kg, and leg length: $82.36{\pm}2.98$ cm), who stayed at the Seoul K welfare center, were recruited for this study. All participants had no history of orthopedic abnormality within the past 1 year and completed the aquatic exercise program which lasted for 8 weeks. To identify the training and detraining effect of 8 weeks of water exercise, a 3-D motion analysis with 7 infrared cameras and one force plate sampling frequency set at 100 Hz and 1,000 Hz, respectively, was performed. A two-way ANOVA was performed to find training and detraining effects among diferent obstacle heights. In this study significant level was set at .05. Significant training effects of LTS (lead foot thigh and shank) coordination in all obstacle height were found (p<.05). It is also found that the training effect of LTS remained 37%, 58%, and 25% in obstacle height of 30%, 40%, and 50%, respectively. Lead foot showed the greater detraining effect of coordination compared with trail foot, and SF (shank and foot) coordination revealed better detraining effects of coordination compare with TS (thigh and shank) in both feet. Based on the findings, a 8 week water exercise give an positive effects to the elderly in terms of segment cooperation which potentially helps reducing their accident falls. The magnitude of detraining may also help the elderly to find the retraining moment.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.153-160
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose the relationship between self-determination, home training satisfaction, and reuse of police-related students who participate in home training and train their physical strength. The subjects of this study were students enrolled in the Department of Police Administration and Police Martial Arts at D, S, and K universities in Busan and Gyeongnam area. Among them, 349 students who had participated in home training were surveyed. As a result of verifying the relationship between self-determination, exercise satisfaction, and reuse factors using the collected data, SPSSWIN VER 25+, AMOS 20.0 program, First, autonomy, competence, and relationship, which are sub-factors of self-determination of home training participants, had a positive effect on home training satisfaction. Second, exercise satisfaction of home training participants had a positive effect on home training reuse. Based on the research results,It is essential to identify and manage what home training participants demand. It is believed that this can be a positive process for the development of home training.