• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.269-275
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the acute aerobic and anaerobic exercise on immune response. Fourteen university soccer players are sampled and divided into two groups -- one group of seven for aerobic exercise, the other for anaerobic exercise. The one group of aerobic exercise went through the Graded Exercise Test of Bruce protocol, using Treadmill, and were driven to be all-out ; the other of anaerobic exercise took the Wingate Test. Blood the respective periods of rest, post exercise, and recovery for ten minutes. The results are as follows. (1) The acute aerobic and anaerobic exercise don't affect monocyte and granulocyte. (2) The change in lymphocyte and NK cell resulting from the acute aerobic and anaerobic exercise shows a significant differences in the three different periods, but not significant differences between the two groups.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.178-184
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• 2013

This study investigates the impact of exercises, coffee intakes, and physical trainings on fuel utilization in rats. Ninety-six rats were fed a control diet with either water (C) or coffee (CF; 0.12 g freeze-dried instant coffee/100 g body weight/d). Additionally, the animals go through physical training (TC and TCF) or no training (NTC and NTCF) for 4 weeks. For physical training, animals have to exercise on treadmills for 30 minutes (5 d per week, $15^{\circ}$ incline, 0.5-0.8 km/h). At the end of week 4, the animals in each group were subdivided into three exercise groups: before exercise (BE), during exercise (DE), and after exercise (AE). The DE rats exercised on treadmills for 1 hour immediately before being sacrificed. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, glucose, glycogen, protein, triglyceride (TG), and free fatty acid (FFA) levels in the plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle of the rats were compared accordingly. Organ weights were also measured. Coffee-training interaction had a significant impact on heart weight, visceral fat, hemoglobin, hematocrit, liver glycogen in DE and AE, and liver triglyceride in DE and AE. Exercise (meaning exercised on a treadmill for 1 hour immediately before being sacrificed) training interaction was significant in liver glycogen, muscle glycogen in control diet and control diet with coffee, FFA and muscle TG levels at control diet with coffee group. Exercise-coffee interactions significantly influenced the FFA with no training groups. Exercise-coffee-training interaction significantly effects on FFA, Liver TG and Muscle TG. Coffee intakes can increase lipolysis during exercising but coffee consumptions delay the recovery of liver glycogen levels in trained rats after exercising. Coffee intakes can increase lipolysis during exercising but coffee consumptions delay the recovery of liver glycogen levels in trained rats after exercising. Coffee can be an effective ergogenic aid during exercise for physically trained rats.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2017

Purpose: This study examined the effects of upper- and lower-limb coordinated exercise with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on stroke patients' recovery of their balancing and walking abilities. Methods: This study was conducted with 30 patients aged at least 60 years and diagnosed with stroke. The patients were randomly assigned to either a PNF upper- and lower-limb coordinated exercise group of 15 patients or an aero-step balance exercise group of 15 patients. To test the subjects' balancing and walking abilities, balancing ability tests and 10-m walking speed tests were conducted before and after the interventions. The patients performed their respective exercises for 30 minutes per session, three times per week for four weeks. The PNF exercise group performed six stages of exercise consisting of a combination of PNF patterns such as sprinting, skating, and striking. The six stages (right striking, right skating, right sprinting, left striking, left skating, and left sprinting) were performed continuously with a rest period of 1 min. after training for 4 min. The exercises for the aero-step balance group consisted of balancing in a two-leg standing position, weight shifting in a two-leg standing position, one-leg standing, squat exercises, marching in place, and squatting on an aero step. Results: The PNF exercise group showed significant improvements in their balancing ability evaluations compared to the aero-step balance group and also showed significant improvements in their 10-m walking speed tests. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, PNF upper- and lower-limb coordinated exercise resulted in clinical improvements of stroke patients' balancing and walking abilities. Therefore, this type of exercise is recommended as a clinical intervention for the recovery of stroke patients' lower-limb function. Future studies should be conducted with longer intervention periods and more subjects to generalize the study results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 1995

Exercise physiology of fish was studied by means of Electro-cardio-gram(ECG) technique with wired electrode system. Effects of swimming activity on the heart rate change for carp Cyprinus carpio was observed and analysed under swimming speeds among 1~3 Body Length/s and swimming durations of 10 and 60 minutes in the flume tank. The heart rate increase during swimming activity was observed in higher speed and longer duration conditions. The exercise effect on the heart rate continued even after fish stopped swimming. The time for recovery after exercise was tended to be elongated with the higher exercise condition.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.39-47
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• 2009

Background: To evaluate the effects of Australian stabilization exercise for chronic low back pain. Methods: Interventions consisted of exercises aimed at recovery of Multifidus in cocontraction with Transverse abdominis through neural control retraining. Results: After exercise, there were significant improvement(p<.05) in pain and disability score. Conclusions: Neural control stabilization exercise can be effective intervention for chronic Low Back Pain patients.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.96-101
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• 2013

Increased waist circumference has shown to be more strongly associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between exercise capacity and cardiovascular risk factors among obese types in adult men. The subjects of this study were a total fifty-four obese persons and obesity criteria is body mass index $(BMI){\geq}25kg/m^2$. Diagnostic criteria for obesity was defined as a waist circumference of ${\geq}90cm$. The BMI in the obese subjects, as judged by the presence or absence of abdominal obesity, were classified into two groups (non-AO: without abdominal obesity group, AO: with abdominal obesity group). AO presented lower total exercise time, metabolic equivalents (METs) than Non-AO. AO showed slow HRR (heart rate recovery) response. HRR was negative correlated with BMI, body fat mass, waist circumference. AO had a high heart rate and a low cardiac output in submaximal exercise stage 1~2. In conclusion, AO's (with abdominal obesity groups) total exercise time, METs and HRR are lower than Non-AO. HRR is related with BMI, body fat mass and waist circumference.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2002

Objectives : To investigate the effects of Saengmaeksan-with-Ogapy on the recovery of fatigue induced by post-swimming exercise. Methods : The lactic acid, creatine phosphokinase(CPK), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and glucose were measured in blood. Results: The result were as follows; 1. The lactic acid levels in Saengmaeksan and Saengmaeksan-with-Ogapy group were immediately decreased at 30 minutes after exercise and statistically showed the significance different from the control group (P<0.005). 2. The CPK activities in Saengmaeksan and Saengmaeksan-with-Ogapy group were immediately decreased after exercise and statistically showed the significant difference compared with the control group (P<0.05). 3. The LDH activities in Saengmaeksan and Saengmaeksan-with-Ogapy group did not show the significant difference compared with the control group. 4. The glucose levels in Saengmaeksan and Saengmaeksan-with-Ogapy group did not statistically show the significant difference compared with the control group. Conclusions So it could be concluded that saengmaeksan and Saengmaeksan-with-Ogapy can recover the fatigue of after exercise.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.93-108
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• 2006

Purpose : To evaluate effects of McKenzie exercise on the functional recovery and forward head posture of chronic neck pain patients. Methods : The subjects were consisted of fifteen patients who had abnormal neck posture, mild neck pain (28 males, 17 females; mean aged 21.9) from 19 to 33 years of age(mean age 21.9). All subjects were received McKenzie exercise for 35 minutes with clinical massage per day three times a week during 4 weeks period. Neck disability index was used to measure functional disability level. Visual analogue scale(VAS) was used to measure subjective pain level. craniovetebral angle(CVA), cranial rotation angle(CRA) was used to measure forward head posture with digital camera. All measurements of each patients were measured at pre-treatment and after 2 week, after 4 week, post-treatment on 2 week. Result : The VAS of McKenzie exercise was significantly reduced between pre-treatment and post-treatment (p<.05) and effects of pain reduce was continued follow 2 weeks. The Neck Disability Index of McKenzie exercise was significantly reduced between pre-treatment and post-treatment (p<.05) and effects of pain reduce was continued follow 2 weeks. The CVA of McKenzie exercise was significantly reduced between pre-treatment and post-treatment (p<.05) and effects of pain reduce was continued follow 2 weeks. The CRA of McKenzie exercise was not significantly reduced between pre-treatment and post-treatment (p<.05). Conclusion : McKenzie exercise improved pain and function of Chronic neck pain patients.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.85-99
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• 2002

This study was conducted to determine whether low intensity regular exercise following steroid treatment could attenuate steroid-induced muscle atrophy. Thirty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $165{\sim}175g$ were divided into six groups ; control group(C), dexamethasone administration group(D), sedentary normal saline administration group(C+Se), exercise after normal saline administration group(C+Ex), sedentary group after dexamethasone administration(D+Se), exercise group after dexamethasone administration(D+Ex). Either dexamethasone(5mg/kg) or normal saline was injected for 7days accordingly. Exercise was started at 10m/min on the $10^{\circ}$ grade treadmill and gradually increased up to 15m/min by the 7th day for 60minutes/day($20min{\times}3$). The data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test using the SPSS WIN 9.0 program. Body weight, muscle weight and myofibrillar protein content of both plantaris and gastrocnemius, Type I, II muscle fiber cross-sectional area of plantaris, and Type II muscle fiber cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius in D group were significantly lower than those of C group(p<0.05) respectively. Hindlimb muscle weight, myofibrillar protein content of both plantaris and gastrocnemius. Type I muscle fiber cross-sectional area of soleus and Type I, II muscle fiber cross-sectional area of plantaris in D+Ex group tended to increase compared to those of D+Se group. Myofibrillar protein content of both plantaris and gastrocnemius, Type I muscle fiber cross-sectional area of plantaris in D+Ex group tended to increase compared to those of C+Se group. Based on these results, it is suggested that regular low-intensity exercise during recovery period after steroid treatment might facilitate the recovery from steroid-induced muscle atrophy.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.17-29
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• 2003

This study was investigated the effects on functional recovery of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage by phonophoresis transdermal permeation of piroxicam gel and observed the change of amplitude at muscle action potential. Through eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage, performed healthy men and women take eccentric resistance exercise and measured action, potentials. The subjects were divided into three groups of four men each 24 hour, 48 hour, 72 hour. The results of this were as follows: 1. Change of maximal action potential at maximal voluntary contraction : The phonophoresis group was increase more than control group and gel group. 2. Change of average action potential at maximal voluntary contraction : The gel group was increase more than control group and phonophoresis group. 3. Change of maximal action potential at pain subthreshold voluntary contraction : The phonophoresis group was increase more significantly than control group and gel group. 4. Change of average action potential at pain subthreshold voluntary contraction : The phonophoresis group was increase more significantly than control group and gel group. In conclusion, the change of muscle action potential amplitude by eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage showed that the phonophoresis by pulsed ultrasound of piroxicam gel was improved the recovery of muscle function.