• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.537-549
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• 2001

The isometric torque of the elbow flexor and extensor muscles were measured for 6 seconds at a joint angle of 90$^{\circ}$ , in 10 normal subjects (control group) and 10 hemiplegic subjects(patient group), using the Cybex NORMTM System. The peak torque, the time to peak torque were measured for each exercise. In addition, heart rate and blood pressure were recorded simultaneously at rest and immediately following exercise completion at 1 and 3m mutes. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 8.0 for Windows software and mean and standard deviations were calculated. The results are as follows. 1) In the patient involved group. the isometric values for flexors and extensors were significantly lower than in the normal nondominant group(p<.05). 2) The extensor to flexor strength ratio in the isometric mode was 121.0% in the patient involved group compared with 78.7%in the normal nondominant group, a significant difference(p<.05). 3) The mean increment ratio was increased 19.0% for systolic blood pressure and 25.2% for disatolic blood pressure in the patient group. 4) The mean increment ratio was increased 36.0% heart rate in the patient group.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.76-81
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• 2001

This paper place the focus the development of treadmill for rat in order to verify the effectiveness of exercise therapy. Up to now, in many medical laboratories treadmill have had to be remodeled for experiments with animal. Thus, it is necessary to develop the treadmills for animals only including rats. The treadmill has a DC motor which can make 600 revolutions per minute(600 RPM) and tension of the belt of the treadmill can be adjusted to prevent shift of the belt to any side. Velocity can be selected from 10m to 30m per minute increasing by 1m. The motor is controled by pulse width modulation(PWM) control mode using a 8bit microprocessor. In the future, the roller and motor need to be combined for improvement of stability and decrease of noise.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.968-975
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• 2009

The purpose of the present study was to examine effects of different exercise training modes (Aerobic Training, Resistance Training) on exercise specificity and transability. The tested subjects, composed of 10 healthy males without known family history or medical illnesses, were divided into two groups: Aerobic Training Group (ATG; n=5) and Resistance Training Group (RTG; n=5). An aerobic training program, based on maximum oxygen consumption rates taken during standard testing, was conducted in 60 minute sessions 3 times a week, and the Heart Rate Reserve (HRR) at 70% of maximum oxygen consumption rate was measured the using Polar. In the weight training program, based on repetition maximum rate (1-RM) taken during standard testing, the weight at 70% of such rates was measured during 60 minute sessions of 7 categories of exercise (Bench press, Leg press, Squat, Shoulder press, Arm curt Lat pull down, Triceps pull down), conducted 3 times a week. The data collected from this research were calculated to obtain average and differences compared to standards using an SPSS 11.0 statistics package. In conclusion, increase in V0$_{2max}$ and production of NO$_x$ (NO$_2$/NO$_3$), reduction of %fat, MAPwere shown effective in aerobic training and in different exercise tests, and aerobic testing within the aerobic training group (ATG) was shown to be more effective. In contrast, resistance training was shown to be more effective for the reduction of CK and LDH, and even in different tests, the resistance test within the resistance training group (RTG) showed to be more effective. Exercise specificity also significantly increased in both groups (ATG, RTG). but there was no significant difference in transability in both groups (ATG, RTG).

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.523-528
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• 1999

Subaortic stenosis in a 2.9kg, 3-month-old pug dog and a 11 kg, 4-month-old Rott -weiler dog showing signs of dyspnea, tachypnea, anorexia, exercise intolerance and depression was diagnosed with electrocardiography, thoracic radiography and ultrasonographic evaluation. In electrocardiography, PR interval widening, R wave amplitude increase in lead II in case 2, ST segment depression and left axis deviation in case 1 and 2 were identified. In thoracic radiographs, enlarged left ventricle and atrium, caudal displacement of left crus of diaphragm and caudal part of cranial mediastinum widening were identified in ventrodorsal view. In lateral view, left ventricular enlargement, secondary dorsal deviation of trachea and post-stenotic dilation of aorta were seen. Also, edematous pulmonary changes were shown in peri-hilar area. In ultrasonographic examination, left ventricular dilatation, pericardial effusion and subaortic valvular ridge were seen with real time B-mode in right parasternal long axis view. Aortic valve regurgitation was identified in color-Doppler mode.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.278-292
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• 2023

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the effects of thoracic joint mobilization and breathing exercises on diaphragmatic thickness, chest expansion, respiratory function, and endurance in patients with chronic stroke. Design: Randomized controlled trial Methods: The study included 24 chronic stroke patients who were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group (12 people) performed 15 minutes of thoracic joint mobility exercises and 15 minutes of breathing exercises, three times a week for 6 weeks, 30 minutes each time. The control group (12 people) received 15 minutes of conservative physical therapy and 15 minutes of breathing exercises, 3 times a week for 6 weeks, 30 minutes per session, the same as the experimental group. The experimental and control groups performed the same breathing exercises. To assess training effectiveness, changes in diaphragm thickness, chest expansion, respiratory function, and endurance were measured. Results: As a result, the experimental group exhibited significant improvements in diaphragm thickness, chest expansion, and respiratory function. The endurance mode also displayed significant enhancement (p<0.05), a finding consistent with the control group. However, the experimental group displayed more substantial improvements in non-affected diaphragm thickness and thoracic expansion compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Drawing from these findings, breathing exercise which combine thoracic mobilization, will be actively utilized in addition to physical therapy interventions in clinical trials as an effective intervention method.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.129-134
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the changes in pulmonary function, gait ability, and quality of life when NMES is applied along with CBE and to provide basic clinical data to be used in pulmonary rehabilitation guidelines for patients with COPD to treat patients with severe COPD. Methods: For this study, CBE and NMES of quadriceps femoris on both sides were applied to the experimental group (n=10), and only CBE was applied to the control group (n=10). For a pre-test, a 6-minute walk test was performed, and pulmonary function and health-related quality of life were measured. Moreover, an exercise program was applied to each group for 30 minutes per session, 5 times a week, for 6 weeks. After that, a post-test was conducted the same way as the pre-test. Results: In the within-group comparison, there were significant differences in forced expiratory volume in one second, 6-minute walk test and health-related quality of life between the experimental group and the control group (p<0.01)(p<0.05). In the between-group comparison, the experimental group showed an increase in forced expiratory volume in one second and 6-minute walk test (p<0.05) and showed a decline in health-related quality of life (p<0.05). Conclusion: The 6-weeks NMES program improved health-related quality in patients with severe COPD by increasing expiratory volume by reinforcing the function of quadriceps femoris. This finding implies that NMES could be an alternative mode for improving physical functions of patients with severe COPD, who cannot participate in a breathing exercise program or are reluctant to participate.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.331-339
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• 2013

The Interest in disease prevention and rehabilitation is increasing depending on increase of patients with spinal. This is being developed using the spine stabilization device is being studied. So far studies have only evaluated the effect on trunk stabilization exercises but analysis of human movement patterns for active movement and passive movement did not. We assessed the muscle activity of trunk and leg muscle during passive and active tilt mode on eight tilt directions at tilt angle of $30^{\circ}$ using 3-D dynamic postural balance training system. We performed experimental study on the muscular activities of trunk muscle about rectus abdominis, external obliques, latissimus dorsi, erector spinae, and leg muscle about rectus femoris, Biceps femoris, Tibialis Anterior, gastrocnemius. As a result, muscle activation was different depending on the direction of movement and pattern. The results indicate that various patterns of spinal stabilization exercise system could be applied to an effective training of chronic low back pain patients.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.115-119
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• 2007

In this paper, a flow visualization analysis has been carried out on an oscillating square section cylinder, numerically, using a commercially available code CFD-ACE. In this study, the square cylinder is forced to oscillate at different frequencies of excitation, viz., fe/fo=0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 (where, fe is the excitation frequency provided to the cylinder and fo is the natural vortex shedding frequency from the stationary cylinder at a particular Reynolds number (=5200). In all the cases, the peak-to-peak amplitude of oscillation is kept at 32% of the side dimension of the square cylinder. These studies are conducted to understand the influence of frequency of oscillation on the flow field features around the cylinder, particularly the mode of vortex shedding. Results indicate that, the flow field around a square cylinder is very much influenced by the excitation frequency, in particular the vortex shedding mode. It is also found that, the vortex street parameters are significantly influence by the oscillation frequency. Comparison with earlier reported experimental studies has also been attempted in this paper. In appears that, such a numerical exercise (as performed in this paper) is first of its kind. It is believed that, these studies would enable one to understand the mechanisms underlying the flow-induced vibrations of a square section cylinder.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.245-249
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• 2006

The aim of this study is to design and develop the gait rehabilitation equipment that judge patient's movement of his/her center of gravity using pressure sensors, and to aid hemiplegic patients to balance themselves using an automatic stepper that changes the patient's center of gravity. It is hard to bear the weight on the affected side for hemiplegic patients. The gait rehabilitation equipment detects the footing phase of hemiplegic patient during training and moves the unaffected footing side of the stepper up and moves the affected footing side down simultaneously so that the patient's center of gravity can shift from unaffected side to affected side. The gait rehabilitation system was developed and applied for hemiplegic patients during exercise. Eight hemiplegic patients and one normal adult were studied. The developed gait rehabilitation system could judge not only the normal adult's intention but also the patient's intention to move his/her center of gravity. Even though the most of hemiplegic patients exercised in automatic mode and a few hemiplegic patients exercised in manual mode, the developed gait rehabilitation system can aid the hemiplegic patients to train more easily.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.1384-1390
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• 2012

It is well known that the exercising and stimulating of fingers have an important bearing on the brain. We take note of the fact and develope a game device for improving one's health and brain ability in respect of the education and training. Especially, we develope the device focused on the balanced exercising of five finger for improving brain function. The game device is possible to used in two-ways, namely online and off-line mode. In online mode, the device is connected with other visual devices such as smart phone and smart TV and communicated with Bluetooth and it is used as a MMI(multi-modal interface) device. Whereas, in off-line mode the game device works independently and it makes possible to enjoy auditorial and tactual games without video images for promotion of brain activity and emotional cultivation. For certification of the device, we implement two games(a fishing game for off-line mode and a shooting game for online mode) for people of all age, especially good for the elderly. It is usable as a game device to offering the elderly a great help for preventing impairment of the cognitive functions.