• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.118-129
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• 2002

Nutrition is important in the management of diabetes mellitus, however, there are few little education materials specifically designed for older adults. The objective of this study was to develop nutrition education materials for prevention and management of diabetes moll for older adults. Materials developed were a booklet and four leaflets. The contents of materials were based on lesson plans. After several revisions of the draft of materials, illustrations and icons appropriate to the contents were designed using illustrator 9.0 and Photoshop 6.0. The booklet was composed of five chapters and 40 pages. The first chapter began with an introduction about diabetes and diabetes management by diet, exercise and medication. The second chapter dealt with ideal body weight, calculation of adequate caloric intake and food exchange list. The third chapter provided information for meal planning and sample menus. The fourth chapter focused on practical tips on nutritional care of diabetes, by providing tips on reducing sugars, fat and salt, and suggestions on eating for special occasions. The fifth chapter dealt with information in case of low blood sugars, exercise and foot care. The topics of the four leaflets were “Diabetes, what is it and care”, “Food exchange list and meal planning”, “Healthy eating for diabetes”, “Special care for diabetes low blood sugars, exercise and foot care” Each leaflet was composed of six sections and was printed in large paper (B4 size) for older adults. The draft of educational materials were re-viewed by four nutrition professionals and finally pilot-tested with ten adults aged 50 and older. The characteristics of the developed materials are as follows, i) messages are delivered using simple, specific information, ⅱ) messages focused on practical applicable tips, ⅲ) various pictures, illustrations and artwork were created and inserted to enhance understanding and interest, ⅳ) sections including risk factor assessment, calculation of ideal body weight and meal planning were designed to induce the user's participation, ⅴ) sample menus and food pictures were inserted in the booklet, vi) characteristics of older adults and transformed characteristics are diversely used to help the user feel familiarity. These materials are self-explanatory and can be used by older adults. These materials also can be used widely in nutrition education at public health centers or senior centers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1895-1903
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• 2013

Background: It is well established that a healthy lifestyle is of benefit in the prevention of diseases such as cancer and promotion of well-being. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine lifestyle practice and associated factors among university students in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted over six months from November 2011 until May 2012 among the students from the Management and Science University. This study was approved by its ethical committee, the students being explained the objective and invited to participate. A consent form was signed by all study participants. Questionnaire was distributed randomly to the students of the five faculties through their lecturers in different faculty. For univariate analysis t-test and ANOVA test were performed. Multiple linear regression used for multivariate analysis using SPSS 13.0. Results: A total number of 1100 students participated with a mean age of $22.1{\pm}2.21$ (SD) years. The majority were 22 years or younger (56.3%), female (54%), Malay (61.5%), single (92.3%), with family monthly income ${\geq}5000$ Ringgit Malaysia (41.2%). Regarding lifestyle, about were 31.6% smokers, 75.6% never drank alcohol and 53.7% never exercised. Multivariate analysis showed that age, sex, race, parent marital status, participant marital status, type of faculty, living status, smoking status, exercise, residency, brushing teeth, fiber intake and avoid fatty food significantly influenced the practice of drinking alcohol among university students (p=0.006, p=0.042, p<0.001, p=0.003, p=0.002, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.003, p<0.001; respectively). It similarly showed that sex, race, parent marital status, participant marital status, monthly family income, exercise, residency, brushing teeth and fiber intake significantly influenced the practice of sun protection (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.017, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001; respectively) and that age, sex, parent marital status, participant marital status, type of faculty, living status, exercise, taking non-prescribed medication, brushing the teeth, coffee consumption and fiber intake were significantly influenced the practice of fruits consumption (p=0.008, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.002, p<0.001, P<0.001; respectively). Conclusions: This study showed a poor practice of healthy lifestyle among university students. Therefore universities should emphasize a healthy lifestyle in all faculties as a required subject. Socio-demographic characteristics significantly influenced practice and thus should be considered when planning preventive measures among university students. Frequent campaigns and educational seminars are to be encouraged.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.654-663
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the lifestyles of food habits of college students relate to constipation. The results were as follows 1) All the total respondents were 541 college students.220 (40.8%) respondents were male and 321 (59.2%) respondents were female. Based on their BMIs, 55.5% of the female respondents were under-weight (BMI < 20), 16.8% of the male respondents were under-weight, as well. These results point out the fact that a high percentage of female college students are under-weight, compared to male of students. 2) Of the respondents, 59.0% reported having 1 or 2 meals per day, but their eating patterns were irregular. Of the respondents, 71.2% preferred white rice with their meals. Of the respondents,51.2% reported that they skipped breakfast. The main reasons why these respondents skipped breakfast were either that they were in a busy (44.7%), or it was their habit (38.4%). The response that their meals were nutritionally balanced was 34.6%, and the student who thought that their own meal pattern was healthful was 8.0%. 3) This research also focused on body image among female college students, and the results indicate that the majority of female respondents (62.5%) felt that they were overweight (very fatty or fatty) and 90.1% of the female respondents indicated they were interested in dieting (interest or very interest). Most of the students were involved in light or medium activity (94.2%) or no exercise (75.6%). The ratio of those who exercised was everyday only 33.6%.4) Of the respondents,48.7% reported that they had difficulty evacuating (every time very difficult, every time difficult and sometimes difficult) and 50.3% of the students reported that their bowel movements were irregular. 5) Of the females,8.2% and Of the males,0.5% were regarded as constipated.6) The life habit factors that influenced constipation were skipping breakfast, the amount of water intake and exercise.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in Korean postmenopausal women. The data from 2008-2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were used for data analysis. Subjects were 2,701 postmenopausal women aged ${\geq}50$ years. BMDs at whole body, total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were measured by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Dietary data from 24-hour dietary recall and a food frequency questionnaire containing 63 food items were used. The proportions of osteopenia at total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were 37.4%, 54.5%, and 45.4%, respectively. The proportions of osteoporosis at total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were 6.2%, 25.6%, and 34.3%, respectively. Age, anthropometric index including height, weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI), parathyroid hormone, and physical activity were related to BMD, but the relationships were site specific. Total femur BMD was explained by age, weight, parathyroid hormone and intakes of carbohydrate and fruits. Femoral neck BMD was related to age, weight, parathyroid hormone and intakes of riboflavin and fruits. Lumbar spine BMD was associated with age, weight, milk and dairy products, calcium intake, and exercise. These results indicated that adequate intakes of milk and dairy products, fruits, carbohydrate, calcium, riboflavin and exercise as well as weight maintenance might play an important role in maintaining optimum bone health in Korean postmenopausal women.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.826-836
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• 2010

본 연구는 삼육대학교에 재학 중인 20~24세의 여대생 253명을 대상으로 전공에 따라 일반(인문계 및 이공계) 전공자(77명), 식품영양학 전공자(103명) 및 체육학 전공자(73명)로 분류하여 이들의 식습관, 영양소섭취상태, 건강습관 및 신체계측 조사를 통하여 차이점을 분석하였다. 전체 여대생들이 한 달 동안 쓰는 용돈으로는 20~30만원이 가장 많았다. 여대생들의 평균 신장은 162.3${\pm}$4.7 cm, 평균 체중은 52.2${\pm}$5.1 kg이었으며, 평균 체질량지수는 19.8${\pm}$1.8 kg/$m^2$로 조사되었다. 전체 여대생들의 평소 식사시간의 규칙성을 보면, 17.8%만이 규칙적이라고 답한 반면에, 29.3%는 평소의 식사시간이 불규칙적이라고 답하였다. 여대생들의 30.0%가 아침식사를 하는 것으로 조사되었고, 조사대상자의 13.1%는 아침식사를 전혀 하지 않는 것으로 조사되었으며, 여대생들이 아침식사를 하지 않는 이유로는 <아침시간이 바빠서>라고 답한 응답자가 55.6%를 차지하였다. 전체 여대생 중 과식을 하지 않는 여대생은 17.0%였고, 과식을 자주하는 여대생은 14.6%로 조사되었으며, 과식을 하는 이유로는 60.0%가 <좋아하는 음식이 많아서>라고 답하였다. 전체 조사대상자의 외식을 자주하는 비율은 43.0%나 되었고, 외식을 할 때 선호하는 음식의 종류로는 세 군 모두 한국음식이 55.2%로 가장 높았다. 전체 여대생의 91.2%는 편식을 하는 것으로 조사되었으며, 편식을 하는 이유로는 65.6%가 <그냥 아무이유 없이>라고 답하였다. 간식을 전혀 하지 않는 여대생은 12.0%로 조사되었으며, 본 연구에서 간식을 1~2회 한다는 여대생은 76.9%로 조사되었다. 전체 조사대상자의 영양소의 섭취 실태는 엽산을 제외한 모든 영양소를 과잉 섭취하는 것으로 조사되었다. 여대생의 48.8%가 운동을 한다고 답하였으며, 일주일 동안의 운동 횟수는 일주일에 1~2번 하는 경우(40.2%)가 가장 많았다. 영양제 복용 여부를 묻는 질문에 전체 조사대상자의 25.4%가 영양제를 복용하는 것으로 조사되었으며, 복용하는 영양제의 종류로는 세 군 모두 비타민 제제를 가장 많이 섭취하고 있었다. 일반(인문계 및 이공계) 전공자의 53.2%는 한 달 동안 쓰는 용돈으로는 20~30만 원이라고 답하였다. 일반(인문계 및 이공계) 전공자의 22.1 %는 평소에 식사시간이 규칙적이라고 답하였으며, 28.6%는 매일 아침식사를 한다고 답하였다. 일반(인문계 및 이공계) 전공자의 경우 특히 다른 두 군에 비해 과식, 외식 및 편식을 하지 않는 비율이 높게 조사되었다. 간식의 경우 일반(인문계 및 이공계) 전공자의 경우 과일을 섭취(26.1%)하는 비율은 낮았으며, 영양소 섭취 중 나트륨의 섭취량이 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 식품영양학 전공자의 16.5%는 평소에 식사 시간이 규칙적이라고 답하였으며, 아침식사를 매일 한다고 답한 비율도 30.1%였다. 식품영양학 전공자는 간식으로 다양한 식품을 섭취하고 있었으며, 섭취하는 영양소로는 vitamin C와 vitamin E의 섭취량이 높게 조사되었다. 또한 복용하는 영양제 중 비타민 제제(70.8%)를 다른 두 군에 비해 가장 많이 섭취하는 조사되었다. 체육전공자는 방과 후에 각종 운동시설에서 시간제로 아르바이트를 하는 것으로 조사되었으며, 다른 두 군에 비해 용돈으로 사용되는 비용이 많은 것으로 조사되었다. 신체계측 결과 체육전공자는 전체 여대생의 평균 신장에 비해 2.0 cm 더 크게 조사되었다. 체육전공자는 식사시간이 불규칙적이었으나, 31.5%는 매일 아침식사를 한다고 답하여 다른 군에 비해 아침을 잘 챙겨 먹는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 과식과 편식을 하지 않는 비율이 높은 편이었으며, 간식 섭취에 있어서 체육전공자는 패스트푸드 및 튀김류의 섭취가 낮은 편이었으나, 우유 및 유제품의 섭취는 높은 편이었다. 영양소 섭취 실태를 보면, 열량, 지방, vitamin A, $B_1$, $B_2$, $B_6$, 나이아신, 철, 인 및 콜레스테롤의 섭취가 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 체육을 전공하는 여대생은 94.5%가 운동을 하는 것으로 조사되어 다른 두 군에 비해 운동량이 많았다. 따라서 본 연구 결과에서도 여전히 전체 여대생들의 식생활 문제점으로는 이미 선행연구에서 제시 했다시피 식사시간의 불규칙성, 아침 식사의 결식, 과식과 편식하는 습관, 가공식품과 패스트푸드 위주의 간식 섭취 및 영양소의 불균형적인 섭취가 문제시되었다. 이를 해결하기 위해서는 실생활에서 쉽게 이용할 수 있는 체계적인 영양교육의 실시가 시급하며, 식품영양학 수업자체가 이론적인 지식에서만 끝나는 것이 아니라 누구든지 자신의 건강을 유지하기 위해 식생활을 잘 실천할 수 있도록 지도하여야 할 것이다. 또한 이상의 모든 결과를 종합하여 판단할 때, 식품영양학을 전공한 여대생들이 다른 군에 비해 식습관과 영양상태 및 건강습관이 우수하다고 볼 수는 없었다. 즉, 식품영양학을 전공한 여대생의 경우 전공시간에 배운 여러 가지 영양교육 및 영양지식 등을 실생활과 접목시켜 활용하는데 있어서 부족한 점이 많은 것으로 조사되었다. 오히려 체육을 전공하는 여대생들은 영양소를 과잉 섭취하였지만, 그만큼 운동을 통해 에너지를 소비하는 것으로 조사되었다. 일반(인문계 및 이공계) 및 체육학 전공자들이 쉽게 접할 수 있는 다양한 영양교육 프로그램의 개발이 요구되며, 학교 내에 식품영양학 수업의 개설을 통해 누구나 식품영양학 수업을 들을 수 있는 좀 더 많은 기회가 제공되어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.729-738
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• 1998

Background and purpose : Stroke is a leading cause of death in Korea. Early measures to prevent stroke are extremely important since it has no cure. Korean might have different risk factors since their dietary habits and socio-economical status differ from most western countries. However, the risk factors for stroke in Korea have not yet been identified. Moreover, the lifestyle of healthy Korean adults has not been investigated. In this study we investigate the lifestyle of healthy adults living in Seoul and rural areas and compare the lifestyles of the two. Methods : One hundred seventy one subjects were studied. Among the subjects studied, 128 were from Seoul, the other 43 were from the country area. The age of the subjects was limited to over 40 years. Blood pressure, fast blood sugar, and cholesterol were measured. The subjects' height, weight, body mass index, total body fat, skinfolds thickness of triceps, subscapular and abdomen were measured to determine obesity. Using a structured interview, we assessed : sodium intake, physical activity and exercise, consumption of vegetables, fat, fish and fruits. The results of the two groups were compared. Results : There were no statistical differences in age and education between the two groups of subjects. The mean age of the subjects were 66 years old. The subjects residing in rural areas had a higher intake of sodium(p<0.05), lower physical activity(P<0.05), and higher BMI and body fat (p<0.05) as compared to the subjects in Seoul. Subjects with hypertension were between 24% and 33% and the prevalence of hypertension was the highest when compared to the prevalence of DM or hypercholesterolemia. However, the prevalence of hypertension, DM, hypercholesterolemia, were not significantly different in these areas. Conclusion : Our results show that subjects living in rural areas eat more salty food, exercise less, and tend to be obese. The finding of this study lead to speculation that Korean living in rural areas have less information about the effects of diet on health than city dwellers do. General health and nutrition education programs aimed at the prevention of stroke and other such conditions for rural area Koreans may close the risk factor gap between rural and urban dwellers.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.504-514
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to assess the bone mineral density (BMD), biochemical bone turnover markers (BTMs), and factors associated with bone health in young Korean women. Methods: Participants were 1,298 women, ages 18-29, recruited in Korea. Measurements were BMD by calcaneus quantitative ultrasound, BTMs for Calcium, Phosphorus, Osteocalcin, and C-telopeptide cross-links (CTX), body composition by physical measurements, nutrients by food frequency questionnaire and psychosocial factors associated with bone health by self-report. Results: The mean BMD (Z-score) was -0.94. 8.7% women had lower BMD ($Z-score{\leq}-2$) and 14.3% women had higher BMD ($Z-score{\geq}0$) than women of same age. BTMs were not significantly different between high-BMD ($Z-score{\geq}0$) and low-BMD (Z-score<0) women. However, Osteocalcin and CTX were higher in women preferring caffeine intake, sedentary lifestyle and alcoholic drinks. Body composition and Calcium intake were significantly higher in high-BMD. Low-BMD women reported significantly higher susceptibility and barriers to exercise in health beliefs, lower bone health self-efficacy and promoting behaviors. Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that bone health of young Korean women is not good. Development of diverse strategies to intervene in factors such as exercise, nutrients, self-efficacy, health beliefs and behaviors, shown to be important, are needed to improve bone health.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.756-769
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• 2017

Purpose: To identify the effects of a smart program for the patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (SP-PCI) on coronary disease-related knowledge, health behaviors, and quality of life. Methods: A nonequivalent control group with a non-synchronized design was utilized and 48 participants (experimental=22, control=26) were recruited from a university hospital in Gyeongsang area from May to December, 2016. The 12-week SP-PCI consisted of self-study of health information using smart phone applications (1/week), walking exercise (>5/week) using smart band, feedback using Kakao talk (2/week), and telephone counseling (1/week). Patients in the control group received usual care from their primary health care providers and a brief health education with basic self-management brochure after the PCI. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 program through descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test, and t-test. Results: After the 12-week SP-PCI, the experimental group showed higher levels of coronary disease-related knowledge (t=2.43, p=.019), heart-related health behaviors (t=5.96, p<.001), regular exercise (Z=-4.47, p<.001), and quality of life-MCS (t=3.04, p=.004) and showed lower levels of stress (Z=-3.53, p<.001) and sodium intake (t=-4.43, p<.001) than those in the control group. There were no significant group differences in medication adherence and food intake in total energy, lipids, and cholesterol. Conclusion: The suggested SP-PCI provided easy access and cost-effective intervention for patients after PCI and improved their knowledge of the disease, performance of health behaviors, and quality of life. Further study with a wider population is needed to evaluate the effects of SP-PCI on disease recurrence and quality of life for patients after PCI.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.214-225
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• 2020

Objectives: This study examined the effects of nutrition counseling by the nutrition care process (NCP) on diet therapy practice and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: The survey was conducted on 49 patients whose hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level ranged from 6.5% to below 10% among patients aged 30~60s with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrition counseling by the NCP process was carried out twice: first nutrition counseling and follow up counseling. The questionnaires were composed of 54 questions in five fields (general characteristics, health-related behaviors, diet therapy-related items, dietary life, diet therapy-related knowledge, diet therapy-related barriers). Nutrition intervention in nutrition counseling was performed based on the individualized diagnosis of NCP. Results: All the subjects practiced self-monitoring of their blood glucose levels, regular exercise, and diet therapy after NCP-based nutrition counseling. Diet therapy-related knowledge and practice by the subjects were improved after nutrition counseling. While the intake of boiled white rice decreased, the intake of boiled brown rice and barley rice in the subjects increased significantly. After nutrition counseling, the weight and HbA1c of the subjects decreased. Conclusions: These results suggest that personalized nutrition counseling by NCP process is effective for diet therapy compliance and glycemic control of type 2 diabetic patients.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a weight control programs on BMI, nutrition knowledge, physical fitness and stress level of adult obese women. The subjects of this study were 36 adult obese women aged 30-65 years whose BMI were above $23\;kg/m^2$. The weight control program for obese women included nutritional education, exercise and cognitive behavioral therapy for 12 weeks. The BMI of the subjects was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) from $27.1\;kg/m^2$ to $26.4\;kg/m^2$ after the 12 weeks of the weight control program. In addition, the weight of body fat was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) and % body fat was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) from 35.4% to 34.9% after completion of the weight control program. In addition, nutritional knowledge (p < 0.001) and eating behavior scores (p < 0.01) were significantly increased. However, the food intake scores were not changed after the program. Stress levels of the adult obese women were significantly decreased (p < 0.001) from 85.63 to 66.88 and also obesity stress levels were significantly decreased (p < 0.01) after the weight control program. In the physical fitness levels of the subjects, muscle endurance (p < 0.05) and ability of balance (p < 0.01) were significantly improved after completion of the weight control program. There were positive significant correlations between general stress and obesity stress level (p < 0.05), and negative correlations between stress level and food intake score (p < 0.05). These results showed that the weight control program for adult obese women may be effectively used to improve weight reduction, physical fitness and stress levels.