• PNF and Movement
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2014

Purpose: The discovery of mirror neuron system may positively affect functional recovery; therefore, rehabilitation is needed that is practical for use in clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of action observation training on upper motor function in people who had suffered strokes. Methods: Three elderly patients with stroke, aged to years, were recruited from a stroke rehabilitation center. A nonconcurrent, multiple baseline subject approach was taken, with an A-B-A treatment single-subject experimental design, and the experiment was conducted for 3 weeks. The action observation training was repeated 5 times in 5 days during the intervention period. The arm function, including WMFT, BBT, and grip and pinch strength, was evaluated in each subject 5 times during the baseline period, the intervention period, and the baseline regression period. Results: The results of the evaluation for each subject were presented as mean values and video graphs. The WMFT scores of 2 subjects were improved during the intervention period in comparison with the baseline period, and this improvement was maintained even during the regression baseline period. The BBT and the grip and pinch strength were not improved. Conclusion: Based on these results, we suggest that the action observation training for 5 sessions was effective in improving upper limb function of stroke patients but was not effective in improving hand dexterity or grip and pinch strength.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.54-68
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• 2011

조건 분기 명령어의 예측 정확도가 매우 높아짐에 따라 상대적으로 무조건 분기 명령어의 예측이 중요해지고 있다. 그 중 RAS(Return Address Stack)를 사용하는 함수 복귀 예측은 이론적으로 오버플로가 발생하지 않는 한도 내에서 100%의 정확도를 보여야 한다. 하지만 투기적 실행을 지원하는 현대 마이크로프로세서 환경 하에서는 잘못된 실행 경로로의 수행 결과를 무효화 할 때 RAS의 오염이 발생하며, 이는 함수 복귀 주소의 예측 실패로 이어진다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 RAS의 오염을 방지하기 위하여 RAS 재명명 기법을 제안한다. RAS 재명명 기법은 RAS의 스택을 소프트 스택과 하드 스택으로 나누어 투기적 실행에 의한 데이터의 변경을 복구할 수 있는 소프트 스택에서 투기적 실행에 의한 데이터를 관리하고, 소프트 스택의 크기 제한으로 겹쳐쓰기가 일어나는 데이터 중 이후에 사용될 데이터를 하드 스택으로 옮기는 구조로 구성된다. 또한 이러한 구조의 문제점을 파악하여, 본 논문에서는 RAS 재명명 기법의 추가적 개선법을 소개한다. 제안된 기법을 모의실험 한 결과, RAS 오염 방지 기법이 적용되지 않은 시스템과 비교하여 함수 복귀 예측 실패를 약 1/90로 감소시켰으며, 최대 6.95%의 IPC 향상을 가져왔다. 또한 기존의 RAS 오염 방지 기법이 적용된 시스템과 비교하여 함수 복귀 예측 실패를 약 1/9로 감소 시켰다.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2019

목적 : 본 연구는 문화적 차이를 보이는 Upper extremity performance test for elderly (TEMPA)를 한국판으로 수정 및 번역하고 그 타당도 및 신뢰도를 검증하는 것이다. 연구방법 : 연구대상자는 40세이상의 손 기능에 장애가 없는 성인 171명과 손 기능에 장애가 있는 성인 41명 이었다. 내용 타당도와 분별 타당도를 검증하였고, 검사-재검사 신뢰도와 검사자 간 신뢰도를 검증하였다. 결과 : 내용 타당도를 통해 문화적 차이를 보이는 2개의 항목 ('자물쇠 열고 약통 열기', '편지 봉투 작성하고 우표 붙이기')을 수정하였다. 분별 타당도를 통해 TEMPA는 손 기능에 장애가 있는 성인과 없는 성인을 구별할 수 있는 평가 도구임을 확인 하였다 (p<.001). 신뢰도 검증 결과 수행 속도는 급간 내 상관계수(ICC)= .71-.92, 기능 정도는 카파계수 (kappa) = 1.0, 수행 분석은 ICC = 1.0로 중간수준에서 높은 수준의검사-재검사 신뢰도를 보였다. 검사자 간 신뢰도는 실행 속도 ICC = 1.0, 기능 정도 kappa = .79-1.0, 수행 분석 ICC = .94-1.0으로 상당한 수준에서 높은 수준의 신뢰도를 보였다. 결론 : TEMPA는 손 기능의 장애가 있는 성인을 구별해 낼 수 있고, 높은 수준의 신뢰도를 보이는 평가 도구로 임상적 평가 및 근거 기반의 연구에 있어 많이 사용되기를 기대한다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제18권3E호
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• pp.37-43
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• 1999

In this paper, we present a new technique for the optimal local decomposition of convex structuring elements on a hexagonal grid, which are used as templates for morphological image processing. Each basis structuring element in a local decomposition is a local convex structuring element, which can be contained in hexagonal window centered at the origin. Generally, local decomposition of a structuring element results in great savings in the processing time for computing morphological operations. First, we define a convex structuring element on a hexagonal grid and formulate the necessary and sufficient conditions to decompose a convex structuring element into the set of basis convex structuring elements. Further, a cost function was defined to represent the amount of computation or execution time required for performing dilations on different computing environments and by different implementation methods. Then the decomposition condition and the cost function are applied to find the optimal local decomposition of convex structuring elements, which guarantees the minimal amount of computation for morphological operation. Simulation shows that optimal local decomposition results in great reduction in the amount of computation for morphological operations. Our technique is general and flexible since different cost functions could be used to achieve optimal local decomposition for different computing environments and implementation methods.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2011

소프트웨어 시스템의 대규모 응용 프로그램으로 인해, 소프트웨어 신뢰성은 소프트웨어 개발에서 중요한 역할올 담당하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 소프트웨어 신뢰성장 모형 중에서 고장 시간 절단 모형인 로그 로지스틱 분포에 근거한 모형이 제안되었다 고정시간에 따른 강도함수, 평균값함수, 신뢰도를 추정하였고 모수 추정은 최우 추정 법을 사용하였다. 실중분석에서는 이 분야에서 기본 모형인 포아송 실행 시간 모형과 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 로그-로지스틱 모형이 기존의 로그 포아송 실행 시간 모형보다 신뢰성 측면에서 더 효율적이기 때문에 이 분야에서 기존 모형의 대안으로 로그-로지스틱모형을 사용할 수 있음을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 학술회의 논문집 정보 및 제어부문 A
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• pp.91-94
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• 2003

In this paper, we achieve implementation of a Time-Frequency Domain Reflectometry(TFDR) system through comparatively low performance(100MS/s) PCI extensions for Instrumentation(PXI). The TFDR is the general methodology of Time Domain Reflectometry(TDR) and Frequency Domain Reflectometry(FDR). This methodology is robust in Gaussian noises, because the fixed frequency bandwidth is used. Moreover, the methodology can get more information of the fault by using the normalized time-frequency cross correlation function. The Arbitrary Waveform Generator(AWG) module generates the input signal, and the digital oscilloscope module acquires the input and reflected signals, while PXI controller module performs the control of the total PXI modules and execution of the main algorithm. The maximum range of measurement and the blind spot are calculated according ta variations of time duration and frequency bandwidth. On the basis of above calculations, the algorithm and the design of input signals used in the TFDR system are verified by real experiments. The correlation function is added to the TDR methodology for reduction of the blind spot in the TFDR system.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.605-621
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• 2000

A mobile manipulator-a serial connection of a mobile platform and a task robot-is redundant by itself. Using its redundant freedom, a mobile manipulator can move in various modes, i. e., can perform dexterous tasks. In this paper, to improve task execution efficiency utilizing redundancy, optimal configurations of the mobile manipulator are maintained while it is moving to a new task point. Assuming that a task robot can perform the new task by itself, a desired configuration for the task robot can be pre-determined. Therefore, a cost function for optimality can be defined as a combination of the square errors of the desired and actual configurations of the mobile platform and of the task robot. In the combination of the two square errors, a newly defined mobility of a mobile platform is utilized as a weighting index. With the aid of the gradient method, the cost function is minimized, so the tasle that the mobile manipulator performs is optimized. The proposed algorithm is experimentally verified and discussed with a mobile manipulator, PURL-II.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.1803-1804
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to implement a Labview based TFDR Real Time system through the instruments of Pci eXtensions for Instrumentation(PXI). The proposed load impedance measurement algorithm was verified by experiments via the implemented real time system. The TFDR real time system consisted of the reference signal design, signal generation, signal acquisition, algorithm execution and results display parts. To implement real time system, all of the parts wore programmed by the Labview which is one of graphical programming languages. In the application software implemented by the Labview we were able to design a suitable reference signal according to the length and frequency attenuation characteristics of the target cable and controled the arbitrary waveform generator(ZT500PXI) of the signal generation part and the digital storage oscilloscope(ZT430PXI) of the signal acquisition part. By using the TFDR real time system with the terminal resistor on the target cable, we applied to the load impedance measurements. In the proposed load impedance algorithm a normalized time-frequency cross correlation function and a cross time-frequency distribution function was employed to calculate the reflection coefficient and phase difference between the input and the reflected signals.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.139-163
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• 2008

The Collective Dispute Mediation was introduced to Korea with complement the Verbandsklage which was said to be poor at monetary compensation for consumers' damages. and The Collective Dispute Mediation also seems very likely to the class action, but one can resolve the dispute before filing a law suit under the Collective Dispute Mediation. The validity of the Collective Dispute Mediation is the same as the "settlement in court". After reaching the Collective Dispute Mediation, one may have a right to ask the compulsory execution. Under the Collective Dispute Mediation the damaged party must take part directly in the dispute, because the Collective Dispute Mediation is also included in the dispute resolution. Therefore a problem that how can the damaged consumer, who do not directly take part in the dispute process, get the remedy alternatively may arise. However, this problem is solved by Compensation Plan Letter which is described in the "Framework Act on Consumer". By the Compensation Plan Letter, the person who do not directly take part in the dispute process can be remedied ex post facto(Article 68). This thesis is study on The Function and Task of Collective Dispute Mediation in the Framework Act on Consumer in our state.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.34-45
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of laughter therapy and cognitive reinforcement program on self-efficacy, depression and cognitive functions of the elderly with mild cognitive impairments (MCI). Methods: The study design was a non-equivalent control group pre and posttest design. Thirty-six subjects over the age of 65 with a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment were assigned either to a treatment or a comparison group. Data were collected from February 7 to March 27, 2012 in the dementia supporting center. An eight week treatment program that included laughter therapy coupled with a cognitive reinforcing program including hand exercise, laughter dance routine, laughter technic and cognitive training for attention, memory, orientation and execution skill. Results: MoCA-K (t=-6.86, p<.001) and Stroop test CW correct (t=-2.54, p=.008), self-efficacy (t=-3.62, p=.001) in the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the comparison group. Reported depression (t=2.29, p=.014), Stroop test CW error (U=53.50, p<.001) in the treatment group was significantly less than the comparison group. Conclusion: In this study, the treatment was effective in improving self-efficacy, cognitive function and reducing depression in the elderly with MCI.