• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.375-378
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• 2007

The selection of the support system is an important design parameter in design and construction of the tunnel using the new Australian tunnel method. It is a common practice to select the support based on the rock mass grade, in which the rock mass is classified into five rock groups. The method is applicable if the characteristics of the rock mass are uniform in the direction of tunnel excavation. However, such case is seldom encountered in practice and not applicable when the properties vary along the longitudinal direction. This study performs comprehensive three dimensional finite difference analyses to investigate the ground deformation pattern for cases in which the rock mass properties change in the direction of the tunnel axis. The numerically calculated displacements at the tunnel crown show that the displacement is highly dependent on the stiffness contrast of the rock masses. The results strongly indicate the need to select the support type $0.5\sim1.0D$ before the rock mass boundary. The paper proposes a new guideline for selecting the support type based the results of the analyses.

• Architectural research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2018

The restoration of foundations supporting the immense load of the stone pagoda at Mireuksa Temple Site prioritizes securing its structural stability. But so far, rammed earth construction is still not easy to determine the structural stability. This paper aims to emphasize that a scientific experimental study was conducted on a rammed earth construction, to identify its methodology and obtain objective data about structural stability of the foundation work. An experimental study fabricated specimens from the soil that had been removed during the excavation survey, determined the allowable bearing capacity through plate load tests, and compared the results with the predicted stress after reassembly of the stone pagoda to estimate the structural stability. Then, the repair method was selected based on the experimental study result. The evaluation method of the restoration of foundations consisted of an examination of the allowable bearing capacity and settlement. The allowable bearing of the reinforced foundation was more than twice the contact pressure under the stacked stones of the pagoda. The possibility of settlement of the rammed earth foundation soil layer during the pagoda assembly is expected to be very low because the settlement amount of the reformed soil layer is less than half of the settlement of the stabilized existing soil layer.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 암성토의 토공량 설계에 대한 대책방안으로 현장밀도시험을 수행하였으며, 현장밀도시험결과 암성토부의 발파암 평균 체적환산계수는 1.001로서 풍화암의 체적환산계수 1.1보다 작은 값이 나타났다. 이와 같이 암성토의 경우 여러 가지 현상에 의해 토공량의 증감 원인을 제공하고 있으나, 이에 대한 조사 및 시험방법 등 구체적인 기술 등이 부족한 실정이므로 본 연구결과에서와 같이 체적환산계수를 검토하기 위한 조사방법으로 현장밀도시험방법이 매우 유용한 방법임을 확인하였다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.26-34
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• 2004

국내의 경우 UAM에 관한 체계적인 연구가 부족하여 역학적 보강 메커니즘에 관한 이론정립이 되어 있지 않음은 물론 설계변수에 따른 보강효과에 관한 정성적, 정량적인 관계정립이 아직 부족한 관계로 대부분의 경우 공학적 근거보다는 외국자료나 현장 지질조건에 따른 경험적 방법에 의존한 시공이 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 실정을 감안할 때 합리적이고 이론적 인 설계 및 해석기법의 도입이 요구되어지고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 유한요소법을 이용하여 UAM의 보강 메커니즘에 관여할 것으로 판단되는 지반물성, 상부지반의 두께, 삽입강관의 사이즈, 강관의 중첩길이, 강지보의 적용 유$.$무에 대하여 굴착 진행에 따른 강관의 거동 분석을 통해 UAM의 보강 메커니즘을 알아보기 위한 해석을 수행하였다. 본 연구를 통해 강관이 삽입된 지반의 하부를 굴착하면서 강관에 발생하는 부재력을 분석함으로써 UAM적용 시 강관의 보강 메커니즘을 확인하였다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2007

굴진장이 터널의 안정성 및 시공비에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 많은 연구자와 기술자들이 잘 알고 있지만, 아직 굴진장 결정에 대해서 일관된 절차가 수립되지는 못한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 굴진장을 고려한 연암터널의 막장과 무지보 구간의 거동형태를 실내모형실험, PFC3D 및 FDM 해석을 통하여 조사하였다. 총 다섯 개의 거동형태를 정의하였고, 막장 안전율과 설계 도표를 통해 거동형태를 정량적으로 판단할 수 있도록 하였다. 비록 본 연구에서 제안한 방법이 몇몇 제한을 갖지만, 굴진장과 굴착의 최적화를 위한 유용한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.138-154
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• 2008

The conventional non-dig underground structure building method which made an appearance to reduce the social and environmental costs and maximize the efficiency of the social overhead capital facilities could not help being uneconomical because of many problems such as unnecessary excessive excavation, water leakage, obstacle interference, difficulty of curvilinear application and connection complexity between propelled and injected bodies due to indiscriminate application of small and large circular steel pipes without consideration of the site conditions. The T.S.T.M, in which a protruded square tube is applied as a propulsion and injection body in a design that considered site conditions such as ground condition, depth of soil and live load, was able to be economical as it solved the problems of water resistance, minimization of obstacle interference and curvilinearity, and we can see that it can be applied to all grounds by utilizing or complementing the target ground in terms of engineering. Also in configuring the transverse section, it is possible to not only secure excellent structural safety but also implement all of the above engineering characteristics not only in the square cross section but also in the arch cross section, so it was possible to build structures on any section or ground, and we could confirm the LCC reduction effect and the VE effect.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.368-375
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• 2009

This paper describes field installation and load test results performed for three types of micropiles in the process of developing a new micropiling method. Field tests were performed for two conventional types(i.e., micropile reinforced with steel bar and gravity grouting, micropile reinforced with steel bar and steel casing and gravity grouting) and a proposed type(i.e., micropile reinforced with hollow steel pipe wrapped with geotextile-pack and pressurized grouting). The load test results subjected to axial compression and tension and lateral loading conditions are described in this paper. The micropiles were exposed in the air in order to verify the installation quality and curing condition of grouting material via ground excavation. Axial compression and tension test results indicate that the new micropile type provide at least 40% higher bearing capacity than that of conventional types. Based on the examination of exposed piles, it is induced that the proposed method, packed micropile, provides better interlocking between grouts and surrounding soils and increases higher frictional resistance comparing to conventional types.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제23권A호
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• pp.69-81
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• 2003

Numerical analysis is important for the design, construction and maintenance of large caverns. The rock mass contains generally discontinuities such as faults, joints and fissures. The mechanical behavior and geometric characteristics of these discontinuities would have a significant impact on the stability of the caverns. In this research the Distinct Element Method(DEM) was used to analyze the structural stability of the large cavern. The Barton-Bandis Joint Model (B-B J.M) was used as a constitutive model for the joint. In addition, two different cases 1) analysis with a support system and 2) analysis with no support system, were analyzed to optimize a support system and to investigate reinforcing effects of a support system. The most significant parameters of in-situ stress, JRC of in-situ natural joints, and spatial distribution characteristics of discontinuities were acquired through field investigation. Displacement (horizontal, joint shear), maximum joint opening, maximum and minimum principal stresses, range of relaxed zone, rockbolt axial forces and shotcrete stresses were calculated at each excavation stage. As a result of analysis the calculated values proved to be under the allowable value Rockbolts also proved to be an efficient support measure to control joint shear displacement which had significant effects on extending the relaxed zone. As a consequence, the structural stability of the cavern was assured with an appropriate support system.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2012

Culm cutting is very effective and convenient method for asexual propagation and even much less destructive than the other ways such as excavation of rhizomes. Despite that culm cutting is such a useful method, only few investigations for raising its efficiency have been carried out. We tried to examine the effect of different geographical populations and cutting sections on the shoot emergence, biomass production and its allocation in terms of cutting efficiency. Culms were sampled from three environmentally distinct wetlands : riparian marsh, salt marsh and montane fen and then they were cut separately into four sections from the bottom to the top part. Both factors of different population and section affected the shoot emergence together. Middle parts on the culm always showed more shoot emergence irrespective of different population. On the other hand, first section from salt marsh and fourth section from the montane fen did not exhibit any shoot emergence. Significant difference in increase of shoot emergence between different sections during investigation period was confirmed only from salt marsh population. Not only different population but also appropriate cutting section should be considered together for better efficiency in cutting of reed culms.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2007

일반적으로 암판정을 수행하기 인해 가장 널리 사용되는 방법은 암석의 강도와 절리의 발달빈도를 고려하는 것이다. 하지만 미세균열과 연장성이 긴 절리들이 암반에 존재하고 있는 경우에는 이러한 방법이 합리적이지 않다. 그러므로 복잡한 지질조건을 가지고 있는 암반에서의 굴착난이도 결정은 절리빈도와 실내시험(일축압축강도, 점하중강도, 실내탄성파속도 등)과 현장탄성파속도와의 상관관계를 종합하여 암판정을 수행하는 것이 더욱 더 합리적이라고 판단된다.