• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2012

Large-scale copy number variants (CNVs) in the human provide the raw material for delineating population differences, as natural selection may have affected at least some of the CNVs thus far discovered. Although the examination of relatively large numbers of specific ethnic groups has recently started in regard to inter-ethnic group differences in CNVs, identifying and understanding particular instances of natural selection have not been performed. The traditional $F_{ST}$ measure, obtained from differences in allele frequencies between populations, has been used to identify CNVs loci subject to geographically varying selection. Here, we review advances and the application of multinomial-Dirichlet likelihood methods of inference for identifying genome regions that have been subject to natural selection with the $F_{ST}$ estimates. The contents of presentation are not new; however, this review clarifies how the application of the methods to CNV data, which remains largely unexplored, is possible. A hierarchical Bayesian method, which is implemented via Markov Chain Monte Carlo, estimates locus-specific $F_{ST}$ and can identify outlying CNVs loci with large values of FST. By applying this Bayesian method to the publicly available CNV data, we identified the CNV loci that show signals of natural selection, which may elucidate the genetic basis of human disease and diversity.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.205-233
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• 1999

This study is an effort to make policy suggestions by analysing the current health examination program as a benefit service provided by the national health insurance system, including health screening for the insured, screening of cancer and chronic diseases for their dependents. Analyses found some issues being gave attention to; 1) The insured under the community health insurance system do not get the health examination benefit. A program for them should be set to have equity in benefit services. 2) Low rates of using screen services compromise purpose and the efficiency the services have first intended to. An immediate attention should be made to increase low rate of use of screen test to detect chronic diseases in particular. 3) Selection of diseases and test items covered by health examination program does not reflect the need of the insured, but to reflect financial resources of the national health insurance system. 4) Lack of health screening facilities and their geographical maldistribution is observed, which with preference of a general hospital as a screening post by the insured may lead to unreliable test. 5) A follow-up system should have been developed for the suspected classified by test results of carrying chronic diseases. They should be cared for within the health examination program. Public health care systems incorporate such a system, along with caring for those who are in need of having a health counselling on preventive care. In conclusion, the national health insurance system should be a medical insurance of giving a higher priority on preventive care benefits, health examination program in particular. That could be done by making rearrangements of test items, screening methods and system, rationalizing current reimbursement system of service fee, increasing accessibility to and utilization of the services, and making an establishment of follow-up system.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to develop a test of a creative problem solving (CPS) for the selection of gifted science students in elementary school. For this, the methods and procedures of the selection of gifted science students was investigated through the internet homepages 23 gifted science education centers of universities and 16 city. province offices of education. The results of this study were as follows: Most of the gifted science students were selected through a multi-step examination process. They were selected on the basis of their records by recommendation of a principal or a classroom teacher in their school, by operation of standardized tests (ex. intelligence quotient score, achievements in science and mathematics, interest and attitude/aptitude for science as well as through other means), as well as through intensive observation of those gifted science students who are selected by interview and oral tests. The selection of gifted students was not evaluated through creativity testing; giftedness in city. province office of education. Testing of CPS was found to be especially lacking in these organizations. For the development of the test items of CPS in science, the five elements were extracted through the framework for the content analysis of the CPS: problem exploration, problem statement, solution thinking, experiment design, and assesment. In addition, suggestions were made regarding an appropriate scoring system for the test of the CPS. As the result of the developed test was applied to the 4th grade of the gifted and general student, we found that gifted students were superior to general students. In conclusion, it was that the CPS test developed in this study should be used to evaluate the CPS for the selection of gifted students.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.221-235
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• 2015

본 연구이 목적은 베이커리 카페의 선택속성과 고객행동의도에 관하여 실증적 연구를 통한 결과를 제시하는 것이다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 이론적 배경과 실증적 분석을 실시하였다. 이론적 연구에서는 선택속성과 고객행동의도와 연관되어 결과를 도출한 선행연구를 검토하였다. 분석자료는 서울, 부산, 광주, 대구에서 베이커리 카페를 경험한 고객들을 대상으로 총 312명의 응답자를 대상으로 조사하였다. 분석방법은 빈도분석, 요인분석, 교차분석, 군집분석 및 ANOVA 분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구에서는 베이커리 카페 마케팅 담당자들이 고객들의 다양한 선택속성에 대하여 충분히 연구해야 한다는 것을 시사하고 있다. 또한, 본 연구는 고객을 유인하고 고객을 만족시키기 위해서는 고객의 선택속성에서 전략적인 대안을 찾아야 한다는 것을 보여주고 있다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.5-24
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to serve as a basis for providing quality medical service and mapping out consumer-centered marketing strategies to successfully cope with the rapidly changing medical environment and meet consumer needs, by examining what affected the satisfaction and revisit of health Promotion center Client. The subjects in this study were 186 of visitor to health Promotion center in a university hospital in the city of Busan. A survey was conducted with structured questionnaire from March 2 to 30, 2001. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS for Windows (ver10.0). For more statistical analysis, frequency analysis, component analysis, t-test, ANOVA and correlation analysis procedures were utilized. Results of the study can be summarized as follows: 1. Regarding demographic characteristics, 51.6% of the Client investigated were male, and 48.4% were female. The greatest number of them were in their 40s(38.9%). 86.5% were married, and 34.2% were self-employed. 44% were a high-school graduate, and the monthly mean income of 59.4% was one to three million Won. And, the residential area of 46.8%, the largest percentage, was a half-an-hour distance from health Promotion center. 2. The most common motivation of their selection of the health Promotion center was a recommendation by Staff and neighborhood(59.7%), followed by excellent facilities and services(17.2%), the tradition and reputation of the hospital(7.5%), and its publicity pamphlets(7.5%). 3. 45.9%, the largest percentage, acquired health-related information from their friends or acquaintances. 43.8%, the greatest percentage, visited there because they felt there's something wrong with their body. 53.4% worried about the possibility of being attacked by cancer, and 57.5% wanted to take a precise cancer examination. For health maintenance, 50.1% got regular exercise. Regular exercise was considered most crucial for health maintenance or promotion. 4. The largest reason they used that examination center again was the kindness of employees(52.7%), followed by the tradition and reputation of the hospital(21%) and excellent examination setting and equipment(10.8%). 5. By demographic factor, there was no significant difference between the man and women in satisfaction level with examination and expenses. The women expressed more satisfaction at facilities, and the high-school graduate group were more contented with expenses. 6. As a result of investigating their satisfaction level according to the motivation of selecting that examination center, the group that chose the center due to excellent facilities and services were more satisfied with examination and expenses. 7. As for the relationship of total examination satisfaction to revisit. intention, there was a higher correlational relationship between total health examination satisfaction and expense satisfaction. Especially, the more they were satisfied with examination, the more they were willing to revisit there for another examination.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.773-779
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• 2015

We study a statistical analysis about the fifth wave data of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey based on linear regression models with measurement errors. The data is obtained from a national population-based complex survey. To demonstrate the availability of measurement error models, two results between the general linear regression model and measurement error model are compared based on the model selection criteria which are Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion. For our study, we use the simulation extrapolation algorithm for measurement error model and the jackknife method for the estimation of standard errors.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.200-206
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• 2008

A variety of mechanisms may generate pain resulting from injury to the peripheral nervous system. None of these mechanisms is disease-specific, and several different pain mechanisms may be present simultaneously in any one patient. Diagnosis of neuropathic pain is often easily made from the information gathered on neurologic examination and from patient history. Evidence of sensory disturbances elicited by examination combined with laboratory tests confirming injury to peripheral nerve establishes the diagnosis of neuropathic pain. Although treatment of neuropathic pain may be difficult, optimum treatment can be achieved if dentist has a complete understanding of the therapeutic options. Pharmacologic therapy has been the mainstay of treatment. Selection of an appropriate pharmacologic agent is by trial and error since individual response to different agents, doses, and serum level are highly variable. An adequate trial for each agent tried is key to pharmacologic treatment of neuripathic pain. If pharmacologic treatment is not effective, nerve block using lidocaine, steroid and alcohol and neurectomy must be considered for treatment option.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.127-131
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• 2007

Fever of unknown origin (FUO) has been a convenient term used to classify patients who warrant a particular systemic approach to diagnostic evaluation and management. The greatest clinical concern in evaluating FUO is identifying patients whose fever has a serious or life-threatening cause when a delay in diagnosis could jeopardize successful intervention. Thorough history and complete physical examination are critical to uncover the etiologic diagnosis. Most cases of FUO in children are caused by atypical presentations of common diseases rather than by typical manifestations of rare disorders. Selection of diagnostic tests and speed of investigation should be guided by a knowledge of the disease severity, patient age, epidemiologic and geographic information, and any positive findings from a detailed history and physical examination. The three most common causes of FUO in children are infectious diseases, connective tissue diseases, and malignancy. In general, the prognosis of FUO in children is better than that of adults. Although the outcome is dependent on the primary disease process, fever abates spontaneously in most cases in whom the cause of fever remains unclear.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.79-88
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• 1998

To investigate the relationship between the College Entrance Examination (CEE) exams and high school teaching-learning, we conducted a questionnaire survey and collected 2439 valid questionnaires with 16000 teachers involved. This paper discusses the topic with data gathered from the survey, and statistics on CEE examinations over the past few years. The following three questions will be addressed in detail: 1. As a talent selection test for colleges, can the CEE exams single out the elite students in high school? 2. Should the testing objectives of the CEE exams match the teaching objectives in high school so as to have a positive backwash effect on high school teaching and learning? 3. How do teachers assess the CEE exams from the angles of test structure, the functions of individual item types, reforms on test difficulties, and its actual checking effects?

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.899-901
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• 2010

팔레놉시스 'Sweet Pinky'는 1995년 수원 국립원예특작 과학원에서 진홍색 중형종 '핑롱'을 자가수분하여 획득한 종자로부터, 1996년부터 2002년까지 양성한 169개체의 실생 계통 중에서, 향기가 있고 분지력이 우수한 중형의 진분홍색 팔레놉시스 '95-183-54'을 개체 선발하였다. 선발된 계통에 대하여 2003년부터 2007년까지 개체증식 및 1차 생육 특성검정을 수행하고, 2008년에 '원교 F2-17'로 계통명을 부여하여 2차 특성검정, 안정성.균일성에 대한 연차별 재현성 및 기호도 평가를 수행한 결과, 달콤한 향기를 지니고 분지력이 우수한 품종으로 그 우수성이 인정되어, 2008년에 직무육성품종심의회를 거쳐 'Sweet Pinky'로 명명되어 품종 등록되었다.