• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.88-102
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• 1992

The exact estimation of physical growth by Obesity level has important meaning to the health care and evaluation on adolescent girls. So this study tried to clear the relationship between weight and body fat by using data for the height, weight of 124 elementary school children and high school student in Seoul. Then this study tried to show the physical growth pattern and various characteristics by Obesity level by using longitudinal for the height, weight of 1113 high school students in Seoul, and it also tried to show what influencing factors on the physical growth of this aged population. The result could be summarized as follows. 1. The relationship between weight and body fat(%) has 0.81475(r) at age 9 and 0.69361(r) at age 18. Also the relationship between weight and lean body muscle(LBM %) has -0.81470(r) at age 9 and -0.64729(r) at age 18. 2. The weakness, normal and obesity groups were classified by Obesity level. In case of weakness group showed the very low Obesity level at age 8 to 11, in case of obesity group showed the high Obesity level at age 15 to 18. Also Rohrer index was decreasing tendency up to age 12 in weakness group and increasing tendency over age 14 in obesity group. 3. When the height and weight growth pattern was compared, height growth was superior to weight growth at age 9 to 14.5 in normal group. But weight growth was inferior to height growth at age 9 to 14.5 in normal group. In obesity group, weight growth was superior to height growth at age 7 to 18. On the other hand the height growth of weakness group was superior to the normal group and the obesity group except age 11 to 12. 4. On height velocity curve by PHV age obesity group showed the most growth amount per year(9.00Cm/yr), and the next is normal group(8.77Cm/yr), weakness group(8.70Cm/yr). Then the difference between PHV age and PWV age was within 1 year in these three groups. 5. In these three groups, height velocity curve by menarcheal age showed the PHV before 2~3 years of menarcheal age. And weight velocity curve by menarcheal age showed the remarkable PWV before 1 year of menarcheal age.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.4-9
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• 2001

Purpose: The trefoil factor family 1 (TFF1) has a protective effect against gastric mucosal damage induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or ethanol. In addition, a TFF1 knockout mouse model has exhibited circumferential adenomas with high-grade dysplasia, of which $30\%$ progressed into frankly invasive carcinomas. We tried to determine whether the expression pattern of the TFF1 could be involved in the development of sporadic gastric carcinomas. Materials and Methods: We examined TFF1 expression in a series of 43 sporadic gastric carcinomas and 18 gastric adenomas by immunohistochemistry. Results: Strong positive TFF1 staining was identified primarily in the normal gastric mucosa, mainly in the cytoplasm of the superficial and foveolar epithelium. We found TFF1 expression in $55.8\%$ (24 out of 43) of the gastric carcinomas and in $16.7\%$ (3 out of 18) of the gastric adenomas. Statistically, TFF1 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in diffuse-type ($82.4\%$) than in intestinal-type ($38.5\%$) carcinomas(p=0.0058, Fisher's exact test). Conclusion: Our findings provide sufficient evidence that the expression of TFF1 in gastric cancer may simply disclose gastric-type differentiation of neoplastic cells and provide further support for the existence of at least two pathways of malignant transformation of the gastric mucosa: one via intestinal metaplasia and adenomatous dysplasia, leading to glandular carcinomas with intestinal-type differentiation, and the other via hyperplastic changes or de novo changes, leading to diffuse carcinomas and to a subset of glandular carcinomas displaying gastric-type differentiation.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.654-660
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• 2020

Through the output of brain waves during muscle operation, this paper checks whether it is possible to find characteristic vectors of brain waves that are capable of dividing left and right movements by extracting brain waves in specific areas of muscle signal output that include the motion of the left and right muscles or the will of the user within EEG signals, where uncertainties exist considerably. A typical surface EMG and noninvasive brain wave extraction method does not exist to distinguish whether the signal is a motion through the degree of ionization by internal neurotransmitter and the magnitude of electrical conductivity. In the case of joint and motor control through normal robot control systems or electrical signals, signals that can be controlled by the transmission and feedback control of specific signals can be identified. However, the human body lacks evidence to find the exact protocols between the brain and the muscles. Therefore, in this paper, efficiency is verified by utilizing the results of application of CSP (Common Spatial Pattern) filter to verify that the left-hand and right-hand signals can be extracted through brainwave analysis when the subject's behavior is performed. In addition, we propose ways to obtain data through experimental design for verification, to verify the change in results with or without filter application, and to increase the accuracy of the classification.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2009

For the inspection of wood, machine vision is the most common automated inspection method used at present. It is required to sort wood products by grade and to locate surface defects prior to cut-up. Many different sensing methods have been applied to inspection of wood including optical, ultrasonic, X-ray sensing in the wood industry. Nowadays the scanning system mainly employs CCD line-scan camera to meet the needs of accurate detection of lumber defects and real-time image processing. But this system needs exact feeding system and low deviation of lumber thickness. In this study low cost CCD area sensor was used for the development of image processing system for lumber being fed. When domestic red pine being fed on the conveyer belt, lumber images of irregular term of captured area were acquired because belt conveyor slipped between belt and roller. To overcome incorrect image merging by the unstable feeding speed of belt conveyor, it was applied template matching algorithm which was a measure of the similarity between the pattern of current image and the next one. Feeding the lumber over 13.8 m/min, general area sensor generates unreadable image pattern by the motion blur. The red channel of RGB filter showed a good performance for removing background of the green conveyor belt from merged image. Threshold value reduction method that was a image-based thresholding algorithm performed well for knot detection.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.27-33
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• 2018

Purpose: Many researchers have established a connection between sleep disturbances and the symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in adults, but there are a few studies targeted at adolescents with TMD. The aim of this study was to analyze the sleep pattern of adolescents with TMD and to determine the effect of poor sleep quality on their clinical symptoms. Methods: The subjects were composed of 47 adolescents with TMD. The sleep pattern and preliminary information of patients were measured by self-reported questionnaires; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Questionnaire for TMD analysis. TMD pain was scored using the Numerical Rating Scale. The Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher's exact test and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: The poor sleeping group had statistically more females (25.00% males, 75.00% females) than the good sleeping group. As compared with that of good sleepers, sleep quality of poor sleepers was significantly worse in the items of subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep disturbances, daytime dysfunction and global PSQI score. The sleep time of adolescents was much longer during vacation ($7.20{\pm}1.38hours$) than during school days ($6.10{\pm}1.26hours$). Poor sleep of patients was associated with the pain in the ear or in front of the ear, in the face, jaw, throat or temple and in neck or back. Adolescents with pain in those areas had significantly higher proportion of poor sleepers than adolescents with no pain in those areas. Conclusions: The high ratio of girls in poor sleeping group could reflect the greater prevalence of TMD in women than in men. Pain in peri-temporomandibular joint areas, neck or back could negatively influence sleep quality of adolescents with TMD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.83 no.5
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• pp.1071-1080
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• 2022

Purpose To compare the MR findings of septic and acute gouty arthritis of the knee joint. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included patients who underwent knee MRI for septic or gouty arthritis at our hospital between October 2012 and October 2018. The MR findings were analyzed for the presence of bone marrow edema, soft tissue edema, abscess, pattern of synovial thickening (frondlike, lamellated, diffuse linear), maximum thickness of the synovium, and joint effusion volume. The gouty (n = 5) and septic arthritis (n = 10) groups were compared using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Fisher's exact test. Results No statistically significant differences were observed for each item. One patient in the gouty arthritis group and seven in the septic arthritis group had bone marrow edema. Soft tissue abscess formation was only observed in the septic group. The incidence of each synovial thickening pattern was as follows: 100% (diffuse linear) in the gouty arthritis group and 20% (frondlike), 50% (lamellated), and 30% (diffuse linear) in the septic arthritis group. Conclusion Differentiation of gouty arthritis and septic arthritis based on imaging findings is difficult. However, lamellated synovial thickening patterns, bone marrow edema, and soft tissue abscess formation are more commonly observed in patients with septic arthritis than in those with gouty arthritis.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2013

Objective: To investigate roles of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance (DCE MR) and diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging in preoperative prediction of underestimation of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) ${\geq}2cm$ on US guided core needle biopsy. Materials and Methods: Twenty two patients with DCIS on US-guided 14 gauge core needle biopsy were included. Patients were divided into a group with and without DCIS underestimation based on histopathology. MR images including DCE and DW imaging were obtained with a 3.0-T MR. The lesion type (mass or non-mass), enhancement pattern, peak enhancement, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of proven malignant masses were generated using software of CADstream and compared between two groups using Fisher's exact test and Mann Whitney test. Results: Eight patients were in the group with underestimation and 14 patients were in the group without underestimation. The lesion type and enhancement pattern were not different between two groups (P values = 1.000 and 0.613, respectively). The median peak enhancement of lesions with underestimation was 159.5%, higher than 133.5% of those without underestimation, but not significant (P value = 0.413). The median ADC value of lesions with underestimation was $1.26{\times}10^{-3}mm^2/sec$, substantially lower than $1.35{\times}10^{-3}mm^2/sec$ of those without underestimation (P value = 0.094). Conclusion: ADC values had the potential to preoperatively predict DCIS underestimation on US-guided core needle biopsy, although a large prospective series study should be conducted to confirm these results.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.178-189
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• 2003

Purpose: The current study was designed to investigate the expression pattern of chemokine in musculoskeletal tumors, and between primary osteosarcoma and recurred, and postchemotherapy one. Materials and methods: Ten primary soft tissue and bone tumors, one primary, one recurred, one post-chemotherapy osteosarcoma, and one normal control patients were included in the current study. RT-PCR and RPA were used for the investigation of the expression of cytokines and chemokines. Fisher's exact test in SPSS was used for the statistical analysis. Results: IL-8 and TNF-${\alpha}$ were expressed in all tumor tissues, IFN-${\gamma}$ was in all except two cases, RANTES was in 5 soft tissue tumors and 4 bone tumors, GRO-${\alpha}$was in one soft tissue tumor and 2 bone tumors, and MCP-1 and IP-10 were in two bone tumors and in all the other group. In recurred osteosarcoma all the cytokines and chemokines were expressed, and the degree of the expression was stronger than the primary, except IFN-${\gamma}$. After chemotherapy, RANTES, IFN-${\beta}$ and TGF${\beta}_1$ among the TGF${\beta}$isoforms were expressed. Conclusion: There were differences in the expression of cytokines and chemokines in some different bone and soft tissue tumors, even though it was impossible to support this statistically due to small numbers of cases. The expression pattern of IFN-${\gamma}$and TGF-${\beta}$ isoform in osteosarcoma could be used for the study of tumor recurrence and the changes after chemotherapy.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.232-243
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• 2014

Purpose : To evaluate the incidence of secondary contiguous or non-contiguous subchondral bone impactions (SBI) in subaxial cervical spinal injury and associated primary injury patterns. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and medical records was carried out for 47 patients who had sustained a subaxial cervical spinal injury. Presence, number, level, and sites of secondary contiguous or non-contiguous SBI were recorded. To evaluate primary injury patterns, the level and number of primary injury sites of subaxial cervical spine injury, injury morphology, anterior/posterior discoligamentous complex (ADC/PDC) injury, posterior ligamentous complex (PLC) injury, spinal cord injury, and mechanism of injury (MOI) were analyzed. Differences in primary injury pattern of subaxial cervical spine injury and MOI between patients with and without SBI, and between contiguous or non-contiguous SBI were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson's chi square test and Fisher's exact test. Results: Eighteen patients (18/47, 38.29%) had developed contiguous (n=9) or non-contiguous (n=9) SBI, most commonly involving T3 (15/47, 31.91%) and 3 levels (6/18, 33.33%). All SBIs had developed near the anterosuperior region of the body and the superior endplate and were the result of a high-impact MOI. SBIs were statistically significant in association with injury morphology and PLC injury (P=0.001, P=0.009, respectively) at the primary injury site. Non-contiguous SBI was more frequently accompanied by upper cervical spinal injuries in association with PDC injuries, as opposed to contiguous SBI, with statistical significance (P=0.009), while no other statistically significant differences were found. Conclusion: Secondary SBIs are common and probably associated with subaxial cervical spinal injuries with high energy compressive flexion forces.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.15-59
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• 1992

After world war II Japanese life expectancy has been improved remarkably, and reached the highest level in the world around late 1970's. The life expectancy of Korean has also shown tremendous improvement in recent years with about 20 year's gap from the Japanese. The reason of rapid improvement of life expectancy can be explained by changes in the structure of cause of death due to health system, living standard, social welfare, health behavior of individuals and so on. Korean in Japan is placed under different situations from both Korean in Korea and Japanese in these regards, and expected to show different picture of cause of death pattern. The objective of this study is the comparision of changing patterns of cause of death of three population groups, Korean in Japan, Korean in Korea and Japanese, and to investigate the reasons which effect to the structural difference of mortality cause with special emphasis on health ecological aspects. One of the major limitations of the Korean causes of death statistics is the under-registration which ranges about 10% of the total events, and inaccuracy of the exact cause of death. Some 20% of registered deaths were unable to classify by ICD. However, it is concluded that the Korean data are evaluated as sufficient to stand for over-viewing of trends of cause of death pattern. The evaluation is done by comparing data from registration and field survey over the same population sample. Population data of Korean in Japan differ between two sources of data; census and foreigner's registration. Correction is done by life table method under the assumption that age-specific mortality pattern would accord with that of the Japanese. The crude death rate was lowest among Korean in Japan, 5.7 deaths per 1,000 population in 1965. The crude death rates of Korean in Japan and Japanese are increasing recently influenced by age structure while Korean in Korea still shows decreasing tendency. The adjusted death rate is lowest among Japanese, followed by Korean in Japan, and Korean in Korea. The leading causes of death of Korean in Korea until 1960's was infectious diseases including pneumonia and tuberculosis. The causes of death structure changed gradually to accidents, neoplasm, hypertensive disease, cerebro-vascular disease in order. The main difference in cause of death between Korean and Japanese if high rate of liver diseases and diabetes for both Korean in Japan and Korea. A special feature of cause of death among Korean in Korea is remakably high rate of hypertensive disease, which is assumed to be caused by physicians tendency in choosing diagnostic categories. The low ischemic heart disease and high vasculo-cerebral disease are the distinctive characteristic of the three population groups compared to western countries. Specific causes of death were selected for detailed sex, age and ethnic group comparisons based on their high death rates. Cancer is the cause of death which showed most dramatical increase in all three population groups. In Korea 20.1% of all death were caused by cancer in 1990 compared with 10.5% in 1981. Cancer of the liver is the leading cause of cancer death among Korean in Japan for both sexes, followed by cancer of the lung and cancer of the stomach, while that of Korean in Korea is cancer of the stomach, followed by cancer of the liver and cancer of the lung for male. Causes of infant mortality were examined among the three population groups since 1980 on yearly bases. For both Japanese and Korean in Japan, leading cause of death ranks as conditions originating in the perinatal period, congenital anomalies, accidents and other violent causes. Trends since 1980 for these two population groups in the leading cause of infant mortality showed no changes. On the contrary, significant changes in leading cause of death structure in Korea were observed : the ranking of leading cause of death in 1981 were congenital asnomalies, pneumonia bronchitis, infectious disease, heart disease, conditions originating in the perinatal period, accident and other violent causes ; in 1990 the ranking shifted to congenital anomalies, accident, pneumonia bronchities, conditions originating in the perinatal period, infectious disease. The mortality rate by congenital anomalies in Korea continuously grew than any other causes. Larger increase ocurred during the 1990's