• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.9-18
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to estimate the climate change impact on inflow to Namgang Dam using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated using observed flow data from 2003 to 2014 for the study watershed. The $R^2$ (Determination Coefficient), RMSE (Root Mean Square Error), NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient), and RMAE (Relative Mean Absolute Error) were used to evaluate the model performance. Calibration results showed that the annual mean inflow were within ${\pm}5%$ error compared to the observed. $R^2$ were ranged 0.61~0.87, RMSE were 1.37~7.00 mm/day, NSE were 0.47~0.83, and RMAE were 0.25~0.73 mm/day for daily runoff, respectively. Climate change scenarios were obtained from the HadGEM3-RA. The quantile mapping method was adopted to correct bias that is inherent in the climate change scenarios. Based on the climate change scenarios, calibrated SWAT model simulates the future inflow and evapotranspiration for the study watershed. The expected future inflow to Namgang dam using RCP 4.5 is increasing by 4.8 % and RCP 8.5 is increasing by 19.0 %, respectively. The expected future evapotranspiration for Namgang dam watershed using RCP 4.5 is decreasing by 6.7 % and RCP 8.5 is decreasing by 0.7 %, respectively.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.40-49
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• 1993

The Objectives of this paper were to develop a modified tank model that is capable of simulating daily streamflow from a small watershed using daily watershed evapotranspiration and to test the applicability of the model to different watersheds. Tank model was restructured to consist of three series of tanks, each of which may mathematically reflect watershed runoff mechanisms from different components of surface runoff, interflow, and baseflow. And pan evaporation was correlated to potential evapotranspiration estimated from a combination method, and was multiplied by monthly crop and landuse coefficients, and watershed storage coefficient to estimate the watershed evapotranspiration losses. Ten watersheds were selected to calibrate model parameters that were defined using an optimization scheme, and the results were correlated with watershed parameters. Simulated daily runoff was compared to the observed ones from the tested watersheds. The simulating results were in good agreement with the observed values when optimal and calibrated parameters were used. Ungaged conditions were also applied to compare simulated values to the observed. And the results were in fair conditions for all the tested watersheds which differ considerably in their sizes, landuse types, and physiological features.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.103-103
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 Terra MODIS 위성영상과 Mapping Evapotranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration (METRIC) 모형을 이용하여 2012년부터 2017년까지 한반도 전국의 증발산량을 산정하고 플럭스 타워 실측 증발산량과 비교하였다. METRIC은 전 세계에 널리 적용된 바 있는 에너지 수지 기반의 Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) 모형의 개념과 기술을 기반으로 현열(Sensible Heat Flux) 추정 모듈을 개선한 모형이다. 본 연구에서 METRIC 모형은 기존 C#으로 개발되어 있던 SEBAL 코드에서 현열 추정 모듈을 수정하였고 연산 속도 개선을 위해 Python으로 재작성하였다. METRIC 모형의 위성 자료로 Terra MODIS 위성의 MOD13A2(16day, 1km) NDVI, MOD11A1(Daily, 1km) Land Surface Temperature (LST) 및 MCD43A3(Daily, 500m) Albedo를 구축하였으며 500m 공간해상도의 Albedo는 1000m 해상도로 resample하여 활용하였다. 기상자료는 기상청 기상관측소의 풍속, 풍속측정높이, 습도, 10분 간격 이슬점 온도, 일사량 자료를 위성 자료와 같은 공간해상도로 내삽(Interpolation)하여 구축하였다. 모형결과 검증을 위해 국내 플럭스 타워 (설마천, 청미천, 덕유산) 증발산량 관측 자료와의 결정계수(Coefficient of determination, $R^2$), RMSE(Root mean square error) relative RMSE (RMSE%), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) 및 IOA(Index of Agreement)를 산정하고, 기존 SEBAL 모형 결과와의 비교를 통해 본 모형의 개선점을 보이고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.68-80
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• 1987

This study was carried out to investigate the evapotranspiration and variations of soil moisture contents for soybeans. The relationship between actual evapotranspiration obtained by the water balance equation and estimated evapotranspiration obtained by the soil moisture model was analyzed. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The total amount of actual evapotranspiration of soybeans during growing season was 405.7mm. The total amount of reference crop evapotranspiration of soybeans that was estimated by Pan evaporation and Hargreaves method were 547.8 mm and 586.8 mm, respectively. Crop coefficient during growing season were shown on Table 1. 2. Measured actual evapotranspiration of soybean during growing season was 405.7 mm and estimated actual evapotranspiration by pan evaporation and Hargreaves method were 424.7 mm, and 426.1mm, r3 respectively. 3. The variations of soil moisture content for soybeans were high at 10cm layer, as compared with those at 30cm and 50cm layers. Because discrepancy between the variations of soil moisture content predicted by model and observed by soil moisture meter was still great, it is required to study the consumptive types of soil moisture at each root depth.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.627-640
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• 2011

이 논문에서는 일사량과 일조시간에 관한 통상적인 선형관계식보다 정확한 비선형 관계식에 대한 적용검토를 수행한다. 일조시간을 이용한 일사량 추정에 이어서 Penman-Monteith 방정식을 이용하여 기준 증발산량을 추정하였다. 우리나라 20개 지점의 1997년부터 2006년까지의 일사량 및 일조시간 자료를 포함한 기상자료를 이용하여 선형 그리고 수정 비선형 Angstrom 방정식을 보정하고 기준 증발산량을 추정하였다. 일조시간과 일사량 사이의 선형과 비선형 관계식을 이용한 기준 증발산량의 상대비교를 수행하였다. 선형 및 비선형 관계식을 이용한 방법 모두 RMS 오차는 5.96, NSC(Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient)는 0.95로 추정되었고, 그 차이는 매우 미미하였다. 그러나 상대적으로 일사량이 기준 증발산량에 크게 기여하는 하계에는 그 차이가 증가하기 때문에 보다 개선된 비선형 관계식을 이용하는 방법에 대한 엄밀한 검토가 필요하다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.20-25
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• 2005

In 1998, Food and Agriculture Organization addressed that FAO Modified Penman method possibly overestimates consumptive use of water comparing to the measured reference crop evapotranspiration (PET) and Penman-Monteith method can be better choice for accurate PET estimation. Nevertheless it is still difficult to find research efforts about paddy rice crop coefficient for Penman-Monteith method. This study aims to estimate paddy rice crop coefficients for Penman-Monteith method. To estimate the crop coefficients, measured evapotranspiration data during 1982-1986 were used. The average Penman-Monteith crop coefficients for transplanted paddy rice were ranged in $0.78\;{\sim}\;1.58$.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 1998

In order to provide basic information for the estimation of evapotranspiration for grass (Joycia Japonica), both field lysimeter experiment and model prediction were performed to estimate daily ET Various methods were used to predict daily reference crop ET and crop coefficients. Measured mean daily ET during the 1997 growing season was 4.5mm Model predicted mean daily ET during the 1997 growing season varied from 3.6 to 4.7mm depending on the prediction model Crop coefficients varied from 0.96 to 1.27 depending on the prediction model Comparison of the seven reference crop ET prediction methods used in this study shows that the Penman-Monteith method gave the smallest ET while the Hargreaves method gave the largest ET. The crop coefficient by the corrected Penman method was 1.03, which is closest to 1.0, suggesting that this method may he the best prediction method.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to estimate monthly Morton evapotranspiration (ET) using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from MODIS satellite images. Morton ET for land surface conditions was evaluated by using daily meteorological data, and the monthly averaged Morton ETs for each land cover were compared with the monthly NDVIs of three years (2000-2002) at Chungjudam Watershed. There was a high correlation between monthly NDVI and Morton ET for the watershed with average coefficient of determination, 0.80. By comparing the MODIS NDVI ET with SLURP Morton ET, the SLURP ET was smaller than the MODIS NDVI ET. This was estimated from the consideration of soil moisture condition for the ET occurrence in the SLURP model, the limited information from the monthly NDVI values, and the errors from the derived regression equations.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.341-341
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• 2019

물 순환과정의 구성요소 중 증발산(Evapotranspiration)은 수자원개발을 위한 계획의 수립과 수자원 시스템 운영적 측면에서 대단히 중요한 부분이다. 증발산량을 산정하기 위해서는 온도, 바람, 상대습도, 대기압, 수질 및 수표면의 성질과 형상 등을 산정하여야 하는데 이러한 기상자료들을 확보하기란 매우 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 기온자료만을 이용하여 기준증발산량을 산정할 수 있는 Hargreaves 공식의 경험적 매개변수 및 온도 매개변수를 수정하여 경안천유역의 기준증발산량을 산정하였다. 수정된 공식의 성능평가를 위해 현재 널리 사용되고 있는 Penman-Monteith 방법을 이용하여 산정된 기준증발산량을 정해로 가정하여 Root Mean Square Error와 Nash Sutcliffe Model Efficiency Coefficient분석을 수행하여 검증하였다. 또한 기온 및 Hargreaves 경험적 매개변수와의 상관관계를 이용한 회귀식에 대한 검증을 수행함으로써 본 연구에서 제안한 수정된 공식의 적용가능성을 확인하였으며, 향후 수자원 시스템 운영 측면에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.37-51
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• 1984

The purpose of this study is to find out the determination method of designed duty of water in the rice fields through the comparison of the net unit duty of water at the late reduction division to heading stage with that at the planting stage. The data used for analysing this problem are the data of precipitation and gauge evaporation observed by Cheong-ju Meterological Center, the coefficient of evapotranspiration by College of Agriculture, Chung Buk University and the data of transplanting progressing in Boun area. The results obtained from this analysis are summarized as follows. 1.The occurring year of 1/10 probability value for available precipitation, gauge evaporation and mean maximum daily evapotranspiration during growing season is the year of 1977. 2.The 1/10 probability values of mean maximum evapotranspiration per day under the production rate of 1, 400kg/l0a and 1, 500kg/10a based on the weight of dry matters are 9. 2mm/day and 9. 6mm/day, respectively. 3.The net unit duty of water required in the fields that the maximum planting rate exists is more than the one in the fields that the planting rate is uniform in the planting stage. 4.The determination of net unit duty of water in the late reduction division to heading stage or the planting stage depends upon the daily evapotranspiration and percolation rate in the late reduction division to heading stage or the water depth required for planting and daily consumptive use of water after planting at the planting stage. Therefore the use of figure 5-(1) to figure 5-(6) can easily make the determination of the designed net unit duty of water out of above two kinds of net unit duty of water.