• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.15.1-15.11
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to establish a single-session associative protocol for nonrestorative management of dentin hypersensitivity (DH). Materials and Methods: Twenty-four individuals with DH and a minimum sensitivity level of 4 on the visual analog scale (VAS) were selected. The study was conducted in a split-mouth design, with each participant (n = 20) having at least 1 affected tooth in all quadrants. The management protocols consisted of control group: universal adhesive, Neural Desensitizing Protocol group: 5% potassium nitrate, Mixed Desensitizing Protocol (PAM) group: 5% sodium fluoride and 5% potassium nitrate, Remineralizing Desensitizing Protocol (PDR) group: surface-partially reacted glass technology photopolymerizable varnish. Evaluations were performed immediately after application, at 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, and 12 months using the VAS sensitivity test. Results: The scores were subjected to statistical analysis using the Friedman test (p < 0.05), Durbin-Conover test (p < 0.05), and Wilcoxon test (p < 0.05). At the 12-month evaluation, all groups showed statistically significant differences compared to the initial assessment. For the evaluation after 12 months, there was a statistically significant difference between the PAM group, the control group, and the PDR group. Conclusions: It can be concluded that all groups were effective in controlling DH, but there were significant results in the control group and PDR group. The clinical relevance of this study is to demonstrate that the application of single-session desensitizing protocols can be effective in controlling DH for up to 12 months.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2019

Objectives : Teaching the standardized acupuncture point locations and improving the accuracy of acupoint locations through objective evaluation is a very important part of Korean medicine education. The aim of this study is to develop a dummy system for evaluation and support of teaching acupoint location in meridian and acupoints classes and to introduce the developed system. Methods : We established a protocol for the development of the system. The protocol included definition of usage purpose, definition of its essential performance, and set of scope. The system compares the amount of light at the target acupoint with the amount of light at the other sites to determine whether the target acupoint is properly specificated. Results : A prototype of the system was built according to the protocol and consists of light emitter, dummy, control/operation, input part and output part. The light emitter projects laser beam passing through the skin of the dummy. Light sensors were attached inside the acupoints of the dummy. Three types of light sensors were selected depending on the location of the acupoints. The arithmetic, input, and output parts were constructed using Arduino and Raspberry pi boards. The developed system was applied in class. Conclusions : It is thought that the dummy system for evaluation and support of teaching acupoint location can be used as a training model in order to help teach standardized acupoint locations and objective evaluation.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.161-172
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a nursing protocol for care of hospitalized foreign patients based on necessary nursing care and to evaluate content validity and practical applicability. Methods: A survey was conducted to identify the need for protocol development and to prioritize necessary content to be included in the protocol (N=110). A draft protocol was developed, and 7 experts and 115 nurses evaluated content validity and practical applicability of the protocol. Results: Results of the needs survey showed that all participants agreed there is a need for a protocol. Based on the survey results, a protocol was developed which included: regional culture and healthcare, admission/discharge care, surgical care, pain management, care in diagnostic testing, medication administration, and blood transfusion. Score on the experts' evaluation of content validity of the protocol was $3.66{\pm}0.28$. Practical applicability score was $3.61{\pm}0.29$ in the experts' group and $3.16{\pm}0.11$ in the nurses' group. Total score for validity of the overall content was $29.46{\pm}5.62$. Conclusion: The nursing protocol developed in this study for care of hospitalized foreign patients can contribute to improvement in quality of nursing care for these patients and can also be used as a teaching guideline to educate nurses.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.223-235
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• 2014

Purpose: Resuscitation rooms in emergency department are places for time-critical tasks. This study aimed 1) to develop a resuscitation protocol for dyspneic patients and 2) to evaluate the effect of the resuscitation protocol for dyspneic patients in improving clinical performances. Methods: A panel of experts including emergency physicians and nurses developed a resuscitation protocol for dyspneic patients which included a list of critical interventions and time-limits. The resuscitation protocol was implemented in a emergency medical center for two months. Clinical performances of health care providers were compared by analyzing video-recorded clinical performances. Results: The resuscitation protocol consisted of four steps: Initial treatments within 5 minutes, main treatments within 15 minutes, diagnostic tests within 30 minutes, and disposition within 60 minutes. A total of 43 dyspneic patients (23 patients experimental group, 20 patients control group) were included for the analysis of the clinical performance change. Clinical performance rates were improved significantly from control group (66.71%) to experimental group (82.41%) after implementing the resuscitation protocol (Z=-3.09, p=.004). Conclusion: The resuscitation protocol developed for dyspneic patients improved clinical performance rates of health care providers. Further development of clinical protocols for other emergent cases at resuscitation rooms are strongly recommended.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.43-55
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• 2014

SPDY는 기존 HTTP(Hypertext Transfer Protocol)/1.1의 문제점을 보완하여 웹 속도를 향상시키기 위한 목적으로 구글에서 새롭게 제안한 프로토콜이다. 본 논문은 다양한 환경에서의 성능 측정을 실시함으로써 SPDY 프로토콜의 특징을 알아보고 기존 프로토콜과의 차이점을 비교 분석하였으며 나아가 SPDY의 Flow Control에 대해서 좀 더 자세히 살펴보았다. 측정 실험들을 통해 SPDY 프로토콜은 3G 환경에서는 성능 향상을 보이지만 고속의 무선랜 환경과 이동체 환경에서는 뚜렷한 성능 향상을 보이지 못하는 문제점이 있음을 파악하였으며 Flow Control 역시 제대로 동작하지 않고 있음을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 성능 측정 실험 결과와 이에 대한 분석을 바탕으로 하여 SPDY 프로토콜의 개선방향을 제시하였다.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.259-264
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• 2022

In wireless sensor networks, sensor nodes are often deployed in large numbers in places that are difficult for humans to access. However, the energy of the sensor node is limited. Therefore, one of the most important considerations when designing routing protocols in wireless sensor networks is minimizing the energy consumption of each sensor node. When the energy of a wireless sensor node is exhausted, the node can no longer be used. Various protocols are being designed to minimize energy consumption and maintain long-term network life. Therefore, we proposed KOCED, an optimal cluster K-means algorithm that considers the distances between cluster centers, nodes, and residual energies. I would like to perform a performance evaluation on the KOCED protocol. This is a study for energy efficiency and validation. The purpose of this study is to present performance evaluation factors by comparing the K-means algorithm and the K-medoids algorithm, one of the recently introduced machine learning techniques, with the KOCED protocol.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2009

The purpose of this research is to develop a protocol which can quantitatively evaluate cognitive ability that is needed when elderly people use mobile phone. Since previous methods for measuring the cognitive ability of elderly people was mainly for clinical evaluation, they would not be adequate to measure cognitive ability for mobile phone development. Therefore, this study suggests cognitive areas which are necessary to use the mobile phone based on the existing evaluation tools. The cognitive areas consist of language, visuospatial ability, memory, executive function and perception. New questionnaire was developed to evaluate the individual cognitive ability for the elderly. They include 9 questions for button comprehension test, 8 for icon button comprehension test, 10 for vocabulary comprehension test, 8 for menu comprehension test, 3 for icon size test, and 2 for font size test. The protocol can be used in the field although further modification may be necessary for betterment.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.197-206
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• 1989

본 논문에서는 통신 프로토콜의 성능 분석을 위한 개선된 알고리즘을 제안한다. 이는 분산 시스템의 성능을 모델링하고 평가하는데 성공적으로 사용되어져 온 시간을 포함하는 확장된 Timed Petri Net 모델을 분석하는 알고리즘이다. 제안된 알고리즘은 일반적인 Timed Petir Net가 free-chioce 그리고 safe net 이라는 모델링의 제약을 완화하여, 제한적인 병행처리의 모델링을 허용한다. 그리고 Timed Reachability 그래프의 상태공간을 감소시키기 위해, 최다 수행규칙고 동시점화 트랜지션 집합을 이용한다. 알고리즘의 유용성 및 효율성을 보이기 위하여 Timed Reachability 그래프의 구성과 분석과정을 제시하고, 통신 프로토콜에 적용시켰다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.99-112
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• 2010

국내에서 방사선치료를 위한 선형가속기 품질관리 프로토콜은 많이 개발되어 왔지만 선형가속기를 기반으로 하는 방사선수술장비의 품질관리 프로토콜 개발은 현재까지 거의 이루어져 있지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 선형가속기 기반 일체형 방사선수술장비인 노발리스의 정확도 및 정밀도를 유지하기 위하여 일간, 주간, 월간, 연간에 주기적으로 시행하여야 하는 노발리스 품질관리 프로토콜을 개발 하고 품질관리 상태의 종합적 확인을 할 수 있는 해부학적 팬텀을 제작하였다. 이를 위하여 국내외의 선형가속기를 이용하는 방사선수술 품질관리 프로토콜의 수집 및 분석을 통해 필수적인 품질관리항목과 각 항목의 허용치를 정하였다. 노발리스 품질관리 항목은 기계적 정확도 부분과 방사선 전달 부분의 2가지로 분리하고 기계적 정확도 부분은 방사선발생 장치부, 보조장치부, 그리고 미세다엽 시준기부의 3가지 부분으로 방사선 전달부분은 치료 중심점 평가와 선량학적 평가의 2가지 부분으로 나누어 작성하였다. 최종적으로 노발리스 품질관리 유지를 위하여 시행하여야 하는 일간, 주간, 월간, 연간의 노발리스 품질관리 항목 표를 완성하였다. 완성된 노발리스 품질관리항목 표는 노발리스가 방사선수술에 적합한 정확도 및 정밀도를 유지하는데 필요한 지표로서 기여 할 수 있을 것이라 생각된다.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 1993년도 춘계공동학술대회 발표논문 및 초록집; 계명대학교, 대구; 30 Apr.-1 May 1993
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• pp.49-56
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• 1993

We consider a B/G/1 queueing system with vacations, where the server closes the gate when it begins a vacation. In this system, customers arrive according to a Bernoulli process. The service time and the vacation time follow discrete distributions. We obtain the distribution of the number of customers at a random point in time, and in turn, the distribution of the residence time (queueing time + service time) for a customer. This system finds an application in the performance evaluation of the DQDB protocol which has been adopted as the standard protocol for IEEE 802.6 MAN.