• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

Computed tomography (CT) images are widely used for the analysis of the temporal evaluation or monitoring of the progression of a disease. The follow-up examinations of CT scan images of the same patient require a 3D registration technique. In this paper, an automatic and robust registration is proposed for the rigid registration of 3D CT images. The proposed method involves two steps. Firstly, the two CT volumes are aligned based on their principal axes, and then, the alignment from the previous step is refined by the optimization of the similarity score of the image's voxel. Normalized cross correlation (NCC) is used as a similarity metric and a downhill simplex method is employed to find out the optimal score. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated on phantom images and knee synthetic CT images. By the extraction of the initial transformation parameters with principal axis of the binary volumes, the searching space to find out the parameters is reduced in the optimization step. Thus, the overall registration time is algorithmically decreased without the deterioration of the accuracy. The preliminary experimental results of the study demonstrate that the proposed method can be applied to rigid registration problems of real patient images.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.459-459
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• 2012

Recently, the discharge of global warming gases in dry etching process of TFT-LCD display industry is a serious issue because perfluorocarbon compound (PFC) gas causes global warming effects. PFCs including CF4, C2F6, C3F8, CHF3, NF3 and SF6 are widely used as etching and cleaning gases. In particular, the SF6 gas is chemically stable compounds. However, these gases have large global warming potential (GWP100 = 24,900) and lifetime (3,200). In this work, we chose C3F6O gas which has a very low GWP (GWP100 = <100) and lifetime (< 1) as a replacement gas. This study investigated the effects of the gas flow ratio of C3F6O/O2 and process pressure in dual-frequency capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) etcher on global warming effects. Also, we compared global warming effects of C3F6O gas with those of SF6 gas during dry etching of a patterned positive type photo-resist/silicon nitride/glass substrate. The etch rate measurements and emission of by-products were analyzed by scanning electron Microscopy (SEM; HITACI, S-3500H) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR; MIDAC, I2000), respectively. Calculation of MMTCE (million metric ton carbon equivalents) based on the emitted by-products were performed during etching by controlling various process parameters. The evaluation procedure and results will be discussed in detail.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.113-119
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• 1971

The Daeheung Dolomite Mine, which is about 6km south of Danyang, Chungcheongbugdo, is coincided with almost central portion of the Danyang quardrangle scaled in 1 : 50,000. The purpose of this report is to prepare a information for the economic evaluation on the mine. Geology of the region is composed of worm-eaten limestone, crystalline limestone, crystalline dolomite rock, sandstone and shale from bottom, those are applicable to socalled Dumugol and Maggol formation of Ordovician, and batholithic biotite granite is intruded the west-side of the ditto sedimentary rocks. The dolomite bed, emplaced in bottom of the upper limestone formation, so-called Maggol formation, is about 270m in thickness, and dips $30^{\circ}{\sim}50^{\circ}$ northwest. The facies of the dolomite rock contained many brucite crystals is not only coarse-grained crystalline, but also micro crystalline in contact metasomatic parts. 25 samples were taken from the two series, A and B, in the nearly crossed direction to the strike of the dolomite bed as shown in the geological map. They were chemically analysed on the components of MgO, CaO, and $SiO_2$ as shown in Table 2. The estimate ore reserves total some 107,200,000 metric tons above the 320m level with the following average contents: MgO 21.80%, CaO 29.27% and $SiO_2$ 0.64%. It is caused by brucite minerals that MaO content in the dolomite rock is higher than pure dolomite (21.7%). The dolomite ore is possible in use for magnesian fertilizer, magnesian cement and refractory material, especially the microcrystalline dolomite ore is useful for a refractory material in furnaces of iron industries.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제6권9호
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• pp.2118-2135
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• 2012

With the rapid development of heterogeneous emerging wireless technologies and numerous types of mobile devices, the need to support robust mobile video streaming based on the seamless handover in Future Internet is growing. To support the seamless handover, several IP-based mobility management protocols such as Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6), fast handover for the MIPv6 (FMIPv6), Hierarchical MIPv6 (HMIPv6) and Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) were developed. However, MIPv6 depreciates the Quality-of-Service (QoS) and FMIPv6 is not robust for the video services in heterogeneous emerging wireless networks when the Mobile Node (MN) may move to another visited network in contrast with its anticipation. In Future Internet, the possibility of mobile video service failure is more increased because mobile users consisting of multiple wireless network interfaces (WNICs) can frequently change the access networks according to their mobility in heterogeneous wireless access networks such as 3Generation (3G), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) and Bluetooth co-existed. And in this environment, seamless mobility is coupled according to user preferences, enabling mobile users to be "Always Best Connected" (ABC) so that Quality of Experience is optimised and maintained. Even though HMIPv6 and PMIPv6 are proposed for the location management, handover latency enhancement, they still have limit of local mobility region. In this paper, we propose a robust mobile video streaming in Heterogeneous Emerging Wireless Systems. In the proposed scheme, the MN selects the best-according to an appropriate metric-wireless technology for a robust video streaming service among all wireless technologies by reducing the handover latency and initiation time when handover may fail. Through performance evaluation, we show that our scheme provides more robust mechanism than other schemes.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.68-81
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 순위가 부여되는 영상 데이터베이스 검색 시스템의 검색효율을 평가하기 위한 새로운 단일가 척도를 제안한다. 좋은 순위부여 시스템이 되기 위한 조건은 첫째, 관련영상을 많이 검색해야 하며 둘째, 부적합 영상은 검색하지 말아야 하며 셋째, 평균순위가 높아야 하고, 넷째, 검색된 관련영상들이 밀집되어 있어야 한다. 기존 평가척도들이 일부 조건만을 반영하며 개략적 혹은 부정확한 평가 결과를 보이는데 반해, 제안하는 평가척도 NDS(Normalized Distance Sum)는 이러한 문제점들을 모두 해결한다. NDS의 우수성을 입증하기 위해 ${\_nC_r(_10C_5=252, _20C_9=167,960)}$개의 검색패턴을 자동 발생시켜 이를 기존 평가척도와 함께 측정 비교한다. 이 패턴들은 n 순위 내에서 r 개의 관련 영상이 검색된다고 가정하였을 때 재구적 함수 호출에 의해 자동 발생된것들이다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2014

This paper introduces emergy(spelled with "m") that is a new environmental indicator in architecture, aiming to clarify conflicting claims of building design components in the process of energy-retrofit. Much of design practitioners' attention on low energy use in operational phases, may simply shift the lowered environmental impact within the building boundary to large consumption of energy in another area. Specifically, building energy reduction strategies without a holistic view starting from natural formation, may lead to the depletion of non-renewable geobiological sources (e.g. minerals, fossil fuels, etc.), which leaves a building with an isolated energy-efficient object. Therefore, to overcome the narrow outlook, this research discusses the total ecological impact of a building which embraces all process energy as well as environmental cost represented by emergy. A case study has been conducted to explore emergy-driven design work. In comparison with operational energy-driven scenarios, the results elucidate how energy and emergy-oriented decision-making bring about different design results, and quantify building components' emergy contribution in the end. An average-size ($101.9m^2$) single family house located in South Korea was sampled as a benchmark case, and the analysis of energy and material use was conducted for establishment of the baseline. Adoption of the small building is effective for the goal of study since this research intends to measure environmental impact according to variation of passive design elements (windows size, building orientation, wall materials) with new metric (emergy) regardless of mechanical systems. Performance simulations of operational energy were developed and analyzed separately from the calculation of emergy magnitudes in building construction, and then the total emergy demand of each proposed design was evaluated. Emergy synthesis results verify that the least operational energy scenario requires greater investment in indirect energy in construction, which clearly reveals that efficiency gains are likely to be overwhelmed by increment of material flows. This result places importance on consideration of indirect energy use underscoring necessity of emergy evaluation towards the environment-friendly building in broader sense.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2013

최근 스마트폰의 발전에 따라서 많은 위치 기반 서비스가 활용되고 있으며, 위치 정보 노출로 인한 문제점이 사회적 이슈로 대두되고 있다. 기존의 잘 알려진 위치 정보 보호를 위한 공간 클로킹 기법은 사용자가 요청한 지역에서 위치 정보를 흐릿하게 처리하였다. 하지만 계속적으로 움직이는 이동 객체의 모든 지역을 클로킹하기에는 범위공간이 무수히 넓어지는 문제를 가진다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 이동 객체 정보 보호를 위한 그리드 기반 시멘틱 클로킹 기법을 제안한다. 제안 기법은 시멘틱 클로킹을 위하여 EMD 갱신 스키마를 확장하고 이동 객체를 위한 대표 보호지역의 클로킹을 정의하였다. 성능 평가에서는 제안 기법이 기존 기법에 비해 처리 시간과 공간 범위에서 안전성과 효율성을 높였다. 이를 통해, 성공적으로 다양한 적으로부터 지속적으로 움직이는 객체의 위치 개인 정보를 보호하여 기존의 방법을 능가하는 성능을 보인다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제58권9호
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• pp.34.1-34.9
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• 2016

Background: By-products of pickled radish (BPR) are considered food waste. Approximately 300 g/kg of the total mass of raw materials becomes BPR. Production of pickled radish has grown continuously and is presently about 40,000 metric tons annually in Korea. The objective of the present study was thus to explore the possibility of using BPR as a ruminant feed ingredient. Results: BPR contained a large amount of moisture (more than 800 g/kg) and ash, and comprised mostly sodium (103 g/kg DM) and chloride (142 g/kg DM). On a dry matter basis, the crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) levels in BPR were 75 g/kg and 7 g/kg, respectively. The total digestible nutrient (TDN) level was 527 g/kg and the major portion of digestible nutrients was carbohydrate; 88 % organic matter (OM) was carbohydrate and 65 % of total carbohydrate was soluble or degradable fiber. The coefficient of variation (CV) of nutrient contents among production batches ranged from 4.65 to 33.83 %. The smallest CV was observed in OM, and the largest, in EE. The variation in CP content was relatively small (10.11 %). The storage stability test revealed that storage of BPR at $20^{\circ}C$ (room temperature) might not cause spoilage for 4 d, and possibly longer. If BPR is refrigerated, spoilage can be deferred for 21 d and longer. The in vitro ruminal fermentation study showed that substitution of annual ryegrass straw with BPR improved ruminal fermentation, as evidenced by an increase in VFA concentration, DM degradability, and total gas production. Conclusion: The major portion of nutrients in BPR is soluble or degradable fiber that can be easily fermented in the rumen without adverse effects, to provide energy to ruminant animals. Although its high sodium chloride content needs to be considered when formulating a ration, BPR can be successfully used as a feed ingredient in a ruminant diet, particularly if it is one component of a total mixed ration.

• 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.225-234
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• 2016

다양한 의료 IoT 디바이스들이 등장함에 따라 개인의 의료 데이터를 수집하고, 수집된 개인 의료 데이터로부터 개인 건강 상태를 분석할 수 있게 되었다. 그러나, 건강 평가 항목에 따라 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어 설계가 결정되어 개발 난이도가 높다. 본 논문에서는 의료 데이터를 수집하고 수집한 의료 데이터를 분석하여 건강 평가를 하는 다양한 시스템들을 개발하는데, 범용적으로 활용될 수 있는 플랫폼 설계를 제안한다. 이를 위해, 먼저 범용 건강 평가 모델인 건강 인덱스 계산 메트릭을 정의한다. 그리고, 제시된 범용 건강 인덱스를 기반으로 다양한 측면에서 건강을 평가할 때 필요한 하드웨어 플랫폼 및 소프트웨어 플랫폼 설계 모델을 제안한다. 또한, 제안된 플랫폼을 이용하여 레인보우 변기 시스템을 개발한 사례를 통하여, 플랫폼의 실용적 적용성을 평가한다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.43-55
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• 2005

세계의 인구증가와 경제성장에 따라 천연자원 특히 전략금속의 수요가 급격히 증가하고 있다. 국가가 보유하고 있는 자원의 양은 천연자원 뿐 아니라 재활용을 통하여 얻을 수 있는 폐자원을 함께 포함해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 전략금속의 안정적 확보와 폐자원의 효율적 재활용을 위하여 코발트의 국내외 사용현황 등을 조사하였으며 아울러 미국 내에서의 코발트 물질흐름에 대한 자료를 정리하였다. 그 결과 미국에서는 2003년도에 약 8,000톤의 코발트가 사용되었으며 원료로 재사용된 스크랩의 양은 총사용량의 28%인 2,200톤이었다. 미국의 경우 초합금과 촉매의 재활용은 잘 이루어지고 있으나 자석류와 초경합금의 경우 재활용율이 다소 낮음을 알 수 있었다.