• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.317-323
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• 2009

Background: Although high efficiency of conversion into sinus rhythm has been demonstrated after performing the Cox-Maze procedure in patients with atrial fibrillation associated with mitral valve disease, the changes in the mechanical function and size of the left atrium have not been determined. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the Maze procedure on the left atrial size and contractile transport function. Material and Method: From July 1997 to July 2008, 647 consecutive patients were operated on for chronic atrial fibrillation associated with mitral valve disease. Among these, 211 patients that (1) were able to be followed up for 2 years after surgery, (2) had sustained normal sinus rhythm, regardless of whether they were taking anti-arrhythmic medications and (3) did not have valvular regurgitation greater than grade III or they did not have moderate grade valvular stenosis were selected for evaluation. The left atrial size and contractile transport function were assessed by transthoracic echocardiography at the postoperative base line (1 year) and at regular follow-up periods (2 years, 3 years, 4 years and 6 year). Result: The left atrial dimension was increased and the contractile transport function was decreased during the follow-up period. The longer the follow-up period, the greater was the statistical significance of the left atrial size increase and contractile transport function decrease. Conclusion: In patients who sustain normal sinus rhythm conversion after a Maze III procedure with a mitral valve operation, there is a gradual increase of the left atrial dimensions and a decrease of contractile transport function during the follow-up period. Therefore, scrupulous follow-up is needed for these patients.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.21-29
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• 2017

In this study of visitor place attachment to parks, Scannel and Gilford considered the dimensions of place attachment, and proposed the theoretical framework of PPP(Place, Person, Process) that should be systematically studied from the perspective of person, place and psychological processes. According to Scannel's theoretical basis, this paper puts forward the hypothesis of a structure model of place attachment. In the model, the five independent variables of people, places, cognition, emotion, and behavior have influenced the dependent variable of place attachment. The questionnaire was conducted on 18 neighborhood parks in Kunming, China, and the residents of the 5 neighborhood parks in Daejeon, South Korea. A total of 1,645 valid samples of the questionnaire survey were collected. Through confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) results of the inspection of the various elements, it was shown that the reliabilities of 6 latent variables, such as people, places, cognition, affection, behavior and place attachment, which were composed with the observed variables(30 observed variables in Daejeon, 19 observed variables in Kunming), were all above 0.7 and the data were fit for this study. The hypothesis test results found that the physical environment of the neighborhood parks such as a comfortable environment, pleasant road and convenient facilities would increase the rate of visitors coming back. From the park management perspective, to increase the amount of visitors to the park, the park should increase visibility, provide more organized, varied activities and meetings, or special exhibitions according to the particular characteristics of the individual park, to increase awareness of the park. From the park visitors' psychological perspective, visitors are seeking to enjoy the park facilities and environment not only to bring physical relaxation, but also to bring about a psychological cure. With the commonality of attachment structure between the two countries, to improve the place attachment of neighborhood park visitors, collecting regularly visitor feedback will facilitate the sustainable development of neighborhood park attachment.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2008

In this study, we observed the alteration of choline signal intensity in hippocampus region of the depressive rat model induced by forced swimming test (FST). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antidepressant efficacy in the depressive animal model using MR spectroscopy. Fourteen experimentally naive male Sprague-Dawley rats weighting $160{\sim}180\;g$ were used as subjects. Drug injection group was exposed to the FST except for control group. The drugs were administered subcutaneously (SC) in a volume equivalent to 2ml/kg. And three injections were administered 23, 5, and 1h before beginning the given test. 1H MR spectra were obtained with use of a point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) localization sequence performed according to the following parameters: repetition time, 2500 ms; echo time, 144 ms; 512 average; 2048 complex data points; voxel dimensions, $1.5{\times}2.5{\times}2.5\;mm^3$ ; acquisition time, 25min. There were no differences in NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratio between the right and the left hippocampus both normal control rats and antidepressant-injected rats. Also, no differences were observed in NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratio between the normal control rats and the antidepressant-injected rats both the right and the left hippocampus. In this study, we found the recovery of choline signals in the depressive animal model similar to normal control groups as injecting desipramine-HCl which was antidepressant causing anti-immobility effects. Thus, we demonstrated that MR spectroscopy was able to aid in evaluating the antidepressant effect of desipramine-HCl.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze about STS contents in the next generation science textbook for 10th grade according to curriculum revision 2007 and high school science textbooks focused on the Earth Science which were published according to the 7th curriculum. The contents of STS were analyzed by the STS topics of Yager(1989), Piel's standard(1981), and student activities by SATIS. The results of this study are the same as follows: 'The next generation science textbook' was shown that 20.9% is STS material amount in average by Yager's standard. 'High school science textbooks' were shown that 11.3% is STS material amount in average. Based on the STS topics by Yager's standard, most of STS content is focused on 'Relativity with local community', 'Application of science' and 'Cooperative work on real problems'. However, there is rare contents such as 'Multiple dimensions of science', 'Practice with decision-making strategies' and 'Evaluation concerned for getting and using information' in the next generation science textbook. In high school science textbooks were shown that 'Applicability of science' is the highest and 'Relativity with local community' is the next high contents. Based on the STS topics by Piel's standard, most of STS contents are focused on 'Environmental quality', 'Space research' and 'National defence' in the next generation science textbook. But high school science textbooks are focused on 'Natural resources' and 'Technology development'. The activities were analyzed by SATIS student activities. The major categories of activities included in the next generation science textbook were 'Investigation', 'Simulation' and 'Data analysis'. But, there were rare activities like 'Roleplaying', 'Research design' and 'Simulation' in high school science textbooks.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.27-48
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop a theme-selection activity in 'clothing life' in relation to SDGs(Sustainable Development Goals) for the free semester program. After analyzing the contents of the 'clothing life' area of middle school home economics textbooks based on the SDGs, the content system and learning goals were set. Then a program was developed and the validity and the feasibility of the program were verified. As a result of the analysis of textbooks, the contents of 'clothing life' included all the three basic dimensions of social development, economic growth, and environment protection, yet focus only on 1 or 2 goals of each area. Based on the results of the analysis, a 'Righteous(義) Clothing(衣) Life' program was developed. The developed program consists of teaching-learning process plans and teaching-learning materials in eight class periods, including 'The future everyone dreams of' based on SDG12, 'Two faces of fast fashion' based on SDG1, SDG5, SDG8, SDG10, 'Living as Homoclimatus' based on SDG13, and 'The future we create' based on SDG9 and SDG12. Through the expert evaluation process for the developed program, the program's teaching and learning adequacy and feasibility were reviewed and feedback was actively reflected to correct and supplement the program. Through this study, it is expected that it will contribute to laying the foundation for establishing home economics as a subject that educates citizens who practice sustainable life, and a pivotal subject in education for sustainable development.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.122-127
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• 2010

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of calcium phosphate coated titanium implant surface on bone response and implant stability at early stage of healing period of 3 weeks and later healing period of 6 weeks. Material and methods: A total of 24 machined, screw-shaped implants (Dentium Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea) which dimensions were 3.3 mm in diameter and 5.0 mm in length, were used in this research. All implants (n = 24), made of commercially pure (grade IV) titanium, were divided into 2 groups. Twelve implants (n = 12) were machined without any surface modification (control). The test implants (n = 12) were anodized and coated with thin film (150nm) of calcium phosphate by electron-beam deposition. The implants were placed on the proximal surface of the rabbit tibiae. The bone to implant contact (BIC) ratios was evaluated after 3 and 6 weeks of implant insertion. Results: The BIC percentage of calcium phosphate coated implants ($70.8{\pm}18.9%$) was significantly higher than that of machined implants ($44.1{\pm}16.5%$) 3 weeks after implant insertion (P = 0.0264). However, there was no significant difference between the groups after 6 weeks of healing (P > .05). Conclusion: The histomorphometric evaluation of implant surface revealed that; 1. After 3 weeks early healing period, bone to implant contact (BIC) percentage of calcium phosphate coated implants (70.8%) was much greater than that of surface untreated machined implants (44.1%) with P = 0.0264. 2. After 6 weeks healing period, however, BIC percentage of calcium phosphate coated implants group (79.0%) was similar to the machined only implant group (78.6%). There was no statistical difference between two groups (P = 0.8074). 3. We found the significant deference between the control group and experimental group during the early healing period of 3 weeks. But no statistical difference was found between two groups during the later of 6 weeks.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.193-199
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• 2014

Purpose : To evaluate the relationship between superior labral dimension of the glenohumeral joint on direct MRA and presence of SLAP lesion. Materials and Methods: IRB approval was obtained and informed consent was waived for this retrospective study. Direct MRA studies of the shoulder in 296 patients (300 shoulders) with arthroscopic surgery were analyzed by two radiologists blinded to the arthroscopic results, which were used as gold standard. One of the radiologists reviewed the images twice (session 1 and 2) for the evaluation of intra-observer variability. Transverse and longitudinal dimensions of superior labrum on coronal T1-weighted images were measured as base and height of the inverted triangular-shaped superior labrum and compared between patients with SLAP lesions vs. non-SLAP patients. Presence of meniscoid labrum was noted. Statistical analysis was done using unpaired t-test. Results: Among 279 patients (283 shoulders), 122 patients (43.1%) had SLAP lesions. The mean base/height of superior labrum in SLAP and non-SLAP patients measured on T1-weighted MR image were 8.8 mm / 5.2 mm, 8.5 mm / 4.9 mm for reader 1; 8.2 mm / 4.9 mm, 8.1 mm / 4.5 mm for session 1 of reader 2; 8.0 mm / 4.8 mm, 7.6 mm / 4.3 mm for session 2 of reader 2. In SLAP group, the mean labral height was larger than non-SLAP group with statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Fifteen patients (5.3%) had meniscoid labrum according to operation records. Conclusion: In patients with SLAP lesion, the height of the superior glenoid labrum on oblique coronal image of MRA was slightly larger than non-SLAP patients. A larger height of superior glenoid labrum may be associated with SLAP lesions.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.451-461
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• 2015

In megavoltage (MV) radiotherapy, delivering the dose to the target volume is important while protecting the surrounding normal tissue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the modulation transfer function (MTF), the noise power spectrum (NPS), and the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) using an edge block in megavoltage X-ray imaging (MVI). We used an edge block, which consists of tungsten with dimensions of 19 (thickness) ${\times}$ 10 (length) ${\times}$ 1 (width) $cm^3$ and measured the pre-sampling MTF at 6 MV energy. Various radiation therapy (RT) devices such as TrueBeam$^{TM}$ (Varian), BEAMVIEW$^{PLUS}$ (Siemens), iViewGT (Elekta) and Clinac$^{(R)}$iX (Varian) were used. As for MTF results, TrueBeam$^{TM}$(Varian) flattening filter free(FFF) showed the highest values of $0.46mm^{-1}$ and $1.40mm^{-1}$ for MTF 0.5 and 0.1. In NPS, iViewGT (Elekta) showed the lowest noise distribution. In DQE, iViewGT (Elekta) showed the best efficiency at a peak DQE and $1mm^{-1}DQE$ of 0.0026 and 0.00014, respectively. This study could be used not only for traditional QA imaging but also for quantitative MTF, NPS, and DQE measurement for development of an electronic portal imaging device (EPID).

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.50-58
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• 2014

Due to the cost burden of new construction, the necessity of repair and retrofitting of aged structures is sharply increasing as the domain of repair and retrofitting construction is expanding. Because of the necessity, new technologies for repair and retrofitting are continuously studied in Korea and foreign countries. Steel adhesive method, fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) surface adhesive method, and external prestressing method are used to perform the repair and retrofitting works in Korea. In order to consider a repair method using steel mesh reinforced cement mortar (SMCM), 3-point flexural member test was conducted considering repair area and layer number of SMCM. Five types of specimens including ordinary reinforced concrete (RC) specimen with dimensions of $1400{\times}500{\times}200$ (mm) were cast for testing the deflection measurement, a LVDT was installed at the top center of the specimens. Also, a steel strain gauge and a concrete strain gauge were placed at the center of the specimens. A steel strain gauge was also installed on the shear reinforcement. The 3 point flexural member test results showed that the maximum load of SMCM reinforced specimen was higher than that of basic RC specimen in all of the load-displacement curves. Also, the results showed that, when the whole lower part of the basic RC specimen was reinforced, the maximum load and strain were 1.18 and 1.37 times higher than that of the basic RC specimen, respectively. Each specimen showed a slightly different failure behavior where the difference of the results was caused by the difference in the adhesive level between SMCM and RC. Particularly, in SM-B1 specimen, SMCM spalled off during the experiment. This failure behavior showed that the adhesive performance for RC must be improved in order to utilize SMCM as repair and retrofitting material.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.60-72
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• 2016

This study aims to suggest strategies of development and management for large parks by examining experimental cases of park governance models related to a shift away from public administration. The shifts towards governance as well as public-private partnership in city parks have involved the need for new public management. This study has analyzed two exemplary cases of Presidio Park and Sydney Harbour National Park in the aspects of planning process and management strategies, as the results derived the meaning and effect of park governance management and is also an essential prerequisite for the achievement of the model. There are six dimensions of research frames--namely policy, governance, partnership, finances and funds, design and maintenance-management, and evaluation-monitoring-taken as the basis for this study. Through the analysis, several key characteristics of these cases were elicited. First, the park planning process must be consistent in carrying a policy from planning to implementation, and furthermore, an independent operation body which can properly authorize an execution and uphold its responsibility from the public could serve in adaptable park services. Second, it has been suggested to build various partnerships with PAs and NGOs, private corporations, community groups, and academic institutes that allow it to expand the diversity of the park activities. Third, there has been experimental exploration to achieve a financially self-sufficient model by establishing internal revenue models and hence allow the reduction of reliance on public finances. The result of this type of park management would allow for improving park quality and make the park space a vital part of the local economy. Fourth, the strategies for a local community's participation are needed to allow the community to become a producer as well as a consumer. This study shows that the direction and significance of the park governance model regarding the fact that the plans sought by the two parks are extending the layout of public-centered discussion to the private sector and the third non-governmental sector including to the local community group. This shows both implications and limitations, such as the risk of privatization through non-governmental activities at the park or the violation of essential functions as a public good due to a profit-generating management policy for securing financial self-sufficiency. At the current point in which plans are under way for the development and management of large parks, a park governance model requires continuous study and expansion of discussion in the future.