• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.356-362
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• 2008

This study is intended to evaluate the characteristics of smoke spreading and the appropriateness of evacuation time extended by operation of smoke control system during fire within the underground space of the building structured in compliance with the smoke control system performance criteria from the local fire safety standard in Korea. As a preceding review of this study, the combustibles was categorized and identified their heat release rates. For validate the estimated values, modeling a single underground shop was carried out. And a numerical analysis both in case of smoke control system in operation and the system not in operation was carried out of underground space. From the viewpoint of securing the evacuation time, the results were compared in an attempt to assess the appropriateness of the fire safety criteria.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.103-109
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• 2004

The risk of underground space become an important issue of life safety thought the Taeku subway line Accident. It is essential to study of smoke control screen to minimize the damage of human life because of smoke passage and passenger evacuation routes are on the same vertical and dispersion movement. The Fire modeling result shows the effect of fire control screen can save the evacuation time about 2-2.5 times compare to existing the system However, The designs of fire control screen need to be complied with smoke control ventilation system to present optimum design and the position of installation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.63-69
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• 2015

In this study, a 2D hydrodynamic model equipped with critical dry depth scheme was developed to reproduce the flow over staircase. The channel geometry of hydraulic experiment conducted by Ishigaki et al. was generated in the computational space, and the developed model was validated against flow properties such as discharge, velocity and momentum. In addition, the water surface profile and the velocity distribution evolved in flow over two layers staircases were analyzed. When the initial water depth at the upper floor was 0.3 m, the maximum velocity at lower floor was 4.2 m/s, and the maximum momentum was $1.2m^3/s^2$, and its conversion to force per unit width was 1.2 kN/m. This value was equivalent to the hydrostatic force with 50 cm water depth, and evacuation became difficult, as proposed by Ishigaki et al. For the flow over staircases connecting two layers, the maximum run-up height in flat part connecting two layers was approximately two times higher than the initial water depth in upper floor, and the rapid shock wave with sharp front and long tail was propagated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.189-194
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• 2006

The emergency lighting plan for underground space should be done with consideration of characteristics of the space. Through the Space Syntax theory, it is possible to do quantitative analysis of the space. Integration and intelligibility are major index of this theory and we can use them as emergency lighting design parameters. For this study, human behaviors and survivor's evacuation routes in fire emergencies are analyzed through literature review. Based on those results, this study suggests the methodology of emergency lighting plan in underground space.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1354-1361
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• 2007

The evacuation simulation study was performed with the boundary condition of a fire simulator, referring to Dae-gu Subway Fire Accident which was a real station fire. The subway station was modelled from B3F station building to B2F waiting room in fire simulation. Also, a fire simulation were performed with CFAST and FLUENT. In CFAST, the total 29 zones were divided into 18 station buildings in B3F and 11 station buildings in B2F. In FLUENT, the simulated space had the same establishment as zone of CFAST. The study focused on possibility for application of fire simulation in underground station by comparing the resulted values from two simulators. For application of fire effect, the fire data were loaded directly to EXODUS in the case of CFAST and performed a passenger evacuation simulation. In the case of FLUENT, Out Data values of a fire simulation were difficult to be compatible with EXODUS. Two resulted values of passenger evacuation simulation by fire simulation were compared with the Dae-gu Subway Fire Accident in reality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

In this study, we provided an index for the quantitative and systematic performance based fire risk assessment. A complex cinema was adopted for the fire scenario and the fire simulation was carried out by using FDS. Also evacuation time was calculated by using SIMULEX. We obtained a big different fire risk assessment result by the focus on the between space basis and the time basis. As a result of this study, performance based fire risk assessment should be performed on the basis of individual evacuee's path line.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.478-481
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• 2011

This study is intended to evaluate and optimize the characteristics of smoke spreading and the appropriateness of evacuation time extended by operation of smoke control system during fire within the underground space of the building structured in compliance with the smoke control system performance criteria from the local fire safety standard, which has been currently applied to the buildings in Korea. Using the heat release per unit weight of the combustibles, a numerical analysis both in case of smoke control system in operation and the system not in operation was carried out at the several different shopping malls. From the viewpoint of securing the evacuation time, the results were compared in an attempt to assess the appropriateness of the fire safety criteria.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.32-39
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• 2023

One of the main problems faced in developing India's first HTS power cable was that of shrinkage in length of the double-walled vacuum-insulated cryostat. The shrinkage was due to the evacuation of the annular vacuum space which results in a shorter working cable length. This work reports experimentally observed contraction during evacuation and analyses corrugated pipes/bellows which house the cable core of HTS cables. The effect of corrugation geometry including length, corrugation pitch and depth, diameters of corrugated pipes and thicknesses of pipes is studied numerically to realize the degree of shrinkage due to vacuum as well as chill down. Finally, necessary length compensation and associated cost is determined to tackle the shrinkage issue.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1-9
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• 2006

The emergency lighting plan for underground space should be done with consideration of characteristics of the space. In terms of utilizing the Depthmap program from the Space Syntax theory, it is possible to analyze space quantitatively. Integration and intelligibility are major induces of this theory and we can use them as emergency lighting design parameters. For this study, human behaviors and survivor's evacuation routes in fire emergencies are analyzed through literature review. Based on those results, this study suggests the methodology of emergency lighting plan in underground space.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.348-355
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• 2008

In Korea, the Seoul subway line 1 was opened in 1974 and the subway service is being operated in Seoul, Pusan, Daegu, Daejeon, and Inchon. The subway station is related to a underground shopping mall that was developed as complex spaces. According to the time of people's stay at the underground space, the necessity about the safety countermeasure of the underground space has been enlarged. Therefore the result of this study is t propose guidelines for improving the evacuation safety performance in underground subway stations.