• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제39권
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• pp.1.1-1.7
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• 2017

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by a neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells primarily in the bone marrow. Bisphosphonates (BP) are used as supportive therapy in the management of MM. This study aimed to analyze the incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of medication-related necrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in MM patients. Methods: One hundred thirty MM patients who had previous dental evaluations were retrospectively reviewed. Based on several findings, we applied the staging and treatment strategies on MRONJ. We analyzed gender, age, type of BP, incidence, and local etiological factors and assessed the relationship between these factors and the clinical findings at the first oral examination. Results: MRONJ was found in nine male patients (6.9%). The mean patient age was 62.2 years. The median BP administration time was 19 months. Seven patients were treated with a combination of IV zoledronate and pamidronate, and two patients received single-agent therapy. The lesions were predominantly located in the mandible (n = 8), and the most common predisposing dental factor was a history of prior extraction (n = 6). Half of the MRONJ were related to diseases found on the initial dental screen. Patients with MRONJ were treated with infection control and antibiotic therapy. When comparing between the MRONJ stage and each factor (sign, location, etiologic factor, BP type, treatment, and outcome), there were no significant differences between stages, except for between the stage and sign (with or without purulence). Conclusions: For prevention of MRONJ, we recommend routine dental examinations and treatment prior to starting BP therapy.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2012

Depression and executive dysfunction are common neuropsychiatric sequelae of stroke. Patients with stroke are more predisposed to depression and executive dysfunction compared to patients with similar degree of physical disability. Both depression and executive dysfunction are also associated with poor prognosis such as high mortality and delayed recovery after stroke. Complex neurobiological and anatomical mechanisms are associated with the development of depression and executive dysfunction after stroke. Activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines is thought to be associated with onset of depression, whereas injuries in frontal-subcortical circuit are thought to be a link between depression and executive dysfunction. Early detection of depressive symptoms and both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment would be helpful. In this review paper, the authors investigated 1) biological and neuroanatomical substrate for poststroke depression and executive dysfunction, 2) the relationship and common etiopathology for poststroke depression and executive dysfunction, and 3) pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment for poststroke depression. The contents of the paper are as follows : the prevalence, clinical manifestation, and biological etiology for poststroke depression, neuroanatomical abnormalities as a common etiological factor for depression and executive dysfunction, pharmacotherapy and non-pharmacological approach.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2007

1. The etiological causes of Pain in Shoulder and Arm based on literatures of Oriental medicine are attack of wind-heat on the lung, wind cold, damp-heat struggle between the vital energy and pathogenic factor and six pathogenic factors And all these causes are the conception of blockage syndrome, $Q_1$ and blood stagnating in meridian system. 2. Symptoms of Pain in Shoulder and Arm based on literatures of Oriental medicine are shoulder pain, restriction of activity and radiating pain. 3. The treatments of Pain in Shoulder and Arm based on literatures of Oriental medicine are mainly composed of both medical therapy for $B_1$ syndrome due to pathogenic wind, deficiency of both $Q_1$ and blood, consumption of the liver and the spleen, and also acupuncture and moxibustion treatment by selection of acupoint. And those treatments are for treating etiology. And also there are treatments using the meridian system and Twelve Muscle Region and Ashihyeol for the purpose of treating the symptoms. 4. Acupoints such as Gyun-u, Gyun-jung, Goi-ji, Ju-ryo and Bi-no are most used in treating shoulder and arm pain based on based on literatures of Oriental medicine.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.291-301
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• 1989

To investigate the epidemiological trait of intestinal diseases of animals caused by thermophilic Campylobacter spp., isolation of etiological agent was carried out. Isolated Campylobacter spp. were biotyped, serotyped and the susceptibility of the isolates to antimicrobial agents were examined. Th results were as follows. 1. Isolation rates of Campylobacter spp. from 649 fecal materials of 208 cattle, 300 pigs and 141 chickens were 25.5%, 23.7% and 38.3%, respectively. 2. The majority of the 130 isolates of C jejuni was classified as biotype I(50.6%) and biotype II (34.6%). Most of the 46 isolates of C coli were biotype I (71.7%). 3. Isolated C jejuni strains showed 14 different serotype, and serotype 4, 26, 36 were most frequent. Isolated C coli strains showed 5 different serotype and serotype 31 and 21 were relatively common. 4. Isolated Campylobacter spp. were highly susceptible to nalidixic acid, amikacin, gentamicin, colistin and chlorampehnocol.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제16권1호통권29호
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• pp.118-131
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• 1995

According to the oriental medicine study on G.B.S, we obtained the result as follows : 1. G.B.S was inclined in flacid paralysis and pain and numbness(痺) in oriental medicine. 2. Etiology factors of G.B.S was classified exogenous and endogenous pathogenic factors. The formers was warmth and heat(濕熱), summer heat and dampness(暑濕), dampness and heat(濕熱), and cool and dampness(寒濕), the latter was the deficiency in both the spleen and the stomach(脾胃虛弱), deficiency of Yin(vital essence) in both the liver and kidney(肝腎陰虛) the factor of dampness and heat(濕熱) was most numerous. 3. Pathological mechanism of G.B.S was close connected with the five viscera - the spleen(脾), the stomach(胃), the liver(肝), the kidney(腎), the lung(肺) 4. Differentiation of Symptom-Complexes(辨症) in the G.B.S was consumption type of nutrient fluid due to heat symptom in the lung(肺熱傷津), fullness type of dampness and heat(濕熱侵淫), defiency type in both the spleen and the kidney(脾腎不足), deficiency type in both the spleen and the stomach(脾胃虛弱), deficiency type in the liver and the kidney(肝腎兩虛) 5. Acupuncture treatment for G.B.S was mainly Yangmoung channels of both the hand and the foot.(手足陽明經)

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.739-745
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• 2000

xWe studied about the causes of hypertension in the occidental and oriental medical records and the results are as follows. 1. The causes of hypertension in oriental medicine can be divided into wind, fire, phlegm and deficiency of Qi in our body, and broadly into three categories as emotions in excess, improper diet and damages of endogenous etiological factors. 2. Hypertension is the disease of undermining of fundamental aspects while prevailing incidental aspects and liver, heart and kidneys are the organs mainly related to hypertension. 3. The main pathological factors of hypertension are as follows; the disorder of Yin and Yang makes the situation of the deficiency of the vital essence of kidneys and the exuberance of the vital essence of liver and they are the fundamentals to be taken hypertension and finally make the state of the deficiency of both Yin and Yang. 4. In the point of occidental medical view, the essential hypertension is a disease of unknown etiology and we think it occurs not on the only one factor but on the various factors and secondary hypertension occurs from the diseases of the substances and the vessels of kidneys.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.121-126
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• 1990

The true heartache is a condition of severe heartache corresponding to angina pectoris, as recorded from Hwang Jae Nai Kyung. According to the literatural study of true heartache, some results can be acquired, such as follows. 1. The site of the true Heartache, can be divided into two categories, first, its superficial and conscious area is the chest as same as the other heartache. But its inner lesion is the Heart-Meridian as others occupied at the Pericardium-Meridian in stead of the Heart-Meridian. 2. The etiological classification of true heartache, are Cold-evil, Heat-evil, Wind-evil, Blood stasis etc. But its major factor is Cold-evil, more than anything else. 3. The symptomatic signs of true heartache, consist of cyanotic change from hands and feet to phalanges; severe heartache pale complexion with cold breathing and its extreme state can manifestate unceased sweating called as Yang exhaustion.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.97-101
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• 1983

The steadily increasing number of operations performed on the heart has given rise to occasional complications involving the nervous system, and this has been interested to cardiac surgeons and neurologists. This survey has been carried out on all Gases submitted to open heart surgery at Seoul National University Hospital during 1982 to determine which operative features were associated with the occurrence of neurological damage. 514 subjects were studied and neurological damage was noted in twenty-five patients [4.9%]. Eight of these 25 patients died in the postoperative period, but neurological damage contributed to the fatal outcome in six cases. Remaining seventeen patients were discharged without problems except one Cortical blindness and one hemiplegic patients who were survived without other problems . A number of features were found to be related to the development of neurological damage, which were age, duration of perfusion, nature of operation, cardiac rhythm and presence of the thrombi or calcification and hypothermic arrest. But many unknown etiological factors are remained out of our sight. A significant increase in the incidence of neurological damage was shown in older age group [13.3% in over 40 year of age], and also the duration of the bypass was associated with subsequent neurological injury especially more than 120 minutes [11.6%]. The presence of atrial fibrillation with intracardiac thrombi or calcification was also a contributing factor to developing neurological complication [16.7%]. These factors were regarded to influence the postoperative neurological complications and more effective method for prevention of these neurologic complication should be studied.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.38-41
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• 2013

Liver damage induced by ovarian stimulation has been demonstrated in some cases reported in the literature. However, there has never been a fruitful debate on this topic. The present manuscript tried to fill this gap. We reported a case of a 35-year-old nulliparous woman admitted to our obstetric emergency room for severe pre-eclampsia. She had been subjected to four cycles of controlled ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination. At 32 weeks of gestation, she developed severe pre-eclampsia, which led to HELLP syndrome complicated by fatal liver failure. The etiological link between ovarian stimulation and HELLP syndrome is intriguing. Further investigations are needed to understand whether repeated ovarian stimulation may represent a risk factor in pre-eclamptic patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.5019-5022
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• 2014

Recently, mutations in the genes involved in cell cycle control, including CHEK2, are being considered as etiological factors in different kinds of cancers. The CHEK2 protein plays an important role in protecting damaged DNA from entering mitosis. In this study the potential effects of two common mutations $IVS2+1G{\rightarrow}A$ and Ile157Thr of CHEK2 gene in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) were evaluated. A total of 100 patients admitted to the Research Institute for Nuclear Medicine were diagnosed with DTC based on pathology reports of surgery samples. An additional 100 people were selected as a control group with no cancer history. PCR-HRM (high resolution melting) analysis was performed to deal with each of mutations in all case and control samples separately. During the analysis of $IVS2+1G{\rightarrow}A$ and Ile157Thr mutations of CHEK2 gene in the case and control groups, all the samples were identified as wild homozygote type. The finding suggests that $IVS2+1G{\rightarrow}A$ and Ile157Thr mutations of CHEK2 gene do not constitute a risk factor for DTC in the Iranian population. However, further studies with larger population are required to confirm the outcome.