• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.3287-3291
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• 2014

Background: The interesting preponderance of Chinese with colorectal carcinoma (CRC) amongst the three major ethnic groups in Malaysia prompted a study to determine DNA mismatch repair (MMR) status in our CRC and attempt correlation with patient age, gender and ethnicity as well as location, grade, histological type and stage of tumour. Histologically re-confirmed CRC, diagnosed between $1^{st} $January 2005 and $31^{st}$ December 2007 at the Department of Pathology, University of Malaya Medical Centre, were immunohistochemically stained with monoclonal antibodies to MMR proteins, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 on the Ventana Benchmark XT autostainer. Of the 142 CRC cases entered into the study, there were 82 males and 60 females (M:F=1.4:1). Ethnically, 81 (57.0%) were Chinese, 32 (22.5%) Malays and 29 (20.4%) Indians. The patient ages ranged between 15-87 years (mean=62.4 years) with 21 cases <50-years and 121 ${\geq}50$-years of age. 14 (9.9%) CRC showed deficient MMR (dMMR). Concurrent loss of MLH1 and PMS2 occurred in 10, MSH2 and MSH6 in 2 with isolated loss of MSH6 in 1 and PMS2 in 1. dMMR was noted less frequently amongst the Chinese (6.2%) in comparison with their combined Malay and Indian counterparts (14.8%), and was associated with right sided and poorly differentiated tumours (p<0.05). 3 of the 5 (60.0%) dMMR CRC cases amongst the Chinese and 1 of 9 cases (11.1%) amongst the combined Malay and Indian group were <50-years of age. No significant association of dMMR was noted with patient age and gender, tumour stage or mucinous type.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.837-844
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• 2010

Dietary life was formed as being influenced by the people's cultural, social and environmental situations. The people's food culture is unique that was adapted to their surroundings. It was developed and industrialized in the ethnic food. Now the ethnic food was contributed to tour industry or culture industry. Then, food life style was change from the meat diet to the vegetable diet in the diffusion of well-being trends. So, we analyzed Koreans' Korean food image and investigated the difference as a demographics. We made questionnaire and did a survey to 220 bloggers using cooking internet sites on 10 August, 2009. We analyzed 206 questionnaires by SPSS package 12.0 except 14 untrustworthy questionnaires. We measured credibility and validity 39 items related Korean food image: Chronbach's ${\alpha}$ was highly 0.855. We checked that KMO examination was 0.775 and $x^2$ of Barttlet was 2482.342. After verymax rotation, we deducted 5 Koran food images-healthy, visuality, spicy, variety, low calorie. We analyzed ANOVA of 5 Korean food images according to demographics. We confirmed the differences by ages, monthly income and job except academic background (p<0.05). Therefore, Korean food images were learned and recognized in everyday life. Especially, we found that visuality and variety were recognized the more stronger high-income earners and teachers than others. So, Korean learned Korean food images in real life and recognized Korean food quite differently by demographics.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2011

최근 민족적 사회문화적 배경이 다른 다문화가정의 사회통합을 위한 교육적, 사회복지적 측면의 다양한 방안들이 제시되고 있다. 본 연구는 다문화 가정의 유아 정보 리터러시 교육을 위한 교육과정 모델을 제시한다. 기존의 정보 리터러시 기준을 분석하여 추출한 다섯 가지 핵심요소를 교육과정 모델의 기초자료로 사용함으로써 정보격차 해소의 측면을 고려하였고 제안된 교육과정 모델의 성격, 세부 목표, 교육내용, 교수학습방법과 평가방법 항목을 제시한다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.881-892
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• 2001

Applying the globalization theory to the fashion phenomena which regarded the phenomena of the contemporary culture as globalization, this study had an object of looking into the globalization tendency of the fashion phenomena shown Paris, London, Milno, New York, Tokyo, and Seoul collections from 1995 to 1999. The results of this study were as follows; 1. It was the blend of romanticism that was the most common trend shown at the six world collections. 2. The works appeared at the six world collections showed the regional peculiarity under the historical background or the sociocultural influence each city had. 3. Another character appeared at the six city collections was the appearance of multi-ethnic style mixed various regional motive at a work. After all, the world fashion phenomena in the second half of 1990's could be condensed into globalization appeared homogenization, regionalization and hybridization at the same time.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2019

Asian food and the Asian restaurant market have grown rapidly in the international market. It has become one of the major trends in the restaurant industry in the world. However, there has been little attempt to develop a scale for measuring customer's motivation to experience Asian restaurants, and cross-cultural approaches are very rare. From this point of view, this study examined an instrument to measure motivation to visit Asian restaurants developed by Jang and Kim (2015), which was originally developed based on UK customers, by applying the population from another cultural background, Thailand. A total of 308 valid responses were obtained in Thailand. CFA was performed with a Thai sample to test internal and external consistency of the scale with another population, and a comparison was made between UK and Thai customers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권21호
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• pp.9453-9458
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• 2014

Background: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death for women in the United States. Differences in survival of breast cancer have been noted among racial and ethnic groups, but the reasons for these disparities remain unclear. This study presents the characteristics and the survival curve of two racial and ethnic groups and evaluates the effects of race on survival times by measuring the lifetime data-based half-normal model. Materials and Methods: The distributions among racial and ethnic groups are compared using female breast cancer patients from nine states in the country all taken from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry. The main end points observed are: age at diagnosis, survival time in months, and marital status. The right skewed half-normal statistical probability model is used to show the differences in the survival times between black Hispanic (BH) and black non-Hispanic (BNH) female breast cancer patients. The Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard ratio are used to estimate and compare the relative risk of death in two minority groups, BH and BNH. Results: A probability random sample method was used to select representative samples from BNH and BH female breast cancer patients, who were diagnosed during the years of 1973-2009 in the United States. The sample contained 1,000 BNH and 298 BH female breast cancer patients. The median age at diagnosis was 57.75 years among BNH and 54.11 years among BH. The results of the half-normal model showed that the survival times formed positive skewed models with higher variability in BNH compared with BH. The Kaplan-Meir estimate was used to plot the survival curves for cancer patients; this test was positively skewed. The Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard ratio for survival analysis showed that BNH had a significantly longer survival time as compared to BH which is consistent with the results of the half-normal model. Conclusions: The findings with the proposed model strategy will assist in the healthcare field to measure future outcomes for BH and BNH, given their past history and conditions. These findings may provide an enhanced and improved outlook for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer patients in the United States.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1217-1224
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• 2012

Background and Aim: Less than 50% of oral cancer cases are diagnosed at early stages of the disease and this is in part due to poor awareness and lack of knowledge on the signs and symptoms of oral cancer. This study sought to measure the baseline awareness of oral cancer in Malaysia and aimed to increase public awareness and knowledge of oral cancer using a mass media campaign. Methods: Baseline awareness and impact of the campaign was measured using self-administered questionnaires sent via email to individuals. The campaign was aired on two national television channels and the reach was monitored through an independent programme monitoring system. Results: 78.2% of respondents had heard of oral cancer, and this increased significantly after the campaign. However, the ability to recognize signs and symptoms remains unchanged. We found that the level of awareness differed between the distinct ethnic subgroups and the reach of the campaign was not uniform across all ethnicities. Conclusion: This substantial study to measure the oral cancer awareness in Malaysia provides important baseline data for the planning of public health policies. Despite encouraging evidence that a mass media campaign could increase the awareness of oral cancer, further research is required to address the acceptability, comprehensiveness and effectiveness. Furthermore, different campaign approaches may be required for specific ethnic groups in a multi-ethnic country such as Malaysia.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.651-656
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• 2014

Background: Cervical cancer is the third commonest type of cancer among women in Malaysia. Our aim was to determine the distribution of human papilloma virus (HPV) genotypes in cervical cancer in our multi-ethnic population. Materials and Methods: This was a multicentre study with a total of 280 cases of cervical cancer from 4 referral centres in Malaysia, studied using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) detection of 12 high risk-HPV genotypes. Results: Overall HPV was detected in 92.5% of cases, in 95.9% of squamous cell carcinomas and 84.3%of adenocarcinomas. The five most prevalent high-risk HPV genotypes were HPV 16 (68.2%), 18 (40%), 58 (10.7%), 33 (10.4%) and 52 (10.4%). Multiple HPV infections were more prevalent (55.7%) than single HPV infections (36.8%). The percentage of HPV positive cases in Chinese, Malays and Indians were 95.5%, 91.9% and 80.0%, respectively. HPV 16 and 18 genotypes were the commonest in all ethnic groups. We found that the percentage of HPV 16 infection was significantly higher in Chinese (75.9%) compared to Malays (63.7%) and Indians (52.0%) (p<0.05), while HPV 18 was significantly higher in Malays (52.6%) compared to Chinese (25.0%) and Indians (28%) (p<0.05). Meanwhile, HPV 33 (17.9%) and 52 (15.2%) were also more commonly detected in the Chinese (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that the distribution of HPV genotype in Malaysia is similar to other Asian countries. Importantly, we found that different ethnic groups in Malaysia have different HPV genotype infection rates, which is a point to consider during the implementation of HPV vaccination.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.69-90
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to find the recognition of Korean image fashion design by U.K fashion specialists. U.K is one of the important countries in design field including fashion design since 1960. For this purpose, literature research and focus individual interview research were carried. First, through the researches precedent, it was found that a national image is related with it's design industry and what is Korean image fashion design, were studied. Second, for individual interviews to 13 U.K fashion specialists, who are teaching and researching in University that has postgraduate course over M.A and had industrial experiences from 7years to 22years, were progressed using open questions and visual image stimulus. The open questions were consisted with four parts : personal educational and industrial background, recognitions about oriental fashion, recognitions about Korean image and Korean fashion design before seeing the visual stimulus, recognition about Korean image fashion design and the characteristics of Korean after seeing the visual stimulus. The results are as follows; First, the 12 U.K specialists have recognized 'oriental fashion' is one of important fashion trends now a days. Japan and Japanese designers are recognized as a represented nation and designer in oriental fashion by them. Two of the specialists referred to need changing the term 'oriental' because the term has been used in the sights of western from colonial age and Japanese is not included the oriental any more. Secondly, 11 interviews have recognized nothing about the Korean national image some of them has negative image due to political situation in Korean Peninsula. However 2 interviews who had been Korea before has positive image. In the questions about Korean fashion and Korean fashion designers, 10 of 13 interviews have nothing and negative recognitions. So it was founded that Korean fashion design was recognized as a lower level by U. K. fashion specialists. Thirdly, in the questions about Korean fashion image and the design characteristics of Korean fashion after seeing the visual stimulus, the response was represented two directions. One is about over decorative image through ethnic design and the other is about simple image differ from Japanese. The 13 interviews felt the Korean Image fashion design such like traditional, decorative, opulent, flat cutting, fresh proportion, loose, layering, natural, simplicity, complicate, adventure, easy, stylish, soft, feminine, young image, adult sexy image. The images were analyzed five image groups : adult sexy image, adult ethnic image, natural image, young avant-garde image, young simple casual image. No one preferred the adult sexy image, adult ethnic image and natural image. However 10 interviews preferred young avant-garde group and 13 interviews preferred the young simple casual image. So this group can be understanded and useful informed as one of competitive power in global fashion industry.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.237-261
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• 2016

본 연구는 Brooks와 Browne의 '문화에 바탕을 둔 독자반응이론(Culturally Situated Reader Response Theory)'에 근거하여 한국의 다문화가정 자녀들이 자신의 삶과 비슷한 이야기를 다룬 문학작품을 읽어나가며 자신의 삶을 인식하고 자아정체성을 확립해나가는 과정을 구체적으로 살펴보았다. 연구자는 10세에서 16세 사이의 다문화가정 자녀 여섯 명과 세 차례에 걸쳐 네 편의 다문화 문학 텍스트를 읽었다. 연구에 사용된 텍스트는 이야기그림책 "함께 걷는 길"과 어린이소설집 "까만 달걀"에 실린 단편소설 세 편이다. 어린이들은 한국인으로서의 정체성, 외국인으로서의 정체성, 한국인과 외국인 사이의 정체성, 다문화(이중문화)로서의 정체성 등 자신만의 고유한 민족정체성을 바탕으로 작품 속 등장인물의 감정에 공감하거나 작품을 통해 드러난 한국사회의 인종차별에 분노하였다. 연구에 사용된 텍스트는 어린이들이 자신을 비추어볼 수 있는 거울의 역할을 하여 어린이들이 안전한 환경에서 자신의 정체성에 대하여 고민하고 재구성하며, 숨겨왔던 자신의 이야기를 꺼내놓을 수 있는 기회를 제공해주었다. 어린이들은 텍스트에 등장하는 주인공들의 무력함과 밝지 않은 결말에 불만을 표했으며, 보다 긍정적인 성향의 다문화 배경 주인공이 등장하는 이야기와 다문화가정 어린이와 선주민 한국인 어린이가 평화롭게 어울리는 이야기를 책에서 읽을 수 있기를 기대하였다.