• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2015

The needs for ecological engineering, which can design ecosystems that integrate human society and their natural environment for the benefit of both, has increased. The Korean Society of Ecology and Infrastructure Engineering (KSEIE) was established for this purpose and has contributed to the research and development of theories and technologies in related fields. However, the current state of educational services and contents of ecological engineering is still needed to be standardized and systematized. In this paper, we outlined the trends of ecological engineering education at international and domestic levels and proposed a sample services and curriculum, brought from the discussions and suggestions made during the forum, Founding the Education for Ecological Engineering, held by the KSEIE. Education of ecological engineering can nurture people who can design and manage ecosystems for the benefits of human and natural society and can restore ecosystems disturbed artificially. The services and curriculum have to meet and cover the challenges facing the future of ecological engineering; a. the ethical interpretation of the balance between human and nature, b. developing and strengthening its relationship with other scientific disciplines and societies - business, policy, education, and practitioners, c. identify and fuse the key ecological engineering principles into other discipline. We proposed a three layers curriculum system, basic (mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, etc.), core (ecology, hydrology, engineering, etc.), and advanced subjects. The first two can belong to an undergraduate program and the last two can be put into graduate program. The selection of subjects is according to the purpose and needs of the major.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.73-87
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• 1993

This paper reviews the topic of GIS, the academic setting of GIS, GIS model curricula and the possibility GIS education in Korea. The topics which might be included in a science of geographic information consist of data collection and measurement, data capture, spatial statistics, data modeling and theories of spatial data, data structures, algorithms and processes, display, analytical tools, institutional, managerial and ethical issues. The problems in teaching a course on GIS in higher education are reviewed. Because of their technological, integrative, and rapidly changing nature, GIS pose major challenges to their education system which it is ill equipped to meet. In higher education a number of initiatives have been taken to provide education about and training with, GIS. The possible GIS curricula are suggested. These curricula are divided into 3 major sections, relating GIS context, technical issues and application issues. The prospects of GIS appears lo depend largely upon the future cooperation of academia, government, and industry

• Convergence Security Journal
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2024

The rapid aging of the global population poses significant challenges to public health systems, as it often correlates with various physical, cognitive, and social declines among the elderly. Traditional approaches to promoting healthy aging emphasize the importance of physical activity, mental engagement, and social connectivity. However, factors such as mobility issues and resource constraints can limit the accessibility and effectiveness of these approaches. Digital fitness technologies, including wearable devices, mobile applications, virtual reality platforms, and AI-based feedback systems, present innovative solutions with the potential to enhance the physical, cognitive, and social well-being of older adults. This study analyzes the latest trends in digital fitness technologies and proposes strategies for effective utilization in promoting well-aging. Specifically, it addresses the need for improved technology accessibility through affordable devices and user-friendly interfaces, the development of personalized fitness programs, strategies to enhance ongoing participation such as social interaction and gamification, and solutions for data protection and ethical issues. Effective implementation of these strategies is expected to significantly improve the health and well-being of older adults. Future research and policy development should incorporate these elements to maximize the impact of digital fitness technologies and enhance the overall quality of life for the elderly.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.1080-1095
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• 2024

In contemporary society, the increasing number of pet-owning households has significantly heightened interest in companion animal health, expanding the probiotics market aimed at enhancing pet well-being. Consequently, research into the gut microbiota of companion animals has gained momentum, however, ethical and societal challenges associated with experiments on intelligent and pain-sensitive animals necessitate alternative research methodologies to reduce reliance on live animal testing. To address this need, the Fermenter for Intestinal Microbiota Model (FIMM) is being investigated as an in vitro tool designed to replicate gastrointestinal conditions of living animals, offering a means to study gut microbiota while minimizing animal experimentation. The FIMM system explored interactions between intestinal microbiota and probiotics within a simulated gut environment. Two strains of commercial probiotic bacteria, Enterococcus faecium IDCC 2102 and Bifidobacterium lactis IDCC 4301, along with a newly isolated strain from domestic dogs, Lactobacillus acidophilus SLAM AK001, were introduced into the FIMM system with gut microbiota from a beagle model. Findings highlight the system's capacity to mirror and modulate the gut environment, evidenced by an increase in beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus and Faecalibacterium and a decrease in the pathogen Clostridium. The study also verified the system's ability to facilitate accurate interactions between probiotics and commensal bacteria, demonstrated by the production of short-chain fatty acids and bacterial metabolites, including amino acids and gamma-aminobutyric acid precursors. Thus, the results advocate for FIMM as an in vitro system that authentically simulates the intestinal environment, presenting a viable alternative for examining gut microbiota and metabolites in companion animals.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.83-108
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• 2007

Since the 1992 UN Conference for Environment and Development held in Rio de Jaineiro, Sustainable Development has become the global thesis. More than 170 countries signed the Agenda 21 for the sustainable action plan, and adopted the sustainability concept as the key concept of dealing with the environmental, social, ethical, and economic problem. Sustainability is one of the main marketing challenges in the 21st century. By integrating social and ecological criteria, marketing may can make valuable contributions to sustainable development. Regarding the sustainability marketing, it is difficult to find the domestic marketing research on the thesis of sustainable development, and this is the definite evidence that the Korean marketing researchers do not realize the importance of the thesis of sustainable development which is internationally suggested as the new paradigm of change. The purpose of this study is to build the conceptual background and explore the research direction in order to introduce and adopt the concept of sustainable development in the domestic marketing research field. The present paper proposes a comprehensive conception of sustainability marketing, defined by six step: analysis of social-ecological problems; analysis of consumer behavior; normative sustainability marketing; strategic sustainability marketing; instrumental sustainability marketing; and transformative sustainability marketing. The aim of the paper are to clarify the concept of sustainability marketing. To accomplish this research purpose we discuss the sustainable development which is the conceptual background of sustainability marketing, analyze the characteristics of the sustainability marketing, and finally summarize the research results and present the suggestions for further research. Sustainability marketing embraces the idea of sustainable development, a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs. Sustainability Marketing goes beyond conventional marketing thinking. If marketing is about satisfying customer needs and building profitable relationships with customers, sustainability marketing may be defined as building and maintaining sustainable relationships with customers, the social environment and natural environment. By creating social and environmental value, sustainability marketing tries to deliver and increase customer value. Sustainability Marketing aims at creating customer value, social value and environmental value. Sustainability marketing integrates social and ecological criteria into the whole process of marketing, and can be differentiated in six steps: (1) Analysis of the social and ecological problems, generally and specifically with respect to products which satisfy customer needs and wants; (2) Analysis of customer behavior with special aspect to social and ecological concerns; (3) Corporate commitments to sustainable development in the mission statement, development of sustainability visions, formulation of sustainable principles and guideline, setting of socio-ecological marketing objectives and goals (normative aspects of sustainability marketing); (4) Sustainability segmentation, targeting and positioning, and timing of market entry(strategic aspects of sustainability marketing); (5)Integration of social and ecological criteria into the marketing-mix, i.e. products, services and brands, pricing, distribution and communication(instrumental aspects of sustainability marketing); (6) Participation in public and political change processes, which transform existing institutions towards sustainability(transformative aspects of sustainability marketing). The first two steps begin with an analysis of the company situation. In sustainability marketing it is crucial not just to know consumer needs and wants, but also to find out about the ecological and social problems of products along their whole life cycle. The intersection of socio-ecological problems and consumer wants sets the ground for sustainability marketing. Step three to five describe the implementation of sustainability marketing. Social and ecological criteria are fully integrated into the mission statement, strategies and marketing-mix. Step six is one of the specifics of sustainability marketing. It is about the commitment of company to sustainable development and their active participation in public and political processes in order to change the existing framework in favor of sustainability.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.67-101
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• 2023

The utilization of generative AI in the medical field is also being rapidly researched. Access to vast data sets reduces the time and energy spent in selecting information. However, as the effort put into content creation decreases, there is a greater likelihood of associated issues arising. For example, with generative AI, users must discern the accuracy of results themselves, as these AIs learn from data within a set period and generate outcomes. While the answers may appear plausible, their sources are often unclear, making it challenging to determine their veracity. Additionally, the possibility of presenting results from a biased or distorted perspective cannot be discounted at present on ethical grounds. Despite these concerns, the field of generative AI is continually advancing, with an increasing number of users leveraging it in various sectors, including biomedical and life sciences. This raises important legal considerations regarding who bears responsibility and to what extent for any damages caused by these high-performance AI algorithms. A general overview of issues with generative AI includes those discussed above, but another perspective arises from its fundamental nature as a large-scale language model ('LLM') AI. There is a civil law concern regarding "the memorization of training data within artificial neural networks and its subsequent reproduction". Medical data, by nature, often reflects personal characteristics of patients, potentially leading to issues such as the regeneration of personal information. The extensive application of generative AI in scenarios beyond traditional AI brings forth the possibility of legal challenges that cannot be ignored. Upon examining the technical characteristics of generative AI and focusing on legal issues, especially concerning the protection of personal information, it's evident that current laws regarding personal information protection, particularly in the context of health and medical data utilization, are inadequate. These laws provide processes for anonymizing and de-identification, specific personal information but fall short when generative AI is applied as software in medical devices. To address the functionalities of generative AI in clinical software, a reevaluation and adjustment of existing laws for the protection of personal information are imperative.