• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 2023

Adenanthera pavonina L. is an important medicinal plant for Indonesian traditional medicine ("Jamu"). The present study is to determine the phenolic content and evaluate the antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts of leaves and bark of A. pavonina. The total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent methods, and the antioxidant activity was performed by phosphomolybdate assay, through EC₅₀ values. The highest phenolic content (81.379 mg GAE/g) was found in the hydro-ethanolic extract of the leaves and (80.630 mg GAE/g) in the bark. The antioxidant activity of the two samples was 42.270 ㎍/mL (leaves) and 45.261 ㎍/mL (bark). Plants have the potential as drugs with good antioxidant potential and phenolic compound content. Further scientific studies of this plant are supported to evaluate the antioxidant activity using other methods to validate these preliminary experiments properly.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.5-16
• /
• 2005

The herb of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum (Liliaceae) has been used as an edible wild herb and to treat heart failure and gastritis. We have already reported antihyperlipidemic anti-tumor effects of this plant. To enlarge the commercial availability of this food, it was investigated whether the extracts of A. victorialis var.platyphyllum reduce hyperlipidemia and obesity or not. The plants tested in this experiment were collected from two eco-types of IS. Ullung and Mt. Odae cultivated at Pyongchang. Extracts were prepared by extracting the fresh leaves and those dried at $36^{\circ}C$ and $90^{\circ}C$, respectively. Pretreatment with the ethanolic extracts for two weeks (p.o.) reduced serum triglyceride-, total cholesterol- and LDL-cholesterol contents in rats induced by Triton WR-1339, respectively. Furthermore, oral administration of the extracts also inhibited the hyperlipidemia induced with oral diet of 30% corn oil. In the other attempt to find to alleviate the obesity, the model rats with obesity were induced by the high fat-diet for six weeks. Post-treatment with the extracts for two weeks significantly reduced the hyperlipidemia. Retroperitoneal-, epidymal- and total abdominal fat pad weights were considerably reduced at 100 mg/kg oral administration of the extracts. Increased feces lipid contents were also found in the rat treated with the extracts. The extract of Mt. Odae eco-type showed more potent activity than that of Is. Ullung one. These results suggest that use of the fresh leaves may lead to the higher activity in treatment of hyperlipidemia and obesity than of the dried one.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.328-334
• /
• 1987

The stability of lipids(Soybean oil & Ramyon lipid) by adding soybean products' extracts and Soybean, Soybean products was investigated, respectively. 1. Ethanolic extracts of defatted Soybean was very antioxidative in soybean oil. Soybean hot water extracts, defatted soybean water extracts and Soyprotein isolate water extracts possess antioxidative activities. But, Fresh Soybean cold extracts don't possess antioxidative activity. 2. The Oxidation of Ramyon Lipids (beef tallow) during storage at $45^{\circ}C$ incubator was effectively surpressed by addition of defatted Soybean hydrolyzate, tempeh (Defatted), Soy protein isolate hydrolyzate. The power of antioxidative activity is this order: Soy protein isolate hydrolyfate> Defatted Soybean hydrolyzate> BHA (200ppm)> Tempeh> Tempeh extracts> Defatted soybean.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.387-393
• /
• 2013

In this study, the domestic onion skin has been used to investigate the anti-wrinkle effect of the ethanolic extract. The onion skin has been known to contain a large amount of antioxidant including quercetin. Solvent extraction by 80% ethanol was carried out of the onion skin. The high amount of quercetin have been identified using HPLC as a bioactive compound. The extraction yield of the quercetin increased according to temperature up to $80^{\circ}C$. Two different antioxidant assays (DPPH and ABTS) were performed to determine the free-radical scavenging activity of onion skin extracts. The antioxidant activities ($EC_{50}$ of DPPH) of the vitamin C and the onion extracts were 2.2 and $5.09{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The results of ABTS tests were 2.33 (of vitamin C) and $2.40{\mu}g/mL$ (of the onion extracts), respectively. In a clinical study, a panel of 10 female volunteers between the ages of 30 and 40 (mean age: 42 years) was given a mask pack containing 1% of this extracts for 4 weeks. It was shown that a highly significant reduction in the deep and moderate wrinkled was obtained with those treated with this onion extracts as compared to the control group. The reduction in deep wrinkles increased with time. Eye wrinkle were reduced statistically significant (p<0.05). The application of the proper topical cream and mask pack containing onion skin extracts has therefore shown to be effective enhancing anti-wrinkle activities.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.52 no.3
• /
• pp.311-315
• /
• 2014

The aim of this study was to verify the trypanocidal effectiveness of aqueous, methanolic, and ethanolic extracts of Achyrocline satureioides against Trypanosoma evansi in vitro. A. satureioides extracts, known as macela, were used on trypomastigotes at different concentrations (1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, and $1,000{\mu}g/ml$) and exposure times (0, 1, 3, 6, and 9 hr). A dose-dependent effect was observed when the 3 extracts were tested. The concentrations of 1, 5, and $10{\mu}g/ml$ were not able to kill trypomastigotes until 3 hr after exposure, and the highest concentrations (500 and $1,000{\mu}g/ml$) were able to kill all trypomastigotes after 1 hr. When the time of exposure was increased up to 9 hr, the concentrations at 50 and $100{\mu}g/ml$ were 100% effective to 3 extracts. The chemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, a trypanocidal compound already described. Based on the results, we can conclude that the A. satureioides extracts exhibit trypanocidal effects.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.402-407
• /
• 2008

The synergistic antimicrobial effect of Achyranthes japonica Nakai (AJN) and Bifidobacterium extracellular factors against Clostridium difficile were measured using a turbidity method. Each broth supernatant of Bifidobacterium infantis ($68.8{\pm}0.02%$) and Bifidobacterium adolescentis ($33.2{\pm}0.2%$) obtained by adding ethyl acetate soluble fractionate from A. japonica Nakai ethanolic extracts (AJNEA, 100 ppm, no inhibition) showed high synergistic antimicrobial activity against C. difficile. In addition, the antimicrobial activity in a laboratory medium and yogurt products against C. difficile were evaluated. In yogurt prepared with a starter 5 (Lactobacillus acidophilus: Streptococcus thermophilus: B. adolescentis =1 : 1 : 1) and a starter 4 (L. acidophilus: S. thermophilus: B. infantis=1 : 1 : 1) and 0.5% AJNEA powder, high antimicrobial effects were recorded that measured 79.0 and 65.2%, respectively. The results indicated the potential of AJN extract for use as an antimicrobial agent. In addition, the efficiency of the antimicrobial activity of the extracts was further improved in combination with lactic acid bacteria, which suggests that they have the potential to be used as a highly effective antibiotic-tolerant microorganism prevention system. Such a strategy can be used for alternative drugs or functional food additives for treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.405-410
• /
• 2002

Rice wine was prepared with medicinal plants or plant extracts to obtain a value added nutritious alcoholic tonics. Powders of ten medicinal plants (PTM) or aqueous extracts prepared from them (ATM) were added during the initial stage of fermentation. Aroma compounds of rice wine (control) and wines containing PTM or ATM were isolated by liquid-liquid continuous solvent extraction (LLCSE) and analyzed by gas chromatography-olfactometry and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). Desirable aroma compounds: acetaldehyde (sweet, ethereal), benzaldehyde (sweet, fragrant), ethyl acetate (sweet) and ethyl octanoate (sweet, ethanolic) had the highest log$_3$-flavor dilution (FD) factors in ATM. Results of sensory evaluation demonstrated that intensities of undesirable aroma attributes, such as koji and yeasty notes in control, and raw medicinal herb notes in PTM, were lowest in wine with ATM. Wines made with ATM had the most attractive aroma attributes among the three different traditional Korean medicinal wines.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.277-282
• /
• 2021

Hydrocotyle is a genus of prostrate, perennial aquatic or semi-aquatic plants formerly classified in the family Apiaceae, now in the family Araliaceae. Lipoxygenases (LOX) are present in the human body and play an important role in the stimulation of inflammatory reactions. Ethanolic extracts of five Hydrocotyle species (H. ramiflora, H. maritima, H. nepalensis, H. sibthorpioides, and H. yabei) showed inhibition of 23.5~50.6% at 2.0 mg/mL. Their extracts showed LOX inhibition in half maximal effective concentration (EC₅₀) range 15.1~15.7 ㎍/mL. Hyaluronic acid is a glycosaminoglycan, a major component of the extracellular matrix Five extracts of these species inhibited less than 23.0% of Hyaluronidase (HAase) activity at a concentration of 2.0 mg/mL Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a form of xanthine oxidoreductase, a type of enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species. Five Hydrocotyle species were found to have inhibitory activity of XO at 2.0 mg/ml, with 65% having greater than 50% inhibition. H. ramiflora exhibited the highest activity with an inhibition of 80.0%. The results suggested that Lipoxygenases, Hyaluronidase, and Busan 47340, Republic of Korea from five Hydrocotyle species might be multifunctional and prevent the degradation of allergic reactions and inflammation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.20-26
• /
• 2016

This study investigated the fermentation effect of Taraxacum platycarpum Dahlst. leaf extracts using Hericium ernaceum mycelia to test antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro. The antioxidant activities of fermented or non-fermented extracts of T. platycarpum leaves were determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity. The leaf extract of T. platycarpum showed higher antioxidant activity than extract of fermented leaves. However, ethanolic extract of fermented T. platycarpum leaves decreased levels of nitric oxide production and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, fermented leaf extract suppressed protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in RAW 264.7 cell culture. Therefore, the enhanced anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extracts of fermented T. platycarpum leaves might be attributed to the molecular conversion of leaf ingredients during fermentation and the active ingredients might have specific affinity with ethanol during extraction.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.63 no.3
• /
• pp.259-265
• /
• 2020

Antioxidative activities of 50% ethanolic extracts from Du-zhong (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) leaf and bark were investigated. Yields of the leaf and bark extract were 8.1±0.31 and 17.4±0.89%, respectively. Polyphenol contents of the leaf and bark extract were 64.1±3.35 and 42.4±2.38 ㎍ gallic acid equivalents/mg, respectively. Flavonoid contents of the leaf and bark extract were 24.0±3.15 and 36.7±3.18 ㎍ quercetin equivalents/mg, respectively. As concentration of the leaf and bark extract increased, their antioxidative activities proportionally increased. EC₅₀ values of the leaf and bark extract for cation radical scavenging were 560.6±17.65 and 1,357.4±8.45 ㎍/mL, respectively. EC₅₀ values of the leaf and bark extract for free radical scavenging were 574.2±14.70 and 2,103.1±108.59 ㎍/mL, respectively. EC₅₀ values of the leaf and bark extract for ferric reducing antioxidant power were 319.9±13.42 and 705.9±26.08 ㎍/mL, respectively. EC₅₀ values of the leaf and bark extract for nitrite scavenging were 2,329.2±35.11 and 5,467.6±243.92 ㎍/mL, respectively. In the presence of 74.8 ㎍/mL of the leaf extract and 177.2 ㎍/mL of the bark extract, linoleic acid peroxidation was inhibited by 70.0 and 79.1%, respectively. The Du-zhong leaf extract possessed higher antioxidative activities than its bark extract.