• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.23 no.3_4
• /
• pp.173-179
• /
• 1979

A dose, 1g/kg of ethanol produced experimental hyperuricemia in mouse. Ginseng saponins were tested for their ability to alter the hepatic xanthine oxidase activity and the blood level of uric acid in the ethanol-treated mouse. Intraperitoneal injection of ginseng saponin 4mg/kg markedly decreased the xanthine oxidase activity in the ethanol-treated mouse liver. It was also observed that ginseng saponin reduced the blood concentration of uric acid in experimentally induced hyperuricemia by alcohol treatment. In vitro, it was found that a low concentration of ginseng saponin in the reaction mixture incresed the hepatic xanthine oxidase activity, while a high concentration inhibited both enzyme preparations of normal and ethanol treated mice. In contrast with the xanthine oxidase, uricase activity was not influenced by ginseng saponin as well as in vivo. These results suggest there is a possibility that ginseng saponin may have some therapeutic effect on gout and other hyperuricemia syndrome.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.641-648
• /
• 2010

The objective of this study was to evaluate the pre-heating treatment effects on the antioxidant properties of ethanolic garlic and onion extracts. Garlic and onion with or without heating ($100^{\circ}C$, 30 min) were extracted with ethanol, and the total phenolic content, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, iron chelating ability, reducing power, and antioxidant activity in a linoleic acid emulsion system were evaluated. Garlic (41%) had a higher drying yield than onion (11%). Regardless of pre-heating, ethanol extracts of onion resulted in an approximately 25-fold higher yield than those of garlic. Thermal treatment before extraction decreased the levels of ethanol-soluble phenolics for both garlic and onion. Regardless of pre-heating, the radical scavenging abilities of ethanol extracts from garlic were greater than the ethanol extracts from onion. The iron chelating abilities of ethanol extracts from fresh and heated garlic were 85 and 81% at 10 mg/mL, respectively, whereas those of onion extracts were 10 and 9% at the same concentration, respectively. However, no differences in reducing power between garlic and onion extracts were observed. Both garlic and onion inhibited the formation of hydroperoxide in linoleic acid emulsion systems when ethanol was used as a solvent. Overall, garlic extracts had greater antioxidant activity than onion extracts, and the antioxidant activity of garlic and onion extracts were not significantly affected by thermal treatment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.96-100
• /
• 2004

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effects of ethanol in ingested patients by analyzing data from a single institution's registry, Methods: We conducted a prospective study of 50 patients who has ingested drugs with/without ethanol came to emergency department from January 2004 to May 2004. Only patients over 18 years of age were included. Clinical characteristics, general and specific treatment, laboratory finding, complication, and clinical outcomes were obtained from protocol. Patients were divided into two groups: drug ingested with alcohol (ethanol group, n=18), and ingested without alcohol (non-ethanol group, n=32). Results: The age, the amout of ingestion, the time to treatment, the systolic blood pressure, the diastolic blood pressure and the shock duration were not different between two groups. The AST level with the ethanol group was higher than with the non-ethanol group ($230.94\pm518.88$ U/L vs $43.22\pm63.39$ U/L, p=0.002). The ALT level with the ethanol group was higher than with the non-ethanol group ($97.06\pm152.98$ U/L vs $32.75\pm43.10$ U/L, p=0.001). The lactic acid level with the ethanol group was higher than with the non-ethanol group ($7.40\pm6.33$ mmol/L vs $3.77\pm3.10$ mmol/L, p=0.001). The hospital stay duration and the admission rate were not different between two groups. Conlusions: The ethanol increased the levels of serum AST, ALT and lactic acid in intoxicated patients. But the ethanol dose not increase admission rate and duration of admission stay in intoxicated patients.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.235-240
• /
• 2003

The modification of CYP2E1 activity is of considerable interest because of its role in the metabolic activation of a variety of toxic chemicals. In the present studies, the time-course of changes in human CYP2E1 activities was determined after treatment with ethanol, glycerol, 4-methylpyrazole or isoniazid using intact HepG2 cells transfected by human CYP2E1. Hydroxylation of chlorzoxazone was chosen for the measurement of CYP2E1 activity. CYP2E1 protein levels were increased upon cultivation of cells in the presence of ethanol, glycerol, 4-methylpyrazole or isoniazid for 24 hr. After 24 hr cultivation, ethanol or glycerol increased CYP2E1 activities, whereas 4-methylpyrazole or isoniazid inhibited. This different effect of the chemical inducers on CYP2E1 activi-ties persisted to subsequent 24 hr. Competitive inhibition study suggested that 4-methylpyrazole or isoniazid has stronger binding affinity to CYP2E1 than ethanol or glycerol. These results demonstrate that different binding affinity of the chemical inducers to the active site of CYP2E1 plays important role in determining real CYP2E1 activity in intact cells after treatment with the chemical inducers. Present study would be helpful in precise understanding of human CYP2E1-mediated toxicity.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.75-80
• /
• 2007

The objective of this study was to examine the optimal concentration and the exposure time of ethanol, Ca-ionophore, and strontium to achieve massive recipient oocytes in porcine. The cleavage (51.4% vs. $21.3{\sim}44.3%$) and embryo development rates (45% vs. $13.3{\sim}29.9%$) were significantly higher (p.0.05) in oocytes treated with 10% ethanol for 10 min than other treatments. The oocytes treated with 25mM Ca-ionophore for a minimum of 2min and 20mM strontium for a minimum of 6h showed significantly higher cleavage and embryo development rates than those of other treatments (P<0.05). Cleavage rate with duplicated ethanol treatment was significantly lower than those with ethanol alone (P<0.05). The cleavage rate and embryo development rates were significantly lower in duplicated strontium treatment than those in both alone and combination (P<0.05). But the cleavage and embryo development rates in treatment with Ca-ionophore were significantly higher in combined treatment (Ca-ionophore and cycloheximide) than those in single or duplicated treatment (P<0.05). These results might induce establishment of the optimal concentration and the exposure time on activation media to build up activation condition of porcine oocytes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.29 no.7
• /
• pp.721-728
• /
• 1996

The level of oxidative tissue damage caused by free radicals generated from ethanol oxidation was determined in the myocardium of chronic ethanol fed-rats and the protective action of various radical scavenging enzymes was monitored, also. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were given ethanol in an amount of 36% of total calories via Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet for 6 weeks. Control group was pair-fed with the diet containing isocaloric amount of dextrin-maltose instead of ethanol. Chronic ethanol administration resulted in the increased amount of myocardial thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS), th parameter of lipid peroxidation, under our experimental condition. Chronic ethanol ingestion did not cause any change in activities of either glutathione peroxidase or glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were decreased after ethanol treatment. Therefore, chronic ethanol administration seemed to cause considerble changes in cellular defense function against oxidative tissue damage in rat myocardium through glutathione utilizing system and radical generation system. However the ultimate net result of chronic ethanol inestion on the myocardium of rat was the oxidative tissue damage revealed by increased TBARS content.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.136-143
• /
• 1988

This study was performed to provide the optimal conditions of quantitative analysis for free amino acid in fermented protein foods. The water extractable free amino acid from dairy fermented foods was extracted effectively at $75^{\circ}C$ for 40 min., while it were extracted from fermented soy products at $40^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours. A close results of free amino acid content to those from amino acid analyzer were obtained using OPDA method with lysine standard after deproteinizing with 1% picric acid. 95% ethanol used as a deproteinizing reagent could give a comparable results to those from picric acid treatment in determining free amino acid content using OPDA method. Therefore, ethanol treatment was more recommendable than picric acid treatment which has some troubles in removing excess picric acid through Dowex resin column. The most desirable precipitation method for free amino acid determination using TNBS method was 95% ethanol treatment among the various deproteinizing procedure. The copper salt method was not suitable owing to its lacking reproducibility and pronounced discrepancy in determining free amino acid.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.627-631
• /
• 2006

Purpose: Ischial region is common site of pressure sore as well as greater trochanteric area. In general, ischial pressure sore associated with a large subcutaneous bursa often requires radical surgical treatment. The authors performed sclerotherapy using absolute ethanol which was considered as an alternative in treating recurrent ischial pressure sore. Methods: From may 2005 to February 2006, 11 ischial pressure sore patients were treated sclerotherapy using absolute ethanol. The authors performed sclerotherapy using absolute ethanol in 11 patients in whom the ischial sore has recurred despite of multiple radical surgical treatment. The patients' original disorders were spinal cord injury in 9 patients, cerebral palsy in 1 patient and giant cell tumor in thoracic vertebrae 1 patient. Results: Recurrence of pressure sore was not found in any patient during the follow-up period. The swap of the bursa taken before the surgery was germ cultured and compared with the discharge from an end of the inserted drain tube. The germ cultured results after the surgery were tested negative in all patients. Conclusion: This method involves causing the bursa to become scarred and closing it up by sterilizing, fixing, and denaturing by the pharmacologic effect of absolute ethanol instead of surgical excision of the bursa. We felt that aforementioned treatment modality may be considered as an alternative in treating recurrent ischial pressure sore.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.56-66
• /
• 1995

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Ethanol on the lead poisoning in rats. For this experiment, 48 male Sprague-Dawley strain were used. The experimental groups were divided into six: a normal control(Control), 200 mg/kg b.w. lead(Pd), 5% ethanol(E5), 10% ethanol(E10), 200 mg/kg b.w. lead plus 5% ethanol(PE5) and 200 mg/kg b.w. lead plus 10% ethanol(PE10). Lead was dissolved in the distilled water and administered orally. Ethanol was given with drinking water ad libitum. The rats were allocated to each group by 8 and sacrificed for 5 weeks. The results were as follows: 1. The mean body weight of each group were increased constantly in all groups during experimental period, but the values of ethanol treatment groups were higher than that of control (Control), lead treatment group(Pb) (P<0.01). 2. Compared to Control and Pb, the relative weight of liver and brain were increased in all the ethanol fed groups. But the relative weight of organs were not observed significantly. 3. The lead concentration of organs were high in the group treated with lead(Pb, PES, PE10) (P<0.01), and PE5, PE10 were high compared with Pb in brain especially(P<0.01). However, no statistical significance were showed between PE5 and PE10. 4. The concentration of serum ALT was increased by lead plus ethanol (PE5, PE10) significantly (P<0.01). 5. The concentration of Hematocrit, hemoglobin, WBC and RBC were not observed difference significantly in all groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.867-873
• /
• 1995

This study was done ot investigate the effect of chronic alcohol feeding and acetylaminofluorene(2-AAF) treatment on hepatic mitochondrial ATPase activity andmembrane lipid composition. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 120~125g, were fed for 6 weeks on a liquid diet containing 35% of calories as ethanol. After 4 weeks of experiment diet feeding, 2-AAF(100mg/kg body weight) was injected twice a week intraperitoneally. Body weight and percent liver weight per body weight were significantly changed by ethanol feeding. Hepatic mitochondrial ATPase activity significantly decreased by ethanol feedings but not by 2-AAF treatment. In comparison to control, the ATPase activity of ethanol-AAF group decreased 29.3%. Since phospholipid(PL) content of mitochondria has an interaction effect between ethanol and 2-AAF treatment, 2-AAF treatment significantly increased phospholipid content in only ethanol fed group. Total cholesterol(C) level of mitochondria significantly increased by ethanol feeding. Consequently C/PL ratio of ethanol group was significantly higher than that of control group. The analysis of mitochondrial PL composition showed that cardiolipin(CL) significantly increased by 2-AFF treatment in control group. Phosphatidyl choline(PC) significantly increased by ethanol feeding, whereas PC significanlty decreased and phosphatidyl ethanolamine(PE) significantly increased by 2-AAF treatment. 2-AAF treatment also showed a significant increase in PE/PC ratio. Fatty acid patterns of mitochondria were also changed by either ethanol or 2-AAF although the severity of the changes was not great. These data suggest that the reduced mitochondrial ATPase activity in ethanol-AAF group may be a consequence of a changes in mitochondrial membrane lipid composition such as PE/PC ratio, C/PL ration and fatty acid patterns.