• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2004

Three synthetic chemicals, benzoyl chloride, 2-propyn-l-ol, and 2-phenoxy ethanol were selected for genotoxicity testing, based on production quantity and available genotoxic data. In our previous report, benzoyl chloride induced chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast in vitro with and without metabolic activation, while 2-propyn-l-ol and 2-phenoxy ethanol induced only with metabolic activation. To compare the genotoxicity of chromosome aberration assay, the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay subjected using CHL cells. As a result, statistically significant differences of tail moment values of benzoyl chloride, 2-propyn-1-ol, and 2-phenoxy ethanol were observed compared with control values on almost all concentrations with S9 or without S9 metabolic activation system. This results suggest that genotoxic results of the comet assay and the chromosome aberration assay show correlationship of genotoxicity in the CHL fibroblast. In summary, the positive result of chromosome aberration of benzoyl chloride, 2-propyn-l-ol, and 2-phenoxy ethanol was also induced DNA damages in comet assay with same cell line. Consequently, comet assay will be useful and more accurate tool to detect and to confirm the genotoxicity especially DNA damages in CHL fibroblast.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.120-124
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• 1998

For the purpose of evaluating protective components against alcohol-induced toxicity, the active components enhancing alcohol metabolism was pursued from water soluble fraction by ethanol precipitation and DEAE-cellulose chromatographic technique. As a result, various high molecular weight fractions from Aloe vera and Aloe arborescens, on a single oral administration in rats were found to cause a significant decrease in the blood ethanol concentration as well as enhancement of liver cytosolic ADH and ALDH activities and among which, a strong acidic high molecular weight fraction was demonstrated to exhibit the most potent enhancing activity on ethanol metabolism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.960-964
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• 2007

This study was performed to examine the toxicity of Psoralea corylifolia L. by the single-dose oral toxicity tests in rat and bacterial reverse mutation assay. In single-dose oral toxicity tests, 5 mL ethanol extract of P. corylifolia L. were directly injected into 10 rats (5 males and 5 females) at a dosage of 2 g/kg. Death practice was not detected during breeding periods (14 days), and $LD_{50}$ was calculated over 2 g/kg. No difference were observed with control group in the growth rate and histological observations. In bacterial reverse mutation assay, his(-) Salmonella Typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and trp(-) Escherichia coli WP2uvrA (pKM101) were used for assessing the toxicity of ethanol extracts of P. corylifolia L.. No significant difference in formation of the colonies and no dose-dependent increase was observed regardless of the addition of S9 mix. The results showed that ethanol extracts of P. corylifolia L. did not have single-dose oral toxicity and mutagenic toxicity.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.676-685
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the single oral toxicity of Peucedani Radix (PR) ethanol extracts. PR is one of the important herbs for removal of phlegm, the viscous turbid pathological product that can accumulate in the body and cause a variety of diseases. However, research on the pharmacologic toxicity of PR is lacking. Methods: In this study, PR was orally administered to 5-week-old male ICR mice at an oral dose of 2,000, 3,000, or 5,000 mg/kg. After a single-dose administration, the mortality and behavioral changes were observed daily and body weights were measured every two days. After 14 days, the organ weight, organ index, macroscopy, hematological analysis, and serum biochemistry analysis were determined. Results: No mortality, body weight changes, abnormal behavioral changes, or anatomical signs of toxicity were found. The organ weight, organ index, hematological analysis, and serum biochemistry analysis were also within the normal ranges. Conclusions: These results suggest that the 50% lethal dose of PR is more than 5,000 mg/kg. This could indicate that PR is a safe drug without acute toxicity and side effects.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1132-1136
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• 2014

A yellow-colored pigment is found in turmeric, or Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae), a perennial herb distributed mainly throughout tropical and subtropical regions. C. longa has potent antiviral, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. However, pharmacological mechanisms of ethanol extract derived from C. longa remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential acute toxicity of C. longa (Curcuma longa L.) extract in BALB/c mice administered a single oral dose of 0, 20, 200, and 2,000 mg/kg by gavage. After the administration of the agent, signs of toxicity were observed every hour for the first 6 hr and every day for 14 days. No mortality, abnormal clinical signs, or pathological changes were observed compared to a control group, and there were no differences in the body weights of the control and treatment groups. Biological serum activities were not significantly changed in the treatment group compared to the control group. These results indicate that a single oral administration of C. longa extract does not exert any toxic effects at a dose of 2,000 mg/kg body weight and that the $LD_{50}$ of C. longa extract is greater than 2,000 mg/kg body weight. Accordingly, C. longa appears to have potential in various functional agents or foods, without toxicity.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 1989

Lauryl alcohol was used as extracting solvent of ethanol, and its toxicity on the free cells or immobilized cells was tested. To increase ethanol productivity, extractive fermentation method combined with ethanol fermentation and ethanol recovery was applied to the immobilized batch and continuous fermenter. As the concentration of LaOH was increased, the lag phase became longer, but specific growth rate did not change greatly. And a cell entrapment technique could protect the yeast cells against both substrate inhibition and solvent toxicity. When the glucose concentration was 400 g/l and the LaOH/fermentation medium ratio was 4, total ethanol productivity increased with the enhancement of LaOH volume, and maximum productivity was 2.75 g/l.hr in the immobilized batch fermentation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.417-422
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the Vaccinum oldhami fruit extract as a cosmetic additive. As a result of having macrophage (RAW 264.7) measured a cell toxicity effects of 70% ethanol extract from Vaccinum oldhami fruit, it shown 118% with toxicity at $500{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. In nitric oxide synthesis inhibition effect, 70% ethanol extracts from Vaccinum oldhami fruit shown 47.3% at $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. The iNOS, COX-2 protein expression inhibitory effect by western blot of 70% ethanol extract from Vaccinum oldhami fruit was decreased by 36.13%, 29.61% at $500{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. And iNOS, COX-2 mRNA expression inhibitory effect by reverse-transcription-PCR of 70% ethanol extract from Vaccinum oldhami fruit was decreased by 62.25%, 90.07% at $500{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. All these finding that extract from Vaccinum oldhami fruit could prove that their have effects anti-inflammatory efficacy. And extract from Vaccinum oldhami fruit has potential as a cosmetic ingredients.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 1992

This study was perfonned to investigate effectiveness eness on the gastritis and gastric lesion with the methanol extract of the flower buds of Eugenio caryophyllata. The extract was fractionated with hexane, chIorofonn, ethyl acetate, butanol, followed by bioassay Oil antigastritis. The ethyl acetate and the buthanol fraction reduced significantly HCI.ethanol induced gastric lesion at the dose of 165 and 215 mg/kg, p.o., respectively. These results may indicate that remarkably.effective are ethyl acetate and butanol fractions in HCI-ethanol induced gastric lesion. Howeever, the fractions didn't exhibit any inhibition of gastric secretion and acid output. The buthanol fraction reduced significantly the acetic acid induced ulcer at a daily dose of 215 mg/Kg, p.o., given for 10 days. These result showed considerable inhibit of acetic acid induced ulcer without inhibition of indomethacin induced gastric lesion. The methanol extract showed low acute toxicity with minimum lethal dose of more than 3000 mg/kg, p.o. in mice. In conclusion, Eugenia F10s exhibited antigastric activity which might be attributable to inhibition of gastric secretion. It is indicated that activie component may be present in the buthanol fraction.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.837-844
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• 2015

Carob waste is a useful raw material for the second-generation ethanol because 50% of its dry weight is sucrose, glucose, and fructose. To optimize the process, we have studied the influence of the initial concentration of sugars on the fermentation performance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. With initial sugar concentrations (S₀ ) of 20 g/l, the yeasts were derepressed and the ethanol produced during the exponential phase was consumed in a diauxic phase. The rate of ethanol consumption decreased with increasing S₀ and disappeared at 250 g/l when the Crabtree effect was complete and almost all the sugar consumed was transformed into ethanol with a yield factor of 0.42 g/g. Sucrose hydrolysis was delayed at high S₀ because of glucose repression of invertase synthesis, which was triggered at concentrations above 40 g/l. At S₀ higher than 250 g/l, even when glucose had been exhausted, sucrose was hydrolyzed very slowly, probably due to an inhibition at this low water activity. Although with lower metabolic rates and longer times of fermentation, 250 g/l is considered the optimal initial concentration because it avoids the diauxic consumption of ethanol and maintains enough invertase activity to consume all the sucrose, and also avoids the inhibitions due to lower water activities at higher S₀ .

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.119-125
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• 2008

Objective : This experimental study was performed to investigate the effects of Houttuyniae Herba extract on anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. Methods : The cytotoxicity of Houttuyniae Herba water extract and ethanol extract about viability of Raw 264.7 cell were tested using a colormetric tetrazolium assay(MTT assay). We investigated the inhibitory effects of Houttuyniae Herba water extract and ethanol extract on Propionibactrium acnes using paper disk diffusion method. To investigate the anti-inflammation effects of Houttuyniae Herba water extract and ethanol extract on LPS-induced macrophage Raw 264.7 cell, we used ELISA kit. We evaluated anti-oxidation effects of Houttuyniae Herba water extract and ethanol extract on HaCaT cell by Enzyme recycling method. Results : 1. In Houttuyniae Herba water extract and ethanol extract, cell toxicity depended on the density and wasn't difference between two extracts. 2. Houttuyniae Herba water extract and ethanol extract has not the significant inhibition effect of Propionibactrium acnes. 3. Concentration of 50, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ Houttuyniae Herba water extract inhibited the production of NO in the Raw 264.7 cell stimulated with LPS. 4. All extracts except for $20{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ Houttuyniae Herba water extract showed anti-oxidation effect by decreasing the DPPH radicals. Conclusion : These results indicate that Houttuyniae Herba extract has anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation effects. If further study is performed, the use of Houttuyniae Herba extract will be valuable and benificial in the therapy of Propionibactrium acnes.