• 대한약침학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2011

Objectives : Angelicae Gigantis Radix has been known traditional medicine with antimicrobial activities and it has been widely used for treatment of blood and inflammatory diseases. In the present study, some studies examined anti-inflammation effects of Angelicae Gigantis Radix but they usually were performed by ethanol extracted Angelicae Gigantis Radix pharmacopuncture. So We investigated the inhibitory effects of Angelicae Gigantis Radix pharmacopuncture by hot water and ethanol extract on Nitric oxide(NO) and Prostaglandin $E_2$($PGE_2$) production in lipopolysaccharide(LPS) induced macrophage cell. Methods : Angelicae Gigantis Radix was extracted by ethanol and hot water. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. To evaluate anti-inflammation effects of Angelicae Gigantis Radix pharmacopuncture, we examined NO and $PGE_2$ production in LPS induced macrophages. The concentrations of NO and $PGE_2$ were measured by Griess assay and Enzyme Immuno-Assay. Results : 1) The MTT assay demonstrated that cytotoxic effect of Angelicae Gigantis Radix pharmacopuncture by hot water extract and ethanol extract in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were not appeared. 2) Angelicae Gigantis Radix pharmacopuncture by ethanol extract and hot water extract inhibited NO production in LPS induced macrophages significantly. 3) Angelicae Gigantis Radix pharmacopuncture by ethanol extract tended to inhibiting $PGE_2$ production in LPS induced macrophages. And Angelicae Gigantis Radix pharmacopuncture by hot water extract inhibited LPS induced production of $PGE_2$ in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells significantly. Conclusions : This study suggests that Angelicae Gigantis Radix pharmacopuncture may have an anti-inflammatory property through the inhibition of NO and $PGE_2$ production in LPS induced macrophages. It may have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.176-182
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• 2008

Scolopendra was known to cure erectile dysfunction. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of Scolopendra on the nitric oxide synthase activity, nitrite level, cyclic-GMP and erectile responses in rat's corpus cavernosum penis. The crushed Scolopendra was extracted 3 times, each time with 3 volumes of methyl alcohol at $60^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. The extract was filtered and evaporated under a reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to yield 14.2 g. Scolopendra extract was oral-administered 50 mg per 1 kg of body weight for 30 days. First, samples were treated with Scolopendra, and then ethanol-treated rats and L-N-Nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) treated rats were fed with the samples. The level of urethral nitrite and nitric oxide synthase activity in the ethanol-Scolopendra double administered rats were as high as in the normal group, while the one in the ethanol-treated group was decreased. The level of urethral cyclic-GMP and guanylate cyclase actiyity in the ethanol-Scolopendra double administered rats were as high as in the normal group, while the one in the ethanol-treated group was decreased. The level of urethral phosphodiesterase activity in the ethanol-Scolopendra double administered rats was as low as in the normal group, while the one in the ethanol-treated group was increased. The erectile response to a cavernous nerve stimulation in L-NAME $(10^{-4})-treated$ rats was restored by the Scolopendra to the similar level seen in the normal group. The electile response to cavernous nerve stimulation in the ethanol-Scolopendra double administered rats were increased as high as in the normal group while the one in the ethanol-treated group was decreased. Scolopendra was effective in restoring the ethanol-induced or L-NAME-induced erectile dysfunction in rats.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.322-328
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• 1989

The effect of dietary carnitine on ethanol-induced fattv liver and hvpertriglyceridemia was examined in an animal model. Consistent with literature, ethanol fed at 5g/Kg of b.w. to rats produced a significant increase in hepatic concentrations of total lipid, kislycerine, phospholi-pid, free cholesterol and esteriaed cholesterol as well as elevated plasma concentrations of triglvceride. It was when the ethanol diet was supplemented with D.L. camitine that there was a singini-cant reduction in the accumulation of lipids in the ethanol-compromised liver. Dietary cacti-tine was also effective in ameliorating ethanol-induced hypeuriglyceridemia. Total protein con-tents in the plasma was not varied among the groups. Ethanol의 대사과정에 관여하는 영향중에 특징적인 것으로 과유지방혈증(hyperlipidemia) 까 지방간(fatty liver)을 거쳐 간경변에 이르는 간에 관계하는 일련의 증상들을 들 수 있다. 본 실험에서는 만성적 ethanol의 지방대사 장해에 대한 D.L.-carnitine의 효과에 대해 고찰하였다. 실험용 횐쥐를 사용하여 실험군(ethanol group)에게 체중 kg당 5g의 ethanol(30% in saline)을 투여하여 알콜유발성 지방간과 과유지방혈증을 일으키고, 그 실험군 흰쥐들에게 carnitine(0.4 mg/g of body weight)을 첨가하여 그 효과를 관찰하였다. 그 결과 carnitine을 첨가하여 투여한 흰쥐들에서 ethanol처리군과 비교하여 볼 때 간과 혈장에서 지방축적이 현저히 감소하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• 약학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.107-113
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• 1994

Ally alcohol is metabolized in the liver through two steps, first to reactive acrolein by alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH), subsequently to acrylic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH). Since ethanol could compete the same enzymes to be metabolized in the liver, we have studied the interaction between allyl alcohol and ethanol on liver toxicity. Simultaneous treatment of 2 g/kg ethanol by ip administration with 40 mg/kg allyl alcohol to rats increased the lethality significantly, accompanied by potentiation of the loss of hepatic glutathione. Collectively, these findings suggested that ethanol potentiated the hepatotoxicity and lethality induced by allyl alcohol probably through competing two metabolizing enzymes, ADH and ALDH.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.564-569
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• 2019

최근 알코올 소비량이 증가함에 따라 과량의 에탄올을 섭취하는 경우 또한 늘어나고 있다. 이런 과도한 에탄올 섭취는 ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) 수용체의 활성화와 glutamate 수용체의 활성 억제를 통해 신경계를 교란시켜 단기 기억 형성을 방해 한다. 알코올에 의한 인지기능의 저하는 알코올성 black out을 유도할 수 있으며, 반복될 경우 알코올성 치매로 이어질 수 있기 때문에 black out을 예방하는 치료제의 개발이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구자는 해당 연구를 통하여 Cassia obtusifolia seeds 에탄올 추출물(COE)이 가진 black out 예방제로써의 가능성을 평가하였다. 본 연구에서는 에탄올에 의해 유도된 기억 장애에 대한 COE의 효과를 확인하였다. 실험 동물의 기억력을 측정하기 위하여 수동 회피 실험과 Y자 미로 실험을 수행하였고, 마우스 해마 절편을 사용하여 에탄올이 기억의 형성과 관련하여 장기 강화(long term potentiation; LTP)에 어떠한 영향을 끼치는지 전기생리학을 통해 확인하였다. 또한 ${\alpha}$-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid 수용체 길항제인 NBQX ($50{\mu}M$)를 사용하여 에탄올에 의한 인지기능 장애와 관련이 있다고 알려진 N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) 매개 field 흥분성 시냅스 후 전위를 측정하였다. 결과적으로, COE는 에탄올에 의한 기억력의 손상을 방지하였고, 해마 절편에서 에탄올에 의해 감소된 LTP와 NMDA 매개 흥분성 시냅스 후 전위를 대조군과 비슷한 수준까지 회복시켰다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.24-29
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 녹차 건분 식이가 뇌 조직에서 알코올에 의한 산화적 스트레스 감소효과를 나타내는 지를 규명하고 자, 생후 9개월령 Sprague-Dawley에게 1% 녹차 건분식이를 4주간 공급하고 희생 12시간 전메 급성으로 알코올을 투여한 후 뇌 조직을 cortex, cerebellum, striatum, hippocampus로 나누어 malondialdehyde(MDA)의 함량과 catalase. superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)의 활성을 측정하였다. 본 실험 결과를 종합하여 볼 때. 1%녹차 건분 식이의 공급은 striatum과 hippocampus 내 MDA 함량을 유의적으로 낮추고 알코올에 따른 hippocampus 내 catalase 활성 증가를 유의적으로 억제하였다. 이러한 곁과는 녹차 건분의 공급이 알코올로 산화적 stress를 가한 동물에서 일부 뇌 조직의 지질 산화를 감소시키고 알코올에 의한 뇌 조직 손상으로부터 보호할 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 약학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.267-276
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• 1990

To achieve a better understanding of antioxidant action manifested by malotilate, the dithiol malonates, we monitored the oxy radical-scavenging system against the chronic hepatic damage induced by $CCl_4$ alone or in combination with ethanol. Malotilate was given orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day and $CCl_4$ 1.5 ml/kg was injected subcutaneously twice a week for 4 weeks. In each group receiving ethanol, drinking water was replaced by 20% aqueous solution or glucose, isocaloric amounts of ethanol, as a control of ethanol was diluted in its drinking water. Each rat was killed as a starved state at 18 hours after the period of the experiment, four weeks. The results were summarized as follows: 1) Malotilate inhibited the rate of generation of superoxide radicals, the accumulation of lipoperoxides, and promoted the synthesis of glutathione in the liver. 2) Malotilate stimulated the enhancement of activity of superoxide dismutase in hepatic mitochondria. 3) Malotilate had no effects on the hepatic $H_2O_2$ contents. 4) Malotilate showed the increase of catalase activity in the liver poisoned with $CCl_4$, and also gave a tendency to increase it in the liver intoxicated with ethanol. Thus, our data suggested that the activation of hepatic antioxidant system in the presence of malotilate would play a role in protecting liver against the toxic effects of oxy radical and/or lipid peroxides under the hepatotoxic conditions induced by $CCl_4$ with or without ethanol. However, the effects of malotilate against the ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity appear to be insignificant.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1982-1991
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• 2018

Ethanol accumulation inhibited the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during wine fermentation. Autophagy and the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also induced under ethanol stress. However, the relation between autophagy and ethanol stress was still unclear. In this study, expression of the autophagy genes ATG1 and ATG8 and the production of ROS under ethanol treatment in yeast were measured. The results showed that ethanol stress very significantly induced expression of the ATG1 and ATG8 genes and the production of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) and superoxide anion (${O_2}^{{\cdot}_-}$). Moreover, the atg1 and atg8 mutants aggregated more $H_2O_2$ and ${O_2}^{{\cdot}_-}$ than the wild-type yeast. In addition, inhibitors of the ROS scavenging enzyme induced expression of the ATG1 and ATG8 genes by increasing the levels of $H_2O_2$ and ${O_2}^{{\cdot}_-}$. In contrast, glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcystine (NAC) decreased ATG1 and ATG8 expression by reducing $H_2O_2$ and ${O_2}^{{\cdot}_-}$ production. Rapamycin and 3-methyladenine also caused an obvious change in autophagy levels and simultaneously altered the release of $H_2O_2$ and ${O_2}^{{\cdot}_-}$. Finally, inhibitors of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mtETC) increased the production of $H_2O_2$ and ${O_2}^{{\cdot}_-}$ and also promoted expression levels of the ATG1 and ATG8 genes. In conclusion, ethanol stress induced autophagy which was regulated by $H_2O_2$ and ${O_2}^{{\cdot}_-}$ derived from mtETC, and in turn, the autophagy contributed to the elimination $H_2O_2$ and ${O_2}^{{\cdot}_-}$.

• 생약학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2017

Glutamate-induced oxidative stress results in neuro-degenerative disorders in many central nervous system (CNS) such as Alzheimer's disease, ischemia, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Our study was performed to investigate neuroprotective effects of Allium hookeri extracts (leaf, root, and whole) on glutamate-induced HT22 cells. In this study, ethanol extract of A. hookeri showed the outstanding neuroprotective effect in HT22 cells. In addition, we found that ethanol extract of A. hookeri root increased heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in HT22 cells. Moreover, ethanol extract of A. hookeri root also upregulated nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in HT22 cells. These results demonstrate that ethanol extract of A. hookeri root contributes neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in HT22 cells, via Nrf2-mediated HO-1 expression. Our study suggests that ethanol extract of A. hookeri root could be the potential agent for the treatment of many neuro-degenerative diseases.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.563-570
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• 2021

The fruit stalk of Hovenia dulcis (H.dulcis) is traditionally used to relieve hangovers in Korea. Theracurmin is a highly absorbable curcumin preparation which increases the bioavailability of curcumin. Curcumin is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the role of this combination in lowering alcohol levels in the body, thereby alleviating the severity of alcohol-induced hangover has not been investigated. Therefore, we conducted a study to investigate the eliminatory effects of a health drink containing the extract of the H. dulcis fruit stalk and theracurmin (theracurmin drink) on ethanol-induced hangover in rats. The theracurmin drink delivered orally to rats 30 mins before the administration of 40% ethanol (5 g/kg body weight), lowered the concentration of ethanol and acetaldehyde in the blood samples collected 1, 3, and 5 h after ethanol administration. Furthermore, the theracurmin drink increased the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes. The effectiveness of the theracurmin drink was thus superior to that of other health drink products, suggesting that its consumption may alleviate or prevent an alcohol-induced hangover.