• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2016

This study investigated the chemical composition of Cirsium japonicum var. ussurience Kitamura essential oil and the quantitative changes of major volatile flavor compounds according to the harvesting season. The essential oils obtained by the method of hydrodistillation extraction from aerial parts of C. japonicum var. ussurience Kitamura were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Sixty-four volatile flavor compounds were identified in the essential oil from C. japonicum var. ussurience Kitamura harvested in May 2012; hexadecanoic acid (49.31%) was the most abundant compound, followed by 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (13.72%), phytol (13.40%) and 9-hexadecenoic acid (4.16%). Eighty-three compounds were identified in the essential oil from the plant harvested in October 2012; phytol (40.56%), hexadecanoic acid (17.69%), 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (13.71%), and caryophyllene oxide (4.15%) were the most abundant compounds. Types and levels of volatile compounds from different harvesting seasons varied. The essential oil composition of C. japonicum var. ussurience Kitamura harvested in the spring and autumn was characterized by higher contents of aliphatic fatty acid, diterpene and sesquiterpene, respectively.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.418-423
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• 2001

CC-MS analysis on the essential oil (CC-oil) of Cinnamomum cassia stem bark led to the identification of cinnamaldehyde (CNA, 1), 2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde (2-CNA), coumarin (2), and cinnamyl acetate. The major volatile flavor in CC-oil was found to be 2-CNA. Coumarin was first isolated from this plant by photochemical isolation and spectroscopic analysis. CNA and CC-oil showed potent cytotoxicity, which was effectively prevented by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) treatment. Intraperitoneal administration with CNA considerably decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and glutathione S-transferase activity in rats. These results suggest that CC-oil and CNA can regulate the triggering of hepatic drugmetabolizing enzymes by the formation of a glutathione-conjugate.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2006

The essential oil (EC-oil) obtained from the buds of Eugenia caryophyllata (Myrtaceae) was examined for its free radical-scavenging activity, cytotoxicity, and in vivo toxicity. To find the xenobiotic properties of EC-oil, serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level and hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activities were measured. It was found that EC-oil displayed xenobiotic properties like bromobenzene. The cytotoxicities of eugenol and of the EC-oil were greatly attenuated by the sulfhydryl-containing N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), suggesting that eugenol was susceptible to nucleophilic sulfhydryl. In addition, eugenol also showed potent free radical-scavenging activity in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Moreover, methyleugenol considerably exhibited less cytotoxicity and less potent free radical-scavenging activity than eugenol, and the cell viability of the methyleugenol was more increased with NAC treatment than the eugenol. These results indicate that the phenolic OH in eugenol may play a crucial role in both cytotoxicity and free radical-scavenging activity. The fashion on oxidative stress and hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activities of eugenol resembled those of bromobenznene.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.138-142
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• 2008

The composition of essential oils from Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum and C. indicum were analyzed and compared. The results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed there were distinctly different compositional patterns between C. zawadskii var. latilobum and C. indicum essential oils. The combinatorial effect of the oil of C. zawadskii var. latilobum and C. indicum, with various antibiotics was assessed against antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The essential oil fraction significantly inhibited most of the tested antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant strains of S. pneumoniae, with minimum inhibiting concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.5 to 4.0 mg/ml. The fractional inhibiting concentration indices (FICIs) of the oils when combined with antibiotics against S. aureus and S. pneumoniae ranged from 0.26 to 0.75, and showed synergistic or additive effects.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.317-331
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• 2021

에센셜 오일(essential oil)은 1 개의 단일 식물형 및 식물종이 만들어낸 향이 나는 식물 재료를 물리적인 방법으로 얻어낸 휘발성 물질로 방부, 살균, 항균 효과가 뛰어나 화장품, 향료, 아로마 테라피 치료 등의 목적으로 폭 넓게 사용되고 있다. 에센셜오일은 추출 및 농축과정을 거치게 되는데 이때 재배 과정 중 살포된 농약 또한 추출 및 농축이 됨으로써 인체에 유해할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 에센셜 오일 중 320 종의 잔류농약을 분석하기 위하여 LC-MS/MS와 GC-MS/MS를 이용하였으며 기존의 정제과정인 hexane 대신 freezing 과정을 이용하여 전처리방법을 개선하였다. 에센셜 오일을 분석한 결과 기준치가 설정되어 있지 않은 chlorpyrifos, piperonyl butoxide, silafluofen 성분이 basil oil 및 clove leaf oil에서 검출되었다. 따라서 에센셜 오일에 대한 잔류농약 모니터링이 지속적으로 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2006

털두꺼비하늘소(Moechotypa diphysis) 성충에 대한 18종 식물정유의 훈증독성을 조사하였다. 그들 중 10 $\mu\ell/\ell$ (공기)의 농도에서 eucalyptus oil, rosemary oil, 그리고 pennyroyal oil은 100%, sage oil은 85%의 살충활성을 나타내었다. 4종 정유의 치사속도를 조사한 결과, eucalyptus oil과 rosemary oil이 처리 후 6시간 이내에 100%의 살충률을 나타내었다. 각 정유에 대한 주요 구성성분을 GC와 GC/MS로 분석한 결과, eucalyptus oil, rosemary oil, sage oil의 주성분인 1,8-cineole과 sage oil의 또 다른 주성분인 thujone과 pennyroyal의 주성분인 pulegone 모두 20 $\mu\ell/\ell$(공기)의 농도에서 100%의 살충효과를 나타내었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.153-161
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• 2016

This study investigated the chemical composition of Solidago virga-aurea var. asiatica Nakai essential oils collected using different extraction methods. The essential oils obtained by simultaneous steam distillation extraction (SDE) and hydrodistillation extraction (HDE) methods from the aerial parts of Solidago virga-aurea var. asiatica Nakai were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Ninety-nine volatile flavor compounds were identified in the essential oil produced from Solidago virga-aurea var. asiatica Nakai using the SDE method. These compounds were classified into eight categories in terms of chemical functionality: 26 hydrocarbons, 8 aldehydes, 36 alcohols, 7 ketones, 12 esters, 5 oxides and epixides, 4 acids, and a miscellaneous one. Spathulenol (15.66%) was the most abundant compound. Ninety-eight compounds including of 35 hydrocarbons, 6 aldehydes, 29 alcohols, 6 ketones, 10 esters, 4 oxides and epixides, 7 acids, and a miscellaneous one were identified in the essential oil from the plant using the HDE method. Hexadecanoic acid (24.74%) was the most abundant compound. The chemical composition of Solidago virga-aurea var. asiatica Nakai essential oils extracted by SDE and HDE methods are characterized by high content of sesquiterpene alcohols and acids, respectively. The extraction methods may be influenced in the chemical composition of natural plant essential oils.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.391-396
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• 2009

The chemical compositions, and antibacterial and antifungal effects of essential oils extracted from three coniferous species, Pinus densiflora, Cryptomeria japonica, and Chamaecyparis obtusa, were investigated. Gas chromatography mass analysis of the essential oils revealed that the major components and the percentage of each essential oil were 16.66% $\beta$-phellandrene and 14.85% $\alpha$-pinene in P. densiflora; 31.45% kaur-16-ene and 11.06% sabinene in C. japonica; and 18.75% bicyclo [2,2,1] heptan-2-ol and 17.41% 2-carene in Ch. obtusa. The antimicrobial assay by agar disc diffusion method showed that $2.2{\mu}g$ of Ch. obtusa oil inhibited most effectively the growth of Escherichia coli ATCC 33312 and Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 10031, whereas the C. japonica oil gave weak antimicrobial activity. The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) values for bacterial strains were in the range of 5.45-21.8 mg/ml depending on essential oils, but most Gram-negative bacteria were resistant even at 21.8 mg oil/ml. P. densiflora oil showed the most effective antifungal activity and the MIC values for Cryptococcus neoformans B42419 and Candida glabrata YFCC 062CCM 11658 were as low as 0.545 and 2.18 mg/ml, respectively. Cryp. neoformans B42419 was the most sensitive to all essential oils in the range of 0.545-2.18 mg/ml. Our data clearly showed that the essential oils from the three conifers had effective antimicrobial activity, especially against fungi.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2010

본 시험은 Blended Essential Oil 급여가 비육돈의 육질특성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 시험 개시시 평균체중이 66.24 kg인 3원 교잡종(Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire ${\times}$ Duroc) 비육돈 80두를 공시하였으며, 10주간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 시험설계는 1) CON (basal diet) 2) NBE (basal diet + 75 ppm of blended essential oil), 3) NBA (basal diet + 0.3% Benzoic acid)] 및 4) BEB [basal diet + 75 ppm of blended essential oil (with 0.3% Benzoic acid)]로 4개 처리를 하여 처리당 5반복, 반복당 4두씩 완전임의 배치하였다. 등심은 일반도축장에서 110~120 kg 도축 후 수집하였다. 육질평가 결과, 근내 지방도는 NBE 처리구가 CON 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 또한, 경도는 NBA 처리구가 CON 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). Total UFA/SFA는 NBA 처리구가 BEB 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 이에 본 시험결과, 비육돈에 blended essential oil의 첨가는 육 및 지방 내 지방산 조성을 개선시킴으로써 브랜드 돈육 개발이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.226-231
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• 2016

The present GC-MS analysis elucidated the composition of the essential oil obtained from the herb of Elsholtzia ciliata(Lamiaceae). Overall, the content of monoterpenes was higher than that of sesquiterpenes. Monoterpenes rich in this oil were carvone (peak area, 26.180%), camphor (2.304%), borneol (9.974%), dihydrocarveol (3.296%), ${\alpha}$-citral (=geranial, 4.025%), geranic acid (2.961%), while sesquiterpenes occupying relatively higher percentage were ${\alpha}$-humulene (0.918%), (-)-spathulenol (0.974%), ${\alpha}$-caryophyllene oxide (2.014%), globulol (1.362%), ${\beta}$-caryophyllene oxide (0.750%). The components characterizing this oil were 1-octen-3-ol, acetophenone, and butylated hydroxytoluene. The $IC_{50}$ of this oil on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were $42.37{\mu}g/ml$ and $121.34{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, suggesting that the essential oil of E. ciliata may be active on the memory loss of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease.