• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.740-747
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• 2014

Antifungal properties of clove(Eugenia caryophyllata) against food spoilage microorganism, Penicillium rugullosum IFO 4683 was investigated. Antifungal activity of the essential oil was as equivalent as potassium metabisulfite and myconazole. The clove extracts was fractionated to hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water fraction. Hexane fraction showed the highest inhibitory effect on the Penicillium rugullosum IFO 4683. Hexane fraction was further fractionated by silica gel column chromatography and thin layer chromatography(TLC). The antifungal compound was isolated from their fractions and their chemical structures were identified as eugenol, eugenol acetate and chavicol by EI-MS, $^1H$-NMR and $^{13}C$-NMR.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1555-1562
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• 2010

Development of the strain and the fermentation process of Hansenula polymorpha was implemented for the production of ${\gamma}$-linolenic acid ($GLA,\;C18:3{\Delta}^{6,9,12}$), an n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that has been reported to possess a number of health benefits. The mutated ${\Delta}^6$-desaturase (S213A) gene of Mucor rouxii was expressed in H. polymorpha under the control of the methanol oxidase (MOX) promoter. Without the utilization of methanol, a high-cell-density culture of the yeast recombinant carrying the ${\Delta}^6$-desaturase gene was then achieved by fed-batch fermentation under glycerol-limited conditions. As a result, high levels of the ${\Delta}^6$-desaturated products, octadecadienoic acid ($C18:2{\Delta}^{6,9}$), GLA, and stearidonic acid ($C18:4{\Delta}^{6,9,12,15}$), were accumulated under the derepression conditions. The GLA production was also optimized by adjusting the specific growth rate. The results show that the specific growth rate affected both the lipid content and the fatty acid composition of the GLA-producing recombinant. Among the various specific growth rates tested, the highest GLA concentration of 697 mg/l was obtained in the culture with a specific growth rate of 0.08 /h. Interestingly, the fatty acid profile of the yeast recombinant bearing the Mucor ${\Delta}^6$-desaturase gene was similar to that of blackcurrant oil, with both containing similar proportions of n-3 and n-6 essential fatty acids.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.223-230
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• 2008

소합향원 (蘇合香元) 가감방(加減方) 정유향기의 진통효과가 투여방법에 따라 어떤 차이가 있는지를 비교, 검토함으로서 본 약재의 새로운 적용방법을 탐색해 보고자 한다. 방법 : 가감소합향원에서 추출한 정유향기를 실험동물을 대상으로 7일간 경구 (50mg/kg, 100mg/kg), 흡입 (매일 3시간씩 1일 2회), 또는 피부도찰 (10mg) 방법으로 투여하여 페닐퀴논-유도 writhing test, 아세트산-유도 writhing test 및 hot-plate test를 실시하였다. 결과 : 가감소합향원 정유향기는 페닐퀴논-유도 writhing test에서는 피부도찰이 가장 효과적 이었으며 그 효과는 양성 대조약물인 아세트아미노펜 보다 약간 더 우수하였다 (p<0.05). 아세트산-유도 writhing test에서도 피부도찰법이 가장 좋은 효과를 나타내었으며 양성대조 약물인 아미노피린보다는 좀 더 좋은 효과를 보여주었다 (p<0.05). 그러나 hot-plate test에서는 경구투여가 가장 좋은 진통효과를 나타내었는데 고용량 (100mg/kg)에서는 양성 대조약물인 아세트아미노펜보다 유의적으로 더 효과적이었으나 저용량 (50mg/kg )에서는 이보다 다소 약하였다. 이상의 연구결과, 가감소합향원의 정유향기는 피부도찰시에는 비특이적 화학자극제인 페닐퀴논이나 아세트산에 의한 통증의 완화에 보다 효과적이며, 경구투여시에는 중추신경계에 영향을 미치는 hot plate에 의한 열자극성 통증에 더 유효함을 의미한다. 결론 : 가감소합향원의 정유향기액은 향기흡입보다는 피부흡수나 경구투여방법으로 진통의 목적으로 응용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.265-274
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• 2011

Nowadays, the importance of non-point source pollution treatment is being emphasized. Especially, the easy runoff characteristic of highly concentrated pollutants in the roads makes the circumstance more complicated due to impermeability of roads. When the pollutants flow into steam it could make water quality in stream worse and it also causes a bad influence in the aquatic ecosystem because the effluents of rainfall-runoff may contain indecomposable materials like oil and heavy metals. Therefore, we tried to figure out the property of non-point source pollution when it is raining and carried out an assessment for the property of runoff for non-point source pollution and EMC (Event Mean Concentrations) of the essential pollutants during this study. As the result of the study, the EMC was BOD 5.2~21.7 mg/L, COD 7.5~35.4 mg/L, TSS 71.5~466.1 mg/L, T-N 0.682~1.789 mg/L and T-P 0.174~0.378 mg/L, respectively. The decreasing rate of non-point pollutant in Chungyang-Hongsung road indicates the maximum decrease of 80% until 5 mm of rainfall based on SS concentration; by the rainy time within 20~30 minutes, the decreasing rate of SS concentration was shown as 88.0~97.6%. Therefore it was concluded that it seems to be possibly control non-point pollutants if we install equipments to treat non-point pollutants with holding capacity of 30 min. It is supposed that the result of this study could be used for non-point pollutants treatment of roads in Chungyang-Hongsung area. We also want to systematically study and consistently prepare the efficient management of runoff from non-point source pollution and pollutant loading because the characteristics of non-point source pollution runoff changes depending on different characteristics and situations of roads and rainfall.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2017

Background and purpose: This study was carried out to learn more about the potential prophylactic or antibacterial activity of the plant Acalypha indica against selective pathogenic bacteria. Experimental: The test organisms were Sarcina lutea IFO 3232, Bacillus subtilis IFO 3026, Pseudomonas denitrificans, Escherichia coli IFO 3007, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATTC 10031, Xanthomonas campestris IAM 1671, and Proteus vulgaris. Leaf, stem, and bud powder of Acalypha indica were dissolved in various solvents, and the extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity through the disc diffusion method. GC-MS profiling was performed to characterize active chemical compounds in the essential oil of Acalypha indica. Results: The ethanol extract showed the highest activity against all bacteria, while the petroleum ether extract yielded the highest zone of inhibition against Proteus vulgaris ($11.83{\pm}1.75mm$). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the ethyl acetate extract against Bacillus subtilis was 16 µg/mL. Phytochemical screening by GC-MS revealed a total of 12 bioactive compounds. Conclusion: Extracts of Acalypha indica may be useful in formulating and synthesizing new antibacterial drugs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.269-275
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• 2001

The present research was designed to collect recipe of set up a standard recipe and analyze the nutrients of broiled black goat meat (a kind of native local foods in Busan and south province). The results of the study are summarized as follows. The recipe for goat(lamb) meat was recorded in Sanlimkyounggae and Jungbosanlimkyounggae between 1715 and 1827. The goat meat was explained as food for health, rejuvenation and recuperation Since late 1800, it has been utilized for such use. The flavor of broiled black goat meat is influenced by seasonings, fruit juice, heating treatment and cooker. And it also could be affected by the method of slaughter and the sex of the goat. There are lot of element in seasoning. Red pepper paste, garlic and ginger holdback the bad smell and make the taste better. Onion help to retain the water and improve the flavor. Starch syrup, sugar and sesame oil make the meat smoother, glossier and more tasty. The meat is usually roasted on grill over charcoal. It helps to remove or suppress the bad smell and make the taste better. Softness and scent of the meat depend largely on the way to butcher. Female goat meat tastes smoother and smells better. Fruit juice also improve the softness of the meat. Energy per 100g of the 'broiled black goat meat' is 170kcal. There are protein (23g), fat(2.4g), Ca(159mg), Fe(1.1mg) and so on. Amino acid is mainly comprised of essential amino acid such as cystine, lysine, leucine, and arginine. Fatty acid consists primarily of unsaturated fatty acid like oleic acid, linoleic acid.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.593-602
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• 2013

Biodiesel is an important new alternative transportation fuel and it can be produced by chemically reacting a fat or oil with an alcohol, in the presence of a catalyst. The product of the reaction is a mixture of methyl esters, which are known as biodiesel, and glycerol, which is a high value co-product. The process is known as transesterification. Biodiesel can be used neat and when used as a pure fuel it is known as BD100. However, it is often blended with petroleum-based diesel fuel and when this is done the blend is designated BD5 or BD20(BD20 is a blend of 20% biodiesel and 80% petroleum diesel fuel). Adherence to a quality standard is essential for proper performance of the fuel in the engine and will be necessary for widespread use of biodiesel. In this study, we analyzed 4,144 papers of biodiesel by category, country, institution, keyword etc. from 2001 to 2013 years.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.51-54
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• 2016

Metal sheet forming has been commonly used as the core technology in manufacturing parts of automobiles. It guarantees the highest production rate due to the process of mass production employing the press die. For precision of the product, the accuracy of the molds and its mechanic structures are considered as essential factors. One of these is fine blanking, which is utilized for the production of the metal sheet spring, with which clear sheer surfaces can be achieved in one operation from the materials. However, the current designs of press dies perform the forming analysis with the molds of rigid body, so they are focused on weight lightening by a rule of thumb. Therefore, this paper practice structural analysis about developing the semi fine-fine blanking technology. The semi fine-blanking can be run through the combination of the hydraulic cylinders and normal presses, so this paper analyze the amount of deformation according to the oil pressure. In addition, based on the plasticity of 50CrV4, the materials of the mold parts, the structural analysis and life analysis are proceeded, so they are expected to be useful as data for manufacturing the mold.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.389-394
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• 2001

In order to isolate antimicrobial substances from Schizandra chinensis, the dried fruits were extracted with the methanol and the extract showed a strong antimicrobial activity. Also, the methanol exract was further fractionated with hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate and buthanol. The ethyl acetate-soluble fraction showed the strongest antimicrobial activity. These fraction were further separated by using various chromatographic methods including thin layer chromatography, silicagel open column chromatography and prep. HPLC. A major component S-EA-5-T1 and S-EA-5-T3 from the ethyl acetate fraction, which showed a strong antimicrobial activity was identified by Mass and NMR spectrometry. Two compounds were isolated and identified as trimethylcitrate and the essential oil of Schizandra chinensis and was estimated as gomisin C, respectively. The growth of S. typhimurium was also inhibited about 1.65 to 2.86 log cycle in minced pork by the addition 1% of Schizandra chinensis extract for 12 days at $4^{\circ}C$. These results suggested that these compounds have a strong potential as a natual food preservatives.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.187-197
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• 1997

Major separation for the active ingredients and characterization of chemical properties in conjunction with screening test on animal were performed in order to analyze and standardize Ligustici Rhizoma or Angelicae Tenuissimae Radix as an important oriental herbal medicine for antiphlogistic or an important oriental herbal medicine for antiphlogistic or an anodyne. Furthermore the structure, composition and contents of ingredients for essential oil in Angelicae Tenuissimae Radix(Suckpo, Korea) were determined by means of Ge/MS followed by screening test on Z-ligustilide(82%) known as major ingredient as well as butylidenephthalide collected by HPLC with normal phase semiprep-column. The total active ingredient in Ligustici Rhizoma from China or Angelicae Tenuissimae harvested at Choonyang(Kyungnam, Korea), Jungsun(Kangwon, Korea), Suckpo(Kyungnam Korea), Youngchun(Kyungnam, Korea) have been determined showing higher abundant for three times on the product in Korea compared to that in China. In addition, the major component in Ahgelicae Tebyussunae Radux extract was found to be Z-ligustilide(70-80%) which is very different from that in Ligustici Rhizoma senkyunolide(39%) as major species. For screening test of Ligustici Rhizoma or Angelicae Tenuissimae Radix extracts toward the target animal, the efficiency has been shown the similarity on both extracts. Taking into account the level of ingredient, the total efficiency may be three times higher on Angelicae Tenuissimae Radix in Korea compared to Ligustici Rhizoma in China. As a result of present study, it is preferable to distinguish between Ligustici Rhizoma and Angelicae Tenuissimae Radix for better usage of oriental herbal medicine because of very different composition and abundant in spite of their similar screening effect.