• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제32권9호
• /
• pp.806-812
• /
• 1999

배경: 식도암 절제 후 대치장기의 흉곽 내 경로는 환자의 상태, 암의 성상, 수술자의 기호나 경험 등에 따라 다양한 선택이 있다. 그 중 개흉술 후 피하 통로나 흉골하 통로를 이용하는 방법은 수술시간이 길며 술후 호흡기 합병증 등이 많이 발생한다는 보고가 있다. 본 연구는 대치장기의 흉곽 내 경로가 그러한 수술경과에 영향을 미치는지 확인하고자 계획되었다. 대상 및 방법: 식도암 절제 후 재건술을 시행 받은 131명의 환자 중, 대치장기의 경로가 후종격(I군, n=34), 흉골 하부(II군, n=31), 피하(III군, n=21)로 만들어 준 86명을 선택하여 각각의 조기 성적 및 합병증 등을 비교하였다. 결과: 남녀는 각각 79명 및 7명이었다. 암의 성상은 편평 상피암(squamous cell carcinoma)이 81명, 악성 선종(adenocarcinoma)이 5명이었다. 각 군의 수술 전 몸무게, 키, 나이, 식도암의 병기 및 위치, 전신상태 평가, 폐기능에서 차이가 없었다. 조기 성적에서 수술시간에는 유의한 차이 없었으나, 술후 인공호흡기 사용시간은 I군 (평균 20.6시간)에서 II군(7.8시간) 및 III군(3.4시간) 보다 유의하게 길었다(p=0.005). 중환자실 체류기간은 폐렴 등의 호흡기 합병증 때문에 III군(평균 6.4일)에서 I군(3.9일) 및 II군(3.1일) 보다 유의하게 길었으나(p=0.043), 술후 입원기간의 차이는 없었다. 술후 환자 일인당 수혈량은 I군에서 II군(1535mL), III군(1419mL) 보다 유의하게 많았으며(3833mL, p=0.04), 수혈을 받은 환자수도 II군(13/31명), III군(15/21명) 보다 I군에서 더 많았으나(30/34명, p=0.001) 출혈로인한 재수술 건수에는 차이가 없었다. 조기 사망률은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 조기 사망원인 중 패혈증은 I군에서 많았으나 문합부 유출과는 관계가 없었다. 그 외 조기 합병증과 후기 합병증, 평균 생존기간 등에서 각 군간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론: 본 연구 결과는 후종격, 흉골 하부, 피하 경로간에 조기 성적이나 합병증 및 생존율에서 차이가 없음을 보여 주었다. 따라서, 식도암 절제 후 재건술에서 대치장기의 흉곽 내 통로 선정은 수술자의 기호와 경험이 수술 결과에 중요하다고 판단한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.2629-2633
• /
• 2012

Background: Raw betel nut (RBN) chewing is an important contributing factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), although associated genomic changes remain unclear. One difficulty in assessing the effects of exclusively RBN induced genetic alterations has been that earlier studies were performed with samples of patients commonly using tobacco and alcohol, in addition to betel-quid. Both CDKN2A (at 9p21) and Rb1 gene (at 13q14.2) are regarded as tumor suppressors involved in the development of ESCC. Therefore, the present study aimed to verify the RBN's ability to induce ESCC and assess the involvement of CDKN2A and Rb1 genes. Methods: A panel of dinucelotide polymorphic markers were chosen for loss of heterozygosity studies in 93 samples of which 34 were collected from patients with only RBN-chewing habit. Promoter hypermethylation was also investigated. Results: Loss in microsatellite markers D9S1748 and D9S1749, located close to exon $1{\beta}$ of CDKN2A/ARF gene at 9p21, was noted in 40% ESCC samples with the habit of RBN-chewing alone. Involvement of a novel site in the 9p23 region was also observed. Promoter hypermethylation of CDKN2A gene in the samples with the habit of only RBN-chewing alone was significantly higher (p=0.01) than Rb1 gene, also from the samples having the habit of use both RBN and tobacco (p=0.047). Conclusions: The data indicate that the disruption of 9p21 where CDKN2A gene resides, is the most frequent critical genetic event in RBN-associated carcinogenesis. The involvement of 9p23 as well as 13q14.2 could be required in later stages in RBN-mediated carcinogenesis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권15호
• /
• pp.6481-6490
• /
• 2015

Background: Esophageal cancer (EC) is among the most common malignancies in Eastern Africa, but the occurrence of EC in Sudan has rarely been described in the scientific literature. This paper reports the results of a consecutive case series of all EC patients who visited one of the two public cancer treatment centers in the country in 1999-2012, providing a first description of this disease in a treatment center located in central Sudan. Materials and Methods: Clinical and demographic data for all EC patients who visited the Department of Oncology of the National Cancer Institute at the University of Gezira (NCI-UG) from 1999 to the end of 2012 were abstracted and tabulated by sex, tumor type and other characteristics. Results: A total of 448 EC patients visited NCI-UG in 1999-2012, and the annual number of EC cases increased steadily from 1999. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the predominant EC tumor type (90%), and adenocarcinoma (ADC) was reported in 9.4% of the EC cases. The overall male-to-female ratio for EC was 1:1.8, but the ratio was tumor type-dependent, being 1:2 for SCC and 2:1 for ADC. Only 20% of EC patients reported having ever used tobacco and/or alcohol, and the vast majority of these patients were male. At the time of EC diagnosis, 47.3% of the patients resided in Gezira State. Some EC patients from Gezira State seek out-of-state treatment in the national capital of Khartoum instead of visiting NCI-UG. Conclusions: The annual number of EC patients visiting NCI-UG has increased in recent years, approximately half of these patients being from Gezira State. Although this consecutive series of EC patients who visited NCI-UG was complete, it did not capture all EC patients from the state. A populationbased cancer registry would provide more complete data required to better understand EC patterns and risk factors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권12호
• /
• pp.6277-6283
• /
• 2012

Background: Northern Iran counts as one of the highest prevalence regions for esophageal cancer (EC) worldwide. This study was designed to assess the epidemiologic aspects of EC in north central and northwest Iran over a 10 year period. Materials and Methods: The Guilan cancer registry study (GCRS) is a population-based cancer registry study featuring retrospective (1996-2003) and prospective (2004-2005) phases. A detailed questionnaire based on WHO standards for cancer registratration was applied to gather the required information. Two trained physicians coded information using ICD-O-3 in close coordination with an expert pathologist. Results: A total of 19,936 cases of malignancy (mean age $55.4{\pm}18.0$ years, range: 1-98 years) were registered, including 1,147 cases (670 males, 447 female; mean age: $64.0{\pm}11.5$ years) of EC. In 1996 the male/female ratio among patients with EC was 1.25 which increased to 1.53 in 2005. The lower third of the esophagus still remained the most common site of tumors. The average age-standardized rate (ASR) was 6.9 and 4.1 per $10^5$ men and women, respectively. In 1996, the ASRs were 7.2 and 5.2 per $10^5$ men and women which decreased to 6.9 and 4.1 per $10^5$ in 2004-2005. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most prevalent histological subtype of EC accounting over 80% of cases. Conclusions: However the prevalence of adenocarcinoma (ADC) showed an increase to 18.4%. Guilan province may be considered a relatively low incidence region for EC.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.392-395
• /
• 2009

선양 낭포성 암종은 주로 주타액선, 호흡기 등에 잘 발생하는 종양으로 식도에서는 매우 드물게 발생한다. 식도의 선양 낭포성 암종은 타액선에 발생하는 것과는 임상병리학적으로 차이가 있으며, 악성도가 높고 예후가 불량하다. 저자들은 65세 남자 환자에서 발생한 식도의 선양 낭포성 암종을 치험하였기에 이에 대한 수술 및 임상병리적 소견을 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하고자 한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권14호
• /
• pp.5889-5893
• /
• 2014

Over-expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been identified as a common feature associated with clinical outcome in many types of cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus (SCCO). However, the clinical importance of EGFR over-expression in SCCO remains unsettled as conflicting results exist. Therefore we carried out the present meta-analysis of published studies for clarification. A total of 13 studies including 1, 150 patients were enrolled. EGFR over-expression was positive in 722 of these cases. With EGFR over-expression, patients had higher depth of invasion, vascular invasion, and poor prognosis. However, expression had no relation with degree of differentiation, histological grade, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage or lymphatic invasion. EGFR over-expression is probably a valuable predictor for the T stage, vascular invasion and OS, and it could be used as a poor prognosis indicator for the esophageal SCC patients. Targeting therapy to EFGR should be considered to the combined treatment in SCCO.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.799-804
• /
• 2006

Ingestion of green tea has been shown to decrease prostaglandin $E_2$ levels in human colorectum, suggesting that tea constituents modulate arachidonic acid metabolism. In the present study, we investigated the effects of four purified green tea catechins, (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), on the catalytic activity of cytosolic phospholipase $A_2$ ($cPLA_2$) and release of arachidonic acid and its metabolites from intact cells. At $50\;{\mu}M$, EGCG and ECG inhibited $cPLA_2$ activity by 19 and 37%, respectively, whereas EC and EGC were less effective. The inhibitory effects of these catechins on arachidonic acid metabolism in intact cells were much more pronounced. At $10\;{\mu}M$, EGCG and ECG inhibited the release of arachidonic acid and its metabolites by 50-70% in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29) and human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells (KYSE-190 and 450). EGCG and ECG also inhibited arachidonic acid release induced by A23187, a calcium ionophore, in both HT-29 and KYSE-450 cell lines by 30-50%. The inhibitory effects of green tea catechins on $cPLA_2$ and arachidonic acid release may provide a possible mechanism for the prevention of human gastrointestinal inflammation and cancers.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.78-85
• /
• 2011

Since January of 2010, the seventh edition of UICC tumor node metastasis (TNM) Classification, which has recently been revised, has been applied to almost all cases of malignant tumors. Compared to previous editions, the merits and demerits of the current revisions were analyzed. Many revisions have been made for criteria for the classification of lymph nodes. In particular, all the cases in whom the number of lymph nodes is more than 7 were classified as N3 without being differentiated. Therefore, the coverage of the N3 was broad. Owing to this, there was no consistency in predicting the prognosis of the N3 group. By determining the positive cases to a distant metastasis as TNM stage IV, the discrepancy in the TNM stage IV compared to the sixth edition was resolved. In regard to the classification system for an esophagogastric (EG) junction carcinoma, it was declared that cases of an invasion to the EG junction should follow the classification system for esophageal cancer. A review of clinical cases reported from Asian patients suggests that it would be more appropriate to follow the previous editions of the classification system for gastric cancer. In addition, in the classification of the TNM stages in the overall cases, the discrepancy in the prognosis between the different stages and the consistency in the prognosis between the same TNM stages were achieved to a lesser extent as compared to that previously. Accordingly, further revisions are needed to develop a purposive classification method where the prognosis can be predicted specifically to each variable and the mode of the overall classification can be simplified.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제42권5호
• /
• pp.662-665
• /
• 2009

식도, 위, 폐 그리고 구강에 동시 발생한 다발성 원발암에 대해 보고하고자 한다. 65세 남자 환자가 구강 내 종괴에 대해 상피세포암을 진단받고 광범위 절제술을 시행 받았다. 수술 후 정확한 병기 결정을 위해 시행한 검사에서 식도암, 위암 그리고 폐암이 추가로 확인되었다. 저자들은 상기 세가지암에 대하여 한 차례 수술로 근치적 절제술을 시행하여, 만족할 만한 결과를 얻었기에 이에 대해 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.67-69
• /
• 2018

The development of office-based, unsedated transnasal esophagoscopy (TNE) has proven to be a major technological advance and with time and experience the application of this technology is becoming more widespread. TNE has allowed otolaryngologists to perform a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in the office setting. Studies consistently demonstrate that the image quality and diagnostic capability of TNE is equivalent to conventional esophagoscopy. The modern TNE endoscopes offer high quality optics, air-insufflation, and irrigation capability through a 2-mm working channel, and the ability to perform biopsies and select procedures. In general, the role of TNE in the head and neck patient is three-fold : to screen for synchronous and metachronous esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) ; to differentiate post-treatment changes/symptoms from malignancy ; and to perform certain office-based procedures. TNE offers many specific advantages to the head and neck patient that are not afforded by conventional esophagoscopy. Because of surgical and postirradiation changes, many HNSCC patients have trismus or neck stiffness preventing completion of conventional transoral esophagoscopy. Perhaps most importantly, TNE provides enhanced patient safety, increased tolerability, better practice efficiency, and cost savings. For these reasons, TNE has become a particularly useful tool in the otolaryngologist's armamentarium.