• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1105-1115
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• 2021

Objective: To conserve and utilize the genetic resources of a traditional Chinese indigenous pig breed, Liangshan pig, we assessed the genetic diversity, genetic structure, and genetic distance in this study. Methods: We used 50K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip for SNP detection of 139 individuals in the Liangshan Pig Conservation Farm. Results: The genetically closed conserved population consisted of five overlapping generations, and the total effective content of the population (Ne) was 15. The whole population was divided into five boar families and one non-boar family. Among them, the effective size of each generation subpopulation continuously decreased. However, the proportion of polymorphic markers (P_N) first decreased and then increased. The average genetic distance of these 139 Liangshan pigs was 0.2823±0.0259, and the average genetic distance of the 14 boars was 0.2723±0.0384. Thus, it can be deduced that the genetic distance changed from generation to generation. In the conserved population, 983 runs of homozygosity (ROH) were detected, and the majority of ROH (80%) were within 100 Mb. The inbreeding coefficient calculated based on ROH showed an average value of 0.026 for the whole population. In addition, the inbreeding coefficient of each generation subpopulation initially increased and then decreased. In the pedigree of the whole conserved population, the error rate of paternal information was more than 11.35% while the maternal information was more than 2.13%. Conclusion: This molecular study of the population genetic structure of Liangshan pig showed loss of genetic diversity during the closed cross-generation reproduction process. It is necessary to improve the mating plan or introduce new outside blood to ensure long-term preservation of Liangshan pig.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.65-73
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to cornpare the differences in clinical competence, knowledge of patient safety management and confidence of patient safety management according to the clinical practice experience of nursing students, Of the 73 nursing students who experienced clinical practice and 35 nursing students who did not experience, a total of 108 students in the third grade were analyzed, In the results of this study, clinical competence(t=.88, p=.377) knowledge of patient safety management(t=-.29, p=.773), and confidence of patient safety management(t=1.11, p=.267) the difference between was not statistically significant in the two groups. In the two groups, the score of the sub-area according to each variable is the lowest. First, the sub-area of the nursing process a lowest score in clinical competence, and the second, the sub-area of measuring knowledge about concept of near miss was the Knowledge of patient safety management. The score was the lowest in, and thirdly, the sub-area of writing an incident report when an error occurred had the lowest score in confidence of patient safety management. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of clinical competence of nursing students, it is necessary to develop a strategic educational guideline to improve the clinical practice education environment, to improve patient safety management capabilities and to cultivate correct attitudes toward patient safety management.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.41-50
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• 2020

Since cracks in concrete structures expedite corrosion of reinforced concrete over a long period of time, regular on-site inspections are essential to ensure structural usability and prevent degradation. Most of the safety inspections of facilities rely on visual inspection with naked eye, so cost and time consuming are severe, and the reliability of results differs depending on the inspector. In this study, a portable measuring device that can be used for safety diagnosis and maintenance was developed as a device that measures the width and length of concrete cracks through image analysis of cracks photographed with a camera. This device captures the cracks found within a close distance (3 m), and accurately calculates the unit pixel size by laser distance measurement, and automatically calculates the crack length and width with the image processing algorithm developed in this study. In measurement results using the crack image applied to the experiment, the measurement of the length of a 0.3 mm crack within a distance of 3 m was possible with a range of about 10% error. The crack width showed a tendency to be overestimated by detecting surrounding pixels due to vibration and blurring effect during the binarization process, but it could be effectively corrected by applying the crack width reduction function.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.379-400
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• 2021

This study aims to analyze the trend of library use according to the expansion of public library infrastructure in Korea, and to search for new roles and services of libraries based on the results of the study. Using the statistical analysis, literature review and partially interview method, the number of borrowers and loans from 2009 to 2019 were analyzed. The result of the survey reveals that the number of public libraries increased by 61.3% during the survey period, while the number of borrowers decreased by 57.5%, and the number of book loans increased only by 18.2%. The result of the analysis claims that the causes of the decrease in the number of materials borrowers were an error in the process of inputting statistics and manipulating the number of book loans by the local library. The population of children and young adults decreased during the survey period, which led to a decrease in the number of children and young adult borrowers. The result of the study reveals that the increase in the use of public libraries in Korea, like other advanced countries, is stagnant. The following new roles and services are suggested for the development of public libraries: Libraries expand non-face-to-face services and electronic resources, and promote their use. Libraries expand cultural and lifelong learning programs further.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.227-238
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• 2022

This study is the case of non-face-to-face teaching-learning in the subject of "Research and Guidance on Early Childhood Materials" in the pre-child teacher training program. The study conducted a non-face-to-face teaching-learning model for 18 students at B University in region C who took lectures on 'Research and Guidance on Early Childhood Materials' in the first semester of 2021. As a non-face-to-face teaching-learning model, it consisted of video lectures, real-time zoom classes, and various forms of 'communication' through frequent feedback and interaction and 'participation'. As a teaching-learning strategy for the participation of pre-service early childhood teachers, comment on questions related to early childhood materials, in-depth reflection on early childhood materials through writing reflective journals and observation reports, and step-by-step presentation of making childhood materials plans, processes, and results were carried out. As a result of exploring the experience of making early childhood materials for pre-service early childhood teachers, factors such as "growth experience through trial and error," "thinking from child's point of view", "Increase efficiency and reduce burden through communication", "Process rather than result" and "The importance of communication and interaction in non-face-to-face classes"

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.289-296
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the inter-correlation between crude oil prices and Dry Bulk Freight rates. Eco-friendly shipping fuels has being actively developed to reduce carbon emission. However, carbon neutrality will take longer than anticipated in terms of the present development process. Because of OVID-19 and the Russian invasion of Ukraine, crude oil price fluctuation has been exacerbated. So we must examine the impact on Dry Bulk Freight rates the oil prices have had, because oil prices play a major role in shipping fuels. By using the VAR (Vector Autoregressive) model with monthly data of crude oil prices (Brent, Dubai and WTI) and Dry Bulk Freight rates (BDI, BCI and (BP I) 2008.10~2022.02, the empirical analysis documents that the oil prices have an impact on Dry bulk Freight rates. From the analysis of the forecast error variance decomposition, WTI has the largest explanatory relationship with the BDI and Dubai ranks seoond, Brent ranks third. In conclusion, WTI and Dubai have the largest impact on the BDI, while there are some differences according to the ship-type.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.245-251
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• 2022

Educational reform in Ukraine encourages the use of multimedia technologies in the training of specialists in Physical Education and Sports, which is one of the promising directions of education development. Therefore, the article specifies the content of the terms "innovation" and "technology". For modern society, the introduction of multimedia technologies in education is not so much theoretical as pragmatic, since under condition of globalization it concerns its historical development and prospects associated with the so-called "high technologies".Our goal is to improve the training of Physical Education and Sports specialists by means of multimedia technologies. All of innovative technologies can be divided into four groups, depending on the appropriate form of educational activity for their use. The development of multimedia technologies in the training of specialists in Physical Education and Sport at the present stage of education development should be carried out in accordance with the criteria of manufacturability, which are presented in the article: scientism, to rely on the theoretical provisions of pedagogical science and methods of teaching the discipline, socially recognized educational goals, prospects for modernization of Education; consistency, which provides for the interaction of parts and the whole in the organization of the study environment, as a result of which the physical development of the young generation is an integral entity; guarantee, that is, the error between the planned and obtained results should be minimal; manageability, that is, full management of the stages of work of the teacher and students, which make up the completed cycle of actions; mass participation, for the purpose of applying the technology does not depend on the physical training of students, the pedagogical skill of the teacher and the type of educational institutions. The article presents the theory and method of organizing sports events and circuses in the training of specialists in Physical Education and Sports by means of multimedia technologies. In order to increase the level of physical development of a person, physical fitness and the state of health of students, which has a clear trend to constant deterioration, it is necessary to instill love for sports, carry out high-quality training and organize sports events using multimedia technologies. In the process of sports activities, the participants' mental education is carried out. There are two types of communication here: direct and indirect, which are described in the article.In games and sports competitions, there are many opportunities for forming rules of collective behavior. The main issues of the organization of sports activities by means of multimedia technologies have been clarified. During sports competitions, the tasks presented in Physical Education and sports classes are improved, which ensure the improvement of physical and theoretical training of the individual. The pleasure of sports, bright, emotional spectacles, confirmed by multimedia technologies, arises from the participation of the viewer in them.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.273-281
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• 2022

In order to understand the solidification behavior and microstructural evolution of the Al-Cu-Si ternary eutectic alloy system, changes of the microstructure of the Al-Cu-Si ternary eutectic alloy with different cooling rates were investigated. When the mold preheating temperature is 500℃, primary Si and Al2Cu dendrites are observed, with (α-Al+Al2Cu) binary eutectic and needle-shaped Si subsequently observed. In addition, even when the mold preheating temperature is 300℃, primary Si and Al2Cu dendrites can be observed, and both (α-Al+Al2Cu+Si) areas observed and areas not observed earlier appear. When the mold preheating temperature is 150℃, bimodal structures of the binary eutectic (α-Al+Al2Cu) and ternary eutectic (α-Al+Al2Cu+Si) are observed. When the preheating temperature of the mold is changed to 500℃, 300℃, and 150℃, the greatest change is in the Si phase, and upon reaching the critical cooling rate, the ternary eutectic of (α-Al+Al2Cu+Si) forms. If the growth of the Si phase is suppressed upon the formation of (α-Al+Al2Cu+Si), the growth of both Al and Cu is also suppressed by a cooperative growth mechanism. As a result of analyzing the Al-27wt%Cu-5wt%Si ternary eutectic alloy with a different alloy design simulation programs, it was confirmed that different results arose depending on the program. A computer simulation of the alloy design is a useful tool to reduce the trial and error process in alloy design, but this effort must be accompanied by a task that increases reliability and allows a comparison to microstructural results derived through actual casting.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.51-72
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to explain the types and causes of errors in zoning data that occur in the topographic map notification procedure, and to prepare a data maintenance plan. In Korea, like the United States, law-based land use regulation is dominant. In other words, according to the land use regulation method in the Act, the government designates zoning for all lots in the country, and landowners check the land use regulations of their land through the Korea Land use Information System. The land use plan confirmation document is important land information that affects the results of administrative dispositions such as land transactions between individuals or permission for development activities. However, there are data errors that occur during the current topographic map notification procedure and data construction process. Therefore, four local governments that can verify data by type were selected in consideration of local government conditions. A number of errors are first, errors in data construction and management in the Korea Land use Information System, and second, errors in lack of expertise that occur while the local government officials maintain data. Third, it was analyzed as an error from the relationship between the serial cadastral map and the zoning DB. Based on the above results, it is hoped that the results of this study will be reflected in the establishment of the KLIP and the reform of the legal system, which is currently underway after the establishment of the 「3rd the Korea Land use Information System Construction Plan」.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.175-183
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• 2022

The collision between a ship and bridge across a waterway may result in extremely serious consequences that may endanger the safety of life and property. Therefore, factors affecting ship bridge collision must be investigated, and the impact force should be discussed based on various collision conditions. In this study, a finite element model of ship bridge collision is established, and the peak impact force of a ship bridge collision based on 50 operating conditions combined with three input parameters, i.e., ship loading condition, ship speed, and ship bridge collision angle, is calculated via numerical simulation. Using neural network models trained with the numerical simulation results, the prediction model of the peak impact force of ship bridge collision involving an extremely short calculation time on the order of milliseconds is established. The neural network models used in this study are the basic backpropagation neural network model and Elman neural network model, which can manage temporal information. The accuracy of the neural network models is verified using 10 test samples based on the operating conditions. Results of a verification test show that the Elman neural network model performs better than the backpropagation neural network model, with a mean relative error of 4.566% and relative errors of less than 5% in 8 among 10 test cases. The trained neural network can yield a reliable ship bridge collision force instantaneously only when the required parameters are specified and a nonlinear finite element solution process is not required. The proposed model can be used to predict whether a catastrophic collision will occur during ship navigation, and thus hence the safety of crew operating the ship.