• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.56-60
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• 2006

Based on the fact that audio signals in the time domain have the generalized Gaussian distribution. an optimal parameter estimation of the ML (maximum likelihood) test based audio watermark decoder. which leads to the minimal bit error rate, is Proposed. Its superiority of performance over the existing estimation and the conventional correlation based decoder is demonstrated experimentally.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.727-736
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• 2024

Telecommunications through an electrically conductive medium require the use of carrier bands with very-low and ultralow frequencies to establish radiofrequency links in harsh environments. Recent advances in atomic magnetometers operating at very-low frequencies have facilitated the reception of digitally modulated signals. We demonstrate the transmission and reception of quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) signals using a multi-resonant loop antenna and atomic magnetometer, respectively. We report the measured error vector magnitude according to the symbol rate for QPSK modulation and analyze the bandwidth of a receiver based on the atomic magnetometer. The multi-resonant loop antenna noticeably enhances the bandwidth by over 70% compared with a single-loop antenna. QPSK modulation for a carrier frequency of 20 kHz and symbol rate of 150 symbols per second verifies the feasibility of demodulation, and the measured error vector magnitude and signal-to-noise ratio are 7.29% and 30.9 dB, respectively.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.187-188
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• 2008

주기적으로 제어 성능을 평가하고, 평가 결과에 따라서 제어시스템의 제어기 상수를 최적화하거나 제어 밸브와 같은 제어기기의 문제점들을 사전에 개선하고자하는 노력이 있어왔다. 제어성능 평가방법은 제어목표 값에 대한 추종성을 평가하는 Set Point Analysis 방법을 주로 사용한다. 평가 지표는 Integral Absolute Error(IAE)와 같은 Error Integral 값과 Minimum Variance 방법이 실용적으로 사용된다. 본 논문에서는 평가 대상시스템으로 원자력발전소의 수위 제어시스템중 하나를 선정하고 Control Performance Assessment를 수행하였다. 이를 기반으로 대상 시스템의 제어모델링을 바탕으로 한 Minimum Integral Error를 만족하는 제어기 상수를 구하였으며 새로운 상수를 제어기에 설정한 후 다시 성능을 평가하였다. 평가 결과, 제어시스템의 제어 성능 평가 지표를 사용한 제어 루프의 평가와 예방 조치가 실제적으로 발전소의 안정적 운전에 유용하다는 것을 입증하였다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.29 no.2 s.233
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• pp.277-283
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• 2005

Kriging model is widely used as design analysis and computer experiment (DACE) model in the field of engineering design to accomplish computationally feasible design optimization. In general, kriging model has been applied to many engineering applications as an interpolation model because it is usually constructed from deterministic simulation responses. However, when the responses include not only global nonlinearity but also numerical error, it is not suitable to use Kriging model that can distort global behavior. In this research, generalized kriging model that can represent both interpolation and regression is proposed. The performances of generalized kriging model are compared with those of interpolating kriging model for numerical function with error of normal distribution type and trigonometric function type. As an application of the proposed approach, the response of a simple dynamic model with numerical integration error is predicted based on sampling data. It is verified that the generalized kriging model can predict a noisy response without distortion of its global behavior. In addition, the influences of maximum likelihood estimation to prediction performance are discussed for the dynamic model.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.562-574
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• 2020

Quadrature spatial modulation (QSM) utilizes the in-phase and quadrature spatial dimensions to transmit the real and imaginary parts of a single signal symbol, respectively. The improved QSM (IQSM) transmits two signal symbols per channel use through a combination of two antennas for each of the real and imaginary parts. The main contributions of this study can be summarized as follows. First, we derive an upper bound for the error performance of the IQSM. We then design constellation sets that minimize the error performance of the IQSM for several system configurations. Second, we propose a double QSM (DQSM) that transmits the real and imaginary parts of two signal symbols through any available transmit antennas. Finally, we propose a parallel IQSM (PIQSM) that splits the antenna set into equal subsets and performs IQSM within each subset using the same two signal symbols. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed constellations significantly outperform conventional constellations. Additionally, DQSM and PIQSM provide a performance similar to that of IQSM while requiring a smaller number of transmit antennas and outperform IQSM with the same number of transmit antennas.

• Near Infrared Analysis
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2000

A convenient algorithm for optimizing wavelength selection in multiple linear regression (MLR) has been developed. MOP (MLP Optimization Program) has been developed to test all possible MLR calibration models in a given spectral range and finally find an optimal MLR model with external validation capability. MOP generates all calibration models from all possible combinations of wavelength, and simultaneously calculates SEC (Standard Error of Calibration) and SEV (Standard Error of Validation) by predicting samples in a validation data set. Finally, with determined SEC and SEV, it calculates another parameter called SAD (Sum of SEC, SEV, and Absolute Difference between SEC and SEV: sum(SEC+SEV+Abs(SEC-SEV)). SAD is an useful parameter to find an optimal calibration model without over-fitting by simultaneously evaluating SEC, SEV, and difference of error between calibration and validation. The calibration model corresponding to the smallest SAD value is chosen as an optimum because the errors in both calibration and validation are minimal as well as similar in scale. To evaluate the capability of MOP, the determination of benzene content in unleaded gasoline has been examined. MOP successfully found the optimal calibration model and showed the better calibration and independent prediction performance compared to conventional MLR calibration.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.1027-1035
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• 2000

In this paper, we have proposed the optimum technique for wireless ATM (WATM) error control in indoor environment. As the optimum technique, the conventional concatenated FEC only is regarded as the efficient error control method for time-critical ATM traffic in AWGN, and the pilot symbol-added fading compensation with the concatenated FEC is required to optimize the WATM performance in fading environment. Also, the truncated Type- H hybrid ARQ technique will be developed for quality-critical ATM traffic in order to improve its throughput. Therefore, this paper presents the optimization of WATM performance in indoor environment by means of evaluating above techniques using theoretical analysis and simulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.681-684
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• 2008

Bluetooth baseband performs FEC (forward error check) at the interface of transmitter and receiver modem. Well-designed FEC means directly the efficiency of retransmission of the data payload therefore design optimization is very important. In this paper, we designed a optimal 1/3, 2/3 type of FEC. 1/3 FEC. which performs 3 times customary repetition was designed for packet header, and 2/3 FEC was designed for data packets with (15, 10) reduced hamming code. The proposed hardware FEC block was described and verified using Verilog HDL and later to be automatically synthesized. The synthesized FEC block operated at 40Mhz normal clock speed of the target baseband microcontroller.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.158-163
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• 2008

In inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging, An ISAR autofocusing algorithm is essential to obtain well-focused ISAR images. Traditional methods have relied on the approximation that the phase error due to target motion is a function of the cross-range dimension only. However, in the stepped-frequency radar system, it tends to become a two-dimensional function of both down-range and cross-range, especially when target's movement is very fast and the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) is low. In order to remove the phase error along down-range, this paper proposes a method called SAEM (subarray averaging and entropy minimization) [1] that uses a subarray averaging concept in conjunction with the entropy cost function in order to find target motion parameters, and a novel 2-D optimization technique with the inherent properties of the proposed entropy-based cost function. A well-focused ISAR image can be obtained from the combination of the proposed method and a traditional autofocus algorithm that removes the phase error along the cross-range dimension. The effectiveness of this method is illustrated and analyzed with simulated targets comprised of point scatters.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 2011

As high precision industries such as semiconductor, TFT-LCD manufacturing and MEMS continue to grow, the demand for higher DOF precision stages has been increasing. In general, the stages should accommodate a prescribed range of payloads in order to position various precision manufacturing/inspection instruments. Therefore a nonlinear controller using sliding motion is developed, which bears mass perturbation and makes the upper plate of the stage move in 6 DOF. For the application of the nonlinear control, an observer is also developed based on expected noise covariance. To eliminate the steady state error of step response, integral terms are inserted into the state-space model. The linear term of the controller is designed using optimization scheme in which parameters can be weighted according to their physical significance, whereas the nonlinear term of the controller is designed using trial and error method. A comprehensive simulation study proves that the designed controller is robust against mass perturbation and completely eliminates steady state errors.