• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2014

Structurally, herboxidiene contains the tetrahydropyran acetic acid moiety and a side chain including a conjugated diene, and has been isolated from Streptomyces chromofuscus ATCC 49982. Its production was significantly elevated nearly 13.5-fold (0.74 g/l) in a medium supplemented with glycerol (medium No. 6A6), and was more efficacious (1.08 g/l; 19.8-fold) in fed-batch fermentation at 36 h in medium No. 6A6, from Streptomyces chromofuscus. For further enhancement, regulatory genes metK1-sp and afsR-sp from Streptomyces peucetius were overexpressed using an expression vector, pIBR25, and similarly ACCase from Streptomyces coelicolor and two genes, metK1-sp and afsR-sp, were also overexpressed using an integration vector, pSET152, under the control of the strong $ermE^*$ promoter in Streptomyces chromofuscus. Only the recombinant strains S. chromofuscus SIBR, S. chromofuscus GIBR, and S. chromofuscus AFS produced more herboxidiene than the parental strain in optimized medium No. 6A6 with an increment of 1.32-fold (0.976 g/l), 3.85-fold (2.849 g/l), and 1.7-fold(1.258 g/l) respectively.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.8
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• pp.175-197
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• 2003

Die vorligende Arbeit behandelt die Probleme der $Koh\"{a}renz$ und Interpretation von van de Velde unter einigen Gesichtspunkten, welche mit der Frage $zusammenh\"{a}ngen$: Wie wird Sprachverstehen $erm\"{o}glicht$? Nach van de Velde besteht der wissen­schaftliche Zugang zu den Sprachverstehensprozessen und Interpretationsstrategien darin, dass man Erkenntnisse $\"{u}ber$ ihre bedingenden Faktoren gewinnt Seine Arbeit versucht diese bedingenden Faktoren in folgenden Gegebenheiten aufzufinden: 1) in den innersprachlichen Gegebenheiten, 2) in den $Referenzzusammenh\"{a}ngen$, auf die sich innersprachliche Gegebenheiten beziehen, 3) in den Handlungskontexten, in denen die verwendeten Sprachgegebenheiten ihre Funktionen haben, 4) in den zwischenmenschlichen $Kormnunikationsrahmenverh\"{a}lnissen$, 5) in den kognitiven Prozessen des Sprachrezipienten, in der neuro(psycho)logischen Ausstattung des Sprachbenutzers. Genau gesagt, bleiben die folgenden Fragen trotzdem immer nur offen: 1) Kann jede Ebene $f\"{u}r$ die $Koh\"{a}renz$ bei van de Velde in der Wirklichkeit schon da sein? 2) Sind die Wertigkeiten jeder Ebenen gleich? 3) Muss die $Koh\"{a}renz$ zwischen Inferenz und Verstehen sein? 4) Gibt es irgendeine Einheitstheorie, solche $interdisziplin\"{a}re$ Faktoren zu beherrschen?

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.49-72
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• 2005

This study aims to analyze the structures of electronic records classification and suggest managing requirements for electronic folder as basic entity for ERM. This present study begins with analyzing the various types of electronic folders based on the Requirements for Electronic Records Management Systems: Functional Requirements of U.K. It designs some examples of classification structures for clarifying the meaning of the electronic folders, components and markers. Finally, it analyses some implications for korean environments including application of electronic folder concept, principles of folder open and closure, and introduction of electronic part entity for efficient folder management.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.145-170
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• 2007

Unlike paper records, accessing electronic records needs to be supported by specific combination of hardware and software. The electronic records have longer life span than the storage media, hardware, software and the formats that were used for the production of such records. Because the quality of electronic record can become deteriorated as time goes on, we need to have appropriate mechanisms to secure the long-term preservation and access to the digital information at a certain point in the future. Based on this reality, this study proposes the functions and the development method of the format registry, which efficiently supports the preservation strategy such as migration and emulation, collecting and managing technical information elements. These elements consist of the foundation of the long-term preservation of the electronic records.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.3
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• pp.57-74
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• 2001

Kommunikation macht 'gemeinschaftlich'. Sie erscheint v.a. als verbale, d.h. als lautliche und davon abgeleitete Sprache. Lautliche Sprache wird artikulatorisch produziert, akustisch transportiert und auditiv wahrgenommen. Was auch immer ein Mensch einem anderen mitteilen mag, wird ein geringer Teil seiner Botschaft durch Sprache kommuniziert. Neben den akustisch vermittelten Signalen $k\"{o}nnen$ auch nicht-vokale, visuell wahmehmbare Verhaltensweisen eines Interaktanden $f\"{u}r$ einen Beobachter Kommunikationswert annehmen. Der $Kommuni-kationsproze{\ss}$ wird nicht nur durch Senden und Empfangen von akustischen Signalen konstituiert, sondern auch auf der optischen Ebene der gegenseitigen Wahmehmung etabliert. Deshalb sagt man, es sei unmoglich, nicht zu kommunizieren. Denn nicht nur Worte sind das Material jeglicher Kommunikation, sondern auch alle paralinguistischen Phanomene (wie z.B. Tonfall, Schnelligkeit oder Langsarnkeit der Sprache, Pausen, Lachen und Seufzen usw.), $K\"{o}rferhaltung$ usw. In der vorligenden Arbeit bin ich darauf eingegangen, wie die Blickrichtungen einer Person von einem $Gegen\"{u}ber$ sowie einem unbeteiligten Beobachter beurteilt werden. Dabei habe ich versucht zu $erl\"{a}utern$, welche Ursache und Bedeutung das Blickverhalten in der sozialen Interaktion hat. Und mit der Frage, wie dieses Verhalten wahrzunehmen und zu interpretieren ist, habe ich mich $besch\"{a}ftigt$. Die indikative Funtion des Blickverhaltens durch Zu- oder Abwenden des Blickes wurde dabei festgestellt. 'Die Sprache der Augen', 'die Kommunikation mit Augen' scheint eine Vielzahl von Mitteilungen an den sozialen Partnern zu $erm\"{o}glichen$. Die Bedeutung der einzelnen Blicken sind interkulturell verschieden, die Blickverhalten sind teils angeboren, oder sie $m\"{u}ssen$ gelemt werden.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.117-129
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• 2015

For the continuous growth of firms, the contributions of effective risk management system are required. This research analyzes the impact on the firm's performance related to risk management structure which includes the risk management system, risk management activity and risk management competency. In this research, the structural equation model considering the variable which contains enterprise risk management system, risk management activity and risk management competency was suggested. Also risk management organization and management procedures are identified as in enterprise risk management system. The implementation activity and control activity were the factors related in risk management activity. And risk management competency can be described as the response level of managing risk in outside and inside the firms' environment. Finally this model was analysed empirically for 112 firms in Korea using SPSS 18.0 and Amos 16.0. As the results, the suggested hypothesis were adopted. So as to manage risk performance for their firms, the development of systematic Risk Management Framework is important for their risk management activity and risk management competency. Ultimately, we can conclude that the focusing to the systematic risk management approach could be effective on the firm's risk management performance.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.343-348
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• 2018

Recent human genetic studies have shown that $G{\beta}5$ is related to various clinical symptoms, such as sinus bradycardia, cognitive disability, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Although the calcium signaling cascade is closely associated with a heterotrimeric G-protein, the function of $G{\beta}5$ in calcium signaling and its relevance to clinical symptoms remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the in vitro changes of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) with exogenous expression of $G{\beta}5$. The cells expressing $G{\beta}5$ had enhanced SOCE after depletion of calcium ion inside the endoplasmic reticulum. $G{\beta}5$ also augmented Stim1- and Orai1-dependent SOCE. An ORAI1 loss-of-function mutant did not show inhibition of $G{\beta}5$-induced SOCE, and a STIM1-ERM truncation mutant showed no enhancement of SOCE. These results suggested a novel role of GNB5 and Stim1, and provided insight into the regulatory mechanism of SOCE.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.158-170
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• 2018

Objectives: The objective of this study is Korean mistletoe lectin (Viscum album coloratum agglutinin, VCA) and bee venom (BV) to experimental prove comparative study of VCA and BV on the anti-cancer effect and mechanisms of action. Methods: In this study, it was examined in a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, Hep G2 cells. Cytotoxic effects of VCA and BV on Hep G2 cells were determined by 3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in vitro. VCA and BV killed Hep G2 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Results: The apoptotic cell death was then confirmed by propidium iodide staining and DNA fragmentation analysis. The mechanisms of action was examined by the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Treatment of Hep G2 cells with VCA activated poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) known as a marker of apoptosis, and mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathways including SAPK/JNK, MAPK and p38. BV also activated PARP-1, MAPK, p38 but not JNK. The expression level of anti-apoptotic molecule, Bcl-X, was decreased by VCA treatment but not BV. Finally, the phosphorylation level of ERM proteins involved in the cytoskeleton homeostasis was decreased by both stimuli. Conclusion: We examined the involvement of kinase in VCA or BV - induced apoptosis by using kinase inhibitors. VCA-induced apoptosis was partially inhibited by in the presence.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.339-352
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• 2021

This study aims to explore the relationship between entrepreneurial role models (ERM) and entrepreneurship education (EE) on individual entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and its consequences for entrepreneurial intention (EI). Data is obtained through a survey method on 255 management and business university students who had completed the entrepreneurship education program. To evaluate the research model, the data is processed using PLS-SEM. The results of this study indicate that the existence of entrepreneurial role models and entrepreneurial education programs for students affects the components of individual entrepreneurial orientation, namely individual innovativeness, individual proactiveness, and individual risk-taker. However, ERMs do not have a direct effect on EI. The main finding of this research appears on the influence of individual EO on EI, which indicates that only individual innovativeness impacts entrepreneurial intention. Meanwhile, personal proactiveness and risk-takers are proven to have no impact on EI. This study succeeded in filling the research gap, namely, examining the influence of ERMs on each of the components forming an individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) and its EI. This research model also provides a comprehensive research model on the influence of pre-entrepreneurial exposure on IEO and its consequences on EI.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.727-733
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• 2014

Spinosyns A and D are potent ingredient for insect control with exceptional safety to non-target organisms. It consists of a 21-carbon tetracyclic lactone with forosamine and tri-Omethylated rhamnose which are derived from S-adenosyl-methionine. Although previous studies have revealed the involvement of metK1 (S-adenosylmethionine synthetase), rmbA (glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase), and rmbB (TDP-D-glucose-4, 6-dehydratase) in the biosynthesis of spinosad, expression of these genes into rational screened Saccharopolyspora spinosa (S. spinosa MUV) has not been elucidated till date. In the present study, S. spinosa MUV was developed to utilize for metabolic engineering. The yield of spinosyns A and D in S. spinosa MUV was $244mgL^{-1}$ and $129mgL^{-1}$, which was 4.88-fold and 4.77-fold higher than that in the wild-type ($50mgL^{-1}$ and $27mgL^{-1}$), respectively. To achieve the better production; positive regulator metK1-sp, rmbA and rmbB genes from Streptomyces peucetius, were expressed and co-expressed in S. spinosa MUV under the control of strong $ermE^*$ promoter, using an integration vector pSET152 and expression vector pIBR25, respectively. Here-with, the genetically engineered strain of S. spinosa MUV, produce spinosyns A and D up to $372/217mgL^{-1}$ that is 7.44/8.03-fold greater than that of wild type. This result demonstrates the use of metabolic engineering on rationally developed high producing natural variants for the production.