• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.41-48
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• 1993

In order to provide design concept and guidelines for the user interface of MIDAS$^{TM}$(Medical Image Display and Archiving System), a questionnire survey and empirical study were conducted. User and task requirements were analyzed based upon usrvey results. The empirical study was done on the 1.0 version of MIDAS to find out the influence of user charactenistics (i.e.job, experiences, etc.) and UI design factors(i.e. layout, wording, procedures) on various usability measures(i.e. performance, satisfaction). To perform empinical tests, eight task scenarios were selected and user interactions were recorderded using an auto-logging software. The results show that the doctor group requires more learning time. Also, eight types of user errors such as commision, omission, repeat were identified and the causes of the errors were analyzed related to UI design factors. UI design guidelines were suggested for a new version of medical image filing system.m.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.288-291
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• 2011

Recommendations for older driver-friendly automobile interior design have been determined by taking into account older people's physical and cognitive characteristics. Twenty three older people (aged from 54 to 78) and five younger people (from 20 to 29) performed several tasks in actual driving conditions, in which their reaction times and performance errors were recorded. Some design factors were found to be related to older drivers' visibility and controllability. Several design recommendations were proposed in terms of cluster color and font, display location, and HVAC control type. Proposed recommendations are expected to satisfy a wider range of older drivers as these will facilitate automobile interior designs which are fitter to older drivers' visual, cognitive, and manual capabilities.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.157-167
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• 2003

More and more many people show a keen interest in the ergonomics application car. One of the recent trends of cockpit development is to integrate fore part of whole cockpit and compartment. The goal of this study is to develop and Analysis of User's Convenience a cockpit prototype based on the design guide of cockpit integration module. The process of this study has been followed analyzing development trend of next generation Automotive cockpit, extracting the design factor needed to making integration module and laying down the design guide of cockpit integration module. Finally, this study is indicate an instance that evaluation of utilization with Integrated Automotive Cockpit Module System.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.281-292
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• 2017

Objective: This study aims to identify important physical design variables in designing a necklace type wearable device, and to present design guidelines to maximize comfort that a user feels upon wearing the device. Background: Interests in fitness culture and personal health are on the rise recently. In such a situation, demand for necklace type wearable devices is projected to increase a lot, as the devices enable users to use their hands freely and to enjoy various contents through connection with mobile devices. However, the necklace type wearable device's comfort was assessed to have the lowest comfort in a running situation, where human body moves up and down and left and right more than other devices wearable on other human body parts. Therefore, the usability of a necklace type wearable device was low. In this regard, studies on identification of the variables affecting user comfort upon wearing a necklace type wearable device and on physical design direction maximizing comfort and usability are needed. Method: A pretest and a main test were carried out to draw the direction of necklace type wearable device design. In the pretest, wearing evaluation on the diverse types of devices released in the market was conducted to draw physical design variables of the devices affecting comfort. Furthermore, variables significantly affecting the comfort of a device were selected through an analysis of variance (ANOVA). In the main test, anthropometry was performed, and information on anthropometric items corresponding to the design variables selected in the pretest was acquired. Based on the pretest results and the anthropometric information in the main test, the present study produced design guidelines maximizing the comfort of a necklace type wearable device with regard to major design variables upon dynamic tasks. Results: According to the pretest results, the variables having effects on comfort were the angle of side points, width, and height. Due to interactions between variables, those need to be simultaneously considered upon designing a device. Upon dynamic tasks, the angle of side points and width of a device was designed to be smaller than mean angle of the trapezius muscle and neck width, and thus attachment to human body was high. As height was designed to be larger than mean neck front and rear point width, comfort was higher due to feeling of stability. Conclusion: Because user sensitivity to comfort was high at human body's inflection points, a device needs to be designed for users not to feel high pressure on specific body parts with the device fitting human body shape well. A design considering user's situation is also required in further studies.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.33-46
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• 2002

The present times is rapidly growing and changing. As both an industry and a social legislation are running after a generality, relatively the number of people who are out of it is gradually increasing. Those people are getting skeptical about their positions as well as their existences, so that a social deviant phenomenon has been continuously arising by themselves in public and private area. It is the Vandalism . People are often exposed to this Vandalism which is occurring around their life. Accordingly this study analyzed cause-and-effect Vandalism. As a means of impediment against the progressing Vandalism in design process, the study as been developed by approaching to an ergonomics design, a simple shape design (minimalism), a semantic design, a re-useful design. As a result, it comes to the fact that the Vandalism from the view of design is caused by a lack of ergonomics and user-interface, a failure of simple structure, a complication of excessive functions. Furthermore, it comes to the conclusion that industrial design is playing an important role in the contribution of social development, to create a design obstructing the vandalism will bring development of sound society.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.87-92
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• 2007

KTX (Korea Train eXpress) is launched as the $5^{th}$ develop a ride-comfort model for high-speed rail pasengers using structural equation model (SEM). Both qualitative and quantitative factors affecting ride-comfort were investigated, and employed to construct a comprehensive ride-comfort model. The SEM model was built with twenty measurement variables and seven latent variables for the evaluation of ride-comfort of high-speed train passenger. A total of six hundreds thirty two subjects participated in the evaluation using face-to-face survey method. As a result, the proposed SEM model model fitnes (GFI=0.93). According to the results, overall ride-comfort was significantly affected by the seat-, fatigue-, interior-related, and customer satisfaction variables such as fare. Among the engineering design variables of high-speed train, seat-related variables were identified as critical factors of the ride-comfort. It is expected that the result of this study could be useful for the enhancement of ride comfort in next generation KTX.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2007

Demand forecasting methods for a consumer product such as TV or refrigerator are widely known. However, sales forecast for a brand new product cannot be estimated using conventional forecasting methods. This study proposes a five-step procedure in forecasting a newly developed product. Step one defines functions in a High Touch product in order to estimate relative attraction of the product to consumer group. In step two, for a comparison purpose, a compatible product that is successfully penetrated into market is selected. Step three breaks a target population into many segments based on demography. Step four calculates relative attraction between the High Touch product and the compatible product. Finally, market penetration rate of the High Touch product is estimated using a bell-shaped diffusion curve of the compatible product. The process offers a method to estimate potential demand and growth pattern of the new High Touch product.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2007

Despite the widespread use of laterally wedged insoles for patients with knee osteoarthritis and medially wedged insoles for controlling rearfoot pronation, an understanding of the effects of wedged insoles was limited and sometimes controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of wedged insoles on the kinematics and kinetics of normal gait. Ten male subjects without history of lower limb disorders were recruited. Each subject performed four gait cycles under each of seven conditions; shod with 5$^{\circ}$, 8$^{\circ}$ and 15$^{\circ}$, 8$^{\circ}$ and 15$^{\circ}$ laterally wedged insoles. In order to determine statistical differences among seven conditions, the measured temporal spatial variables, angular displacements, joint moments, and ground reaction forces were compared with a one-way analysis of variance. Some significant changes induced by wedged insoles were apparent in joint moments and ground reaction forces. The medially wedged insole increased the laterally directed ground reaction force and varus moments at the ankle force and varus moments at the ankle and the knee.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

As drivers spend more time in their cars, perception of driving a vehicle turns from utilizing a transportation means into residing in a personal space or even in moving office. Such a perception renders automobile manufacturers incorporate more vehicle functions, especially in-vehicle information systems As the number of system functions increases, the complexity of control and 2 types of display menus were designed after a literature review and a market analysis. With these controls and display menus, the experiment was performed to look into the difference of driver performance and preference on the integrated vehicle control type. Finally, the study suggests the integrated vehicle control type to minimize driver's cognitive load, and to use various functions efficiently. The study also discusses the practical use of the final integrated vehicle control type.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.197-204
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the cumulative fatigue of trunk muscles and the period of recovery time during repetitive lifting and lowering task with two different frequencies(4 times/min and 6 times/ min). Eight healthy males with no prior history of LBD(low back disorders) volunteered for this study. Subjects had 2, 3, 4, and 5 minutes recovery time respectively while they were preforming the lifting and lowering task at 15% level of MVC. EMG signals from six trunk muscles were collected and the fatigue level was analyzed quantitatively. In results, the fatigue levels of LES(left elector spinae), RLD(right lattissimus dorsi), LLD(left lattissimus dorsi), RRA(right rectus abdominis) and LRA(left rectus abdominis) were recovered when 3 minutes recovery time was given at 4 times/min frequency. However, the fatgue level of RES(right elector spinae) was recovered when 4 minutes recovery was given. On the other hand, when 6 times/min frequency was used, the RLD, LLD, RRA and LRA were recovered at 5 minutes of recovery time. But for RES and LES, it took longer than 5 minutes to be recovered. This results can be applied to design the adequate length of recovery time to control the cumulative fatigue of trunk muscles in industry with repetitive lifting and lowering task.