• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.551-562
• /
• 2011

Objective: We proposed an effective 3D menu manipulation alternative with a usability test. This was performed in a 3D environment with 3D menu and control manipulation methods. Background: As 3D stereoscopic displays became generalized, various 3D applications were being used not just movies, games, but also mobile contents and advertisements. However, when a user interface was designed in a 3D environment, it was lacked that a clear standard and result of an efficiency and usability as like a 2D environment. Method: We implemented 9 kinds of 3D menu types based on 3D menu hierarchies, menu layouts and dimensions. And we extracted 3 representative control types in a 3D environment. We performed usability evaluation with full factorial design for 27 menu alternatives with 2 types of menu manipulation tasks. In this condition, we measured the performance time, subjective discomfort and eye-fatigue. Results: A control type had the significant effect, and the effect of menu types had the different result depending on given tasks. Conclusion: This experiment showed the interaction of menu and control types depended on 3D menu manipulation tasks were significant in a 3D user interface design. Therefore, as a purpose of a 3D menu manipulation task, 3D menu types and control types were should be considered. Application: We supposed this result was should be applied in a 3D menu contents design.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.24 no.6 s.92
• /
• pp.119-127
• /
• 2006

Recently. there are demanding a better sidewalk environment considering side of psychic as well as physical factors as the rapid growth of cities and improvement of traffic consciousness. Also. it needs to give a better sidewalk environment because those pedestrians evade a sidewalk space with minimum Physical design standards. So. we think very important that get a grip what makes Pedestrian feel a comfort and amenity in sidewalk above all. In this study, we carried out a cognition experiment of sidewalk environment on considering the human's psychic with Sensibility Ergonomics and the survey method using SD (Semantic Differential) scale. And we made a recognition evaluation model of sidewalk landscape and sensibility recognition model of sidewalk design factors using LISREL model that analysis sensibility recognition of sensibility adjective by SD scale. In results, we found out a possibility of the design with comfort and amenity in sidewalk environment as considering Sensibility Ergonomics, and an importance of harmonious green environment as a roadside tree etc. above all.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2016

Objective: This study aimed to find good design for summer functional farm shoes under the agricultural environment and working characteristics, which can help safe farm work and further promote the efficiency of working. Background: Most accidents at farms were overturn accidents caused by slipping or falling, and it was found that the main factors which caused the overturn accidents were inappropriate work shoes for the working conditions. These inappropriate work shoes often cause overturn accidents in the rural areas with steep paths. Method: A survey on work shoes was conducted with 174 farmers, and the outcome of this survey was used to find problems of work shoes and improvement ideas for the design of work shoes which can be used at farms. Results: Regarding the form of farm shoes, the ankle height was set at 6 inches to prevent the bending of the ankle and the inflow of foreign substances. The size and groove of the pattern of the outsole were extended to prevent catching of foreign substances. In the upper part, polyurethane and cordura were used in combination to secure air permeability, which was pointed out as the reason for the discomfort during the work wearing existing work shoes. Conclusion: Since farmers felt discomfort with the shoes which they were currently wearing, this study suggested a design of farm shoes by analyzing the important matters of the work shoes in development in order to improve such discomfort. Application: This study can help develop farm shoes that would practically ease farmers' burden of working at farm worksites and keep them safe.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.175-189
• /
• 2014

Objective: The goal of this research is to develop new user behavior model using user motion analysis with microscopic perspective for attracting user's participation in interactive space. Background: The interactive space is 'human's place', which is made up of complex elements of digital virtual space and traditional analog and physical environment based on human-computer interaction system. Human behavior has changed in it at the same time. If the user couldn't make participation in interaction, the purpose of the system is not met, which reduces its effect. Therefore, we need to focus on interactive space that is potential future direction from a new point of view. Method: For this research, we would discuss and study fields of interactive space; (1) finding definition of interactive space and studying background of theory about it. (2) providing base of user behavior model with study of user's context that is to be user information and motion. (3) examining user motion, classify basic motion type and making user participation behavior model in phases. Results: Through this process, user's basic twenty motions which are systematized are taken as a standard for analysis of interaction process and participation in interactive space. Then, 'NK-$I^5$ (I Five)' model is developed for user participation types in interactive space. There are five phases of user participation behavior: Imperception, Interest, Involvement, Immersion, and Influence. In this analysis, three indicators which are time, motion types, and user relationship are found to be related to participation. Conclusion: The capabilities and limitation of this research is discussed to attract user participation. This paper focuses especially on contribution of design to lead user's participation in interactive system and expectation to help adapt to user centered design of various interactive space with new aspect of user behavior research. Application: The results of the 'NK-$I^5$ (I Five)' model might help to realize successful interactive space based on user centered design.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.109-121
• /
• 2012

This study aims at developing ergonomics patterns for the sleeve of structural firefighting protective clothing through 3D motion analysis in order to ensure efficiency and safety of firefighters who are exposed to harmful environment at work. A new research pattern was developed by applying the total results of 3D motion analysis, changes of body surface length measurements, and 2D data on 3D body shape analysis on the size 3 patterns of the existing coat sleeve. For the sleeves, we used the body surface length of the range of shoulder's flexion and the joint angle of the range of wrist's ulnar deviation. And for the production of structural firefighting protective clothing using the research pattern, we recruited a recognized producer of structural firefighting protective clothing designated by KFI. Unlike everyday clothes, structural firefighting protective clothing should be able to fully protect the wearers from the harmful environment that threatens their lives and should not cause any restrictions on their movement. Therefore, the focus of research and development of such protective clothing should be placed on consistent development of new technologies and production methods that will provide protection and comfort for the wearer rather than production cost reduction or operational efficiency. This study is meaningful as it applied 3D motion analysis instead of the existing methods to develop the patterns. In particular, since 3D motion analysis enables the measurement of the range of motion, there should be continuous research on the development of ergonomics patterns that consider workers' range of motion.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.103-113
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate an effect of the new air traffic control display designed by Ecological Interface Design [EID]. The methodology of EID has not been applied to the development of the air traffic control display so far. To design a new air traffic control display by EID, We implemented Work Domain Analysis about the air traffic control domain and made the Work Domain Model that consisted of the five levels of the Abstraction Hierarchy. We extracted the Information Requirement from the completed Work Domain Model and the extracted information requirements from the model were used to design the new air traffic control display. We evaluated an effect of the new air traffic control display designed by EID. Participants for evaluating consisted of 14 active military air traffic controller of the Republic of Korea Air Force. Experiment was designed two factors within subject. Factors manipulated in the experiment included displays type to compare the existing type with the new ecological interface type and included complexity to compare the effect of the high complex situation with the effect of the low complex situation. Response time about questions with relation to air traffic collision situation, accuracy, and subjective work load were measured. The results reveled that EID type's display has a significant effect on response time, accuracy, and subjective work load and verified that EID could be applied to the air traffic control domain that is more complex and dynamic.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.499-513
• /
• 2014

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine frame ratio of text information and font size in the circle smartwatch. Background: Recently, electronic manufacturers try to develop the original metaphor of traditional wrist watch (circle) in terms of smartwatch. They endeavor to break the square display in order to improve emotional customer satisfaction. Method: The experiments examined twenty level of text information design, combinations of four frame ratios (1:1, 4:3, 16:9, 21:9) and five font sizes (6pt, 7pt, 8pt, 9pt, 10pt). Nineteen participants volunteered for the experiment. Dependent variables were WPM (Words per Minute), reading preference, design preference and total preference. Furthermore, small circle display was made by using circle display data (1.3inch), which was exhibited in IFA (International Funkausstellung) 2014. Results: As a result, ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) revealed that WPM, and task time preference affect the specific frame ratio and font size. Results of ANOVA for reading preference, design preference, total preference were grouped by post-analysis LSD (Least Significant Difference). Among users, display ratio (16:9, 21:9), and font size (9pt) were preferred. In conclusion, 16:9 display ratio and 9pt are adaptable for text information in 1.3inch circle display. Conclusion: From the study, it is shown that 16:9 display ratio and 9pt size are more adaptable for text information in 1.3inch circle display than others. It is mainly due to the fact that the order of frame ratio and font size may affect the usability of reading long text information in a small circle display. Therefore, when developers design a circle display, the square frame ratio and font size are required to be considered according to circle size. Application: The 16:9 display ratio and 9pt font size may be utilized as a text information frame in the circle display design guideline for smartwatch.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.519-533
• /
• 2016

Objective: This study lays its aims at the definition of relevant operation method and function by researching on the value to be brought when applying smart device that can hand carry soft and flexible materials like jelly. Background: New technology and material play a role in bringing type transformation of interface and change of operation system. Recently, importance has been increased on the study of Organic User Interface (OUI) that conducts research on the value of new method of input and output adopting soft and flexible materials for various instruments. Method: For fulfillment of the study, 27 kinds of gestures have been defined that are usable in handheld device based on existing studies. Quantitative research of survey was conducted of adult male and female of 20s through 30s and an analysis was done on the function that can be linked to gestures with highest level of satisfaction. In order to analyze needs and hurdles of users for the defined gesture, a focus group interview was conducted aiming at the groups of early adopters and ordinary users. Results: As a result, it was found that users have much value regarding usability and fun for elastic device and analysis could be conducted on preferred gesture and its linkable functions. Conclusion: What is most significant with this study is that it sheds new light on the values of a device made of elastic material. Beyond finding and defining the gestures and functions that can be applied to a handheld elastic device, the present study identified the value elements of an elastic device - 'usability and 'fun' -, which users can basically desire from using it. Application: The data that this study brought forth through preference and satisfaction test with the gestures and associated functions will help commercialize an elastic device in future.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.515-523
• /
• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate users' intuitive stereotypes on non-touch gestures and establish the gesture dictionary that can be applied to gesture-based interaction designs. Background: Recently, the interaction based on non-touch gestures is emerging as an alternative for natural interactions between human and systems. However, in order for non-touch gestures to become a universe interaction method, the studies on what kinds of gestures are intuitive and effective should be prerequisite. Method: In this study, as applicable domains of non-touch gestures, four devices(i.e. TV, Audio, Computer, Car Navigation) and sixteen basic operations(i.e. power on/off, previous/next page, volume up/down, list up/down, zoom in/out, play, cancel, delete, search, mute, save) were drawn from both focus group interview and survey. Then, a user participatory design was performed. The participants were requested to design three gestures suitable to each operation in the devices, and they evaluated intuitiveness, memorability, convenience, and satisfaction of their derived gestures. Through the participatory design, agreement scores, frequencies and planning times of each distinguished gesture were measured. Results: The derived gestures were not different in terms of four devices. However, diverse but common gestures were derived in terms of kinds of operations. In special, manipulative gestures were suitable for all kinds of operations. On the contrary, semantic or descriptive gestures were proper to one-shot operations like power on/off, play, cancel or search. Conclusion: The touchless gesture dictionary was established by mapping intuitive and valuable gestures onto each operation. Application: The dictionary can be applied to interaction designs based on non-touch gestures. Moreover, it will be used as a basic reference for standardizing non-touch gestures.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.928-934
• /
• 2005

In this paper, we propose the ergonomic design method in shape design applicable for Advanced Urban Transit System. Human's sensitivity and User Interface of rolling stock investigated ergonomic studies of several type. The sensibility engineering design made approach of user center design in rolling stocks design. Therefore, we have application to properly of ergonomic design element in rolling stock design. we expert visual design and user interface help greatly in excellent rolling stock design.