• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.627-631
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• 2001

Objective : Infrared thermal image is usually utilized for the diagnotic value of verious disease. We investigated the penile temperature of erectile dysfunction patient. Methods : We mesured the thermal difference of penile infrared thermal image in erectile dysfunction patient group and control group. Results : 1. Patient group's thermal degree is lower than Control group's in Kwanwon, Left scrotum, medial part of thigh. 2. The Kwanwon's temperature is especially showed lower than other mesured point's in erectile dysfunction patient group. Conclusion : According to the above results, it could be suggested that penile infrared image help us diagnostic value of erectile dysfunction patient.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.431-436
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• 2001

Objective : Erectile dysfunction is defined as the inability to attain and maintain penile rigidity sufficient to allow sexual intercourse. Although erectile dysfunction is usually considered a benign disorder, it has a dramatic impaction quality of life of the patient as well as their sexual partners. we carried out 2 cases of erectile dysfunction patient with cerebral infarction in past history. Method : 2 patients with erectile dysfunction were included in this study. Each patient was treated with palmigihwang-tang and acupuncture. The erection was evaluated clinically by manual palpation and estimated on a 5-point scale as no response, some enlargement, full, enlargement, erection sufficient for intercourse, and full rigidity, In addition ,each patient assessed his satisfaction with the treatment using a 3-point scale as poor, fair, or good Result : 2 cases patients with erectile dysfunction was improved full rigidity by treatment of using palmigihwang-tang and acupunction. Satisfaction with the treatment was reported Good. Conclusion : Treatment of using Palmigihwang-tang and acupuncture was highly effective at producing an erection satisfaction for vaginal intercourse.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.282-286
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• 2010

Objective : The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of lumbar disc herniation surgery for low back pain on the erectile functioning. Methods : Thirty-eight patients, with age ranging from 22 to 56 years, who had presented with pain due to herniated lumbar discs were included in the study. International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Short Form questionnaire was used to evaluate the erectile functioning. Patient visits on the 1st week,1st month and 3rd month postoperatively were analyzed. Pain scores were also noted together with side effects and the complications of the surgery. Results : Of the 38 patients, 18 patients had reported erectile dysfunction; 10 patients mild and 8 patients moderate erectile dysfunction. Twenty patients did not report erectile problems. The herniation levels mostly were L5-S1 in 12 (31.6%). Overall, erectile dysfunction rates have improved in 31.7% of those previously with erectile dysfunction in a 3 month period after the surgery. Best results were obtained in those patients with mild erectile dysfunction preoperatively. Conclusion : Mild erectile dysfunction together with radiculopathy tends to improve after lumbosacral disc surgery. Moderate and severe erectile dysfunction may be related to a more severe nerve injury or to vascular and/or psychiatric factors. An evaluation of erectile functioning should routinely be performed in patients with lumbosacral disc disease both for data accumulation and for medico legal causes since the documentation of the correlation between erectile dysfunction and lumbosacral disc disease is still lacking.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.208-215
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• 1998

Ginseng has been used in maintaining physical vitality all over the East Asian countries and recently its metabolism and actions on neurologic, cardiovascular and endocrinologic systems are being elucidated. Korean red ginseng (KRG) has been used in various aliments, and to prove its efficacy icy erectile dysfunction an international study on Asians other than Korean was performed. Patients with borderline organic and psychogenic erectile dysfunction were included. KRG were given daily, and placebos were given as controls. Treatment lasted a total of 3 months. Surveys including libido, erectile potency, the sexual satisfactions were given. Serum testosterone and erectile function study were taken. Among the 23 patients with KRG, 18 patients were followed. Four had diabetes, 2 hypertension, 3 hyperchole, iterolemia, 1 low testosterone,4 psychogenic, and 4 idiopathic. In 10 patients with placebo, 7 were followed for more than three months. The clinical efficacy of KRG was 66.7% on objective Questionnaire and 72.2% on subjective analysis. When KRG were given, all parameters surveyed have shown improvements compared to the controls. Serum testosterone Bevels were normalized in 2 patients with KRG, whose serum testosterone levels were reduced from prestudy. When the erectile functions after audiovisual stimuli evaluated using Rigiscan in 6 patients with KRG,4 showed rigidity move than 70oyc. One patient reported constipation, and 2 gastric up-sets in the KRG group. In conclusion, KRG has beneficiary action on male erectile capabilities with minimal side effects. Thus KRG has been proven effective in Koreans, and a result on other Asians is pending. The exact action mechanism and the active ingredients in KRC need to be itudied.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.112-117
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• 2001

International index of erectile function (IIEF) has a high sensitivity and specificity for the evaluating treatment of erectile dysfunction. IIEF was used to evaluate on an international level the effectiveness of red ginseng on patients with erectile dysfunction and determine its possible development as a natural drug. 50 patients with erectile failure who were 20 years or older and without organic cause were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1(25 patients) received red ginseng 600mg three times a day and group 2 (25 patients) received placebo in the same fashion for 8 weeks. Each group was evaluated with IIEF at the start and end of therapy. Of the 50 patients 47 (group 1 24, group 2 23) who completed the 8 week therapy were evaluated. The mean age and symptom duration of the patients was 45.7$\pm$8.7 (27-68) and 6.2$\pm$5.6(1-29) years, respectively. Patient age, symptom duration. marriage status, marriage duration, partner age were not statistic significance between the two groups (p>0.05). Blood chemistry, urinalysis, and hormonal assay did not reveal difference between the two groups. primary efficacy (erectile rigidity and its maintenance) and all domains in secondary efficacy were significantly better after therapy in group 1 compared to those of group 2 (p<0.05) except for frequency of sexual desire, degree of sexual desire, and frequency of intercourse trial (p>0.05). Group 1 patients were significantly more satisfied after treatment compared to group 2 patients with 58.3% (14/24)and 26.1%(6/23) satisfaction rates, respectively. There were no adverse reactions or complications with ginseng adiminstration. Further study into the effects of saponin and ginsenoside that are the main substances in ginseng for erectile dysfunction is needed. In addition, its possible additive effect with ginseng and sildenafil should be elucidated in the future.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.70-73
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• 2014

Sexual dysfunction (SD) is a health problem which occurs during any phase of the sexual response cycle that keeps the individual or couple from experiencing satisfaction from the sexual activity. SD covers a wide variety of symptoms like in men, erectile dysfunction and premature or delayed ejaculation, in women, spasms of the vagina and pain with sexual intercourse, in both sexes, sexual desire and response. And pharmacopuncture, i.e. injection of subclinical doses of drugs, mostly herb medicine, in acupoints, has been adopted with successful results. This case report showed the effect of bee venom on SD. A 51-year-old male patient with SD, who had a past history of taking Western medication to treat his SD and who had previously undergone surgery on his lower back due to a herniated disc, received treatments using pharmacopuncture of sweet bee venom (SBV) at Gwanwon (CV4), Hoeeum (CV1), Sinsu (BL23), and Gihaesu (BL24) for 20 days. Objectively, the patient showed improvement on most items on the International Index for Erectile Dysfunction (IIEF) like 28 to 29 out of perfect score 30 for erectile function, 10 to 10 out of perfect score 10 for orgasmic function, 6 to 8 out of perfect score 10 for sexual desire, 10 to 13 out of perfect score 15 for satisfaction with intercourse, and 6 to 8 out of perfect score 10 for overall satisfaction; subjectively, his words, the tone of his voice and the look of confidence in his eyes all indicated improvement. Among the variety of effects of SBV pharmacopuncture, urogenital problems such as SD may be health problems that pharmacopuncture can treat effectively.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.243-252
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• 2022

Objectives: Very limited previous research has investigated the utility weights of prostate-related diseases in the general population in Korea. The purpose of this study was to calculate the utility of prostate-related health states in the Korean general public using the standard gamble (SG) method. Methods: Seven health states for hypothetical prostate cancers, 1 for benign prostate hyperplasia, and 1 for erectile dysfunction were developed based on patient education material and previous publications. In total, 460 responses from the Korean general population were used to analyze the utility of prostate-related health states. Computer-assisted personal interviews were conducted, and utility values were measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and SG. Mean utility values were calculated for each prostate-related health state. Results: The mean utility values of prostate cancer derived from SG ranged from 0.281 (metastatic castration-refractory prostate cancer) to 0.779 (localized prostate cancer requiring prostatectomy). The utility value of benign prostate hyperplasia was 0.871, and that of erectile dysfunction was 0.812. The utility values obtained using the SG method in all conditions were higher than the values obtained by VAS. There were no significant demographic variables affecting utility values in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Our findings might be useful for economic evaluation and utility calculation of screening and interventions for prostate-related conditions in the general population.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.247-256
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• 1999

Ginseng has been used in maintaining physical vitality throughout the far-eastern countries and recently its metabolism and actions on neurologic, cardiovascular, and endocrinologic systems are studied. Korean red ginseng (KRG) has been used in various ailments, and to prove its efficacy for erectile dysfunction an international study on Asians other than Korean was performed. Patients with borderline organic and psychogenic erectile dysfunction were included. KRG were given daily, and placebo were given as controls. Treatment lasted a total of 3 months. Surveys including libido, erection, ejaculation, sexual activity, and sexual satisfaction were given. Serum testosterone and erectile function study were taken. Among the 64 patients, 37 patients were followed with KRG. Five had diabetes, 5 hypertension, 5 hypercholesterolemia, 6 low testosterone, 6 psychogenic, and 11 idiopathic. The improvement after KRG administration was $70.2\%$ on objective questionnaire and $75.7\%$ on subjective analysis. When KRG were given, all parameters surveyed have shown improvements compared to the placebo. The effects of KRG in Chinese and Singapores were similar to the Koreans. Serum testosterone levels were nonnalized in 6 patients with KRG, who's serum testosterone levels were reduced from pre-study. Two patient reported constipation, and 2 gastric upsets in the KRG group. In conclusion, KRG has beneficiary action on male erectile capabilities with little side effects. KRG is effective in Koreans and also Asians. The exact action mechanism and the active ingredients in KRG need to be studied.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 1995

A study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of Korean Red Ginseng (ERG) as an oral agent for erectile dysfunction (EF), which was compared to that of placebo and trazodone. Patients who were believed to have EF of mild or non-organic etiologies, randomized into 3 groups to receive 600 mg KRG 3 times daily (group A), placebo (group B) and 25mg trazodone once a day after evening (group C). All agents were given orally. Ninety patients, composed of 30 in each group, were included and analyzed only when clinical follow-up could be achieved at the end of the study for at least 3 months. There were no significant differences(p>0.05) between each group in mean age (43.7 years), duration of EF (5.8 years), the state of marriage (married : 80 patients) and duration of marriage (18.2 years). In group A, the parameters such as rigidity and tumescence on erection, early detumescence, libido and patient's satisfaction were significantly more effective than that of other group (p<0.05). But there were no significant differences in the parameters such as the frequency of coitus, premature ejaculation and morning erection between 3 groups (p>0.05). The efficacy achieved with KGR (60%) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of placebo (30%) and trazodone (30%). There were no significant changes on level of serum testosterone and type of AVS-penogram in group A. No side effect was demonstrated in all patients.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.514-517
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• 2006

Purpose: To report a rare case of concealed penis that was aggravated by circumcision and simple way of treatment using skin flap. The concealed penis is a primarily pediatric disease and is usually treated by urologists. The plastic surgeons tend to see these patients when it become secondary deformation or in conjoinment with other specialties. In such situation, the plastic surgeons do not have many experiences. Methods: A 3-year-old boy was admitted with aggravated concealed penis after circumcision in congenital webbed penis. Patient had been operated with scar revision and skin flap and peri operative antibiotics. Results: The patient recovered well without any complication such as infection, hematoma and necrosis of flap. Patient was discharged POD#7 with remaining sutures. Patient was followed up for 7 months and he has no sign of erectile dysfunction, voiding dysfunction and evidence of inflammation of the urinary system. Conclusion: We experienced a case of concealed penis that was aggravated from aggressive circumcision in congenital webbed penis.