• 센서학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.335-339
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• 2018

The optical characteristics of a terahertz (THz) antenna-coupled bolometer (ACB) detector were evaluated using a pulsed quantum cascade laser (QCL) and radiation blackbody sources. We investigated a method for measuring the responsivity and noise-equivalent power (NEP) of the THz detector using two different types of light sources. When using a QCL source with a frequency of 3 THz, the average responsivity of 24 devices was $1.44{\times}10^3V/W$ and the average NEP of those devices was $3.33{\times}10^{-9}W/{\surd}Hz$. The average responsivity and NEP as measured by blackbody source were $1.79{\times}10^5V/W$ and $6.51{\times}10^{-11}W/{\surd}Hz$, respectively, with the measured values varying depending on the light source. This was because the output power of each light source was different, with the laser source being driven by a pulse type wave and the blackbody source being driven by a continuous wave. The power input to the THz sensor was also different. Futhermore, the responsivity and NEP values measured using band pass filter (BPF) were similar to those measured when using only THz windows. It was found that ACB sensor responds normally in the THz region to both the laser and the blackbody source, and the method was confirmed to effectively evaluate the characteristics of the THz sensor.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.339-352
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• 2014

This paper discusses the appropriate duration for basic gust wind speeds in wind loading codes and standards, and in wind engineering generally. Although various proposed definitions are discussed, the 'moving average' gust duration has been widely accepted internationally. The commonly-specified gust duration of 3-seconds, however, is shown to have a significant effect on the high-frequency end of the spectrum of turbulence, and may not be ideally suited for wind engineering purposes. The effective gust durations measured by commonly-used anemometer types are discussed; these are typically considerably shorter than the 'standard' duration of 3 seconds. Using stationary random process theory, the paper gives expected peak factors, $g_u$, as a function of the non-dimensional parameter ($T/{\tau}$), where T is the sample, or reference, time, and ${\tau}$ is the gust duration, and a non-dimensional mean wind speed, $\bar{U}.T/L_u$, where $\bar{U}$ is a mean wind speed, and $L_u$ is the integral length scale of turbulence. The commonly-used Durst relationship, relating gusts of various durations, is shown to correspond to a particular value of turbulence intensity $I_u$, of 16.5%, and is therefore applicable to particular terrain and height situations, and hence should not be applied universally. The effective frontal areas associated with peak gusts of various durations are discussed; this indicates that a gust of 3 seconds has an equivalent frontal area equal to that of a tall building. Finally a generalized gust response factor format, accounting for fluctuating and resonant along-wind loading of structures, applicable to any code is presented.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2006

본 논문은 미세 오존 출력을 얻을 수 있는 자동제어형 오존발생장치의 제어기법을 제시하고, 또한 무성방전에 의한 오존발생장치의 유입공기를 공극에서 저온인 $2^{\circ}C$까지 냉각 하여 포화 확산도가 높은 고밀도 탈취용 오존을 발생시킬 수 있는 기법을 제시한다. 고주파수의 오존방전 노이즈에 의한 전원파형의 불량화를 보상하기 위해서 디지털 궤환 제어시스템을 구성하고, 방전관의 등가 커패시터의 전압과 전류를 검출하여 2중의 제어루프를 설계한다. 부하변동에 따르는 과도상태 응답특성을 개선하고 제어기의 연산 지연시간을 보상하기 위하여 연산시간을 전원장치 플랜트의 고유한 파라미터로 가정하여 플랜트모델에 포함시켜 모델링한다. 제안된 오존 발생기는 고농도 고효율의 오존방전 시스템의 입력전원에서 고주파방전노이즈가 제거되어 정현적으로 되며 2배 이상의 안정된 오존출력을 얻는 것을 실험적으로 입증한다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.793-803
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• 2018

Based on the theory of porous media, an interaction system of a floating pile and a saturated soil in cylindrical coordinates subjected to vertical harmonic load is presented in this paper. The surrounding soil is separated into two distinct layers. The upper soil layer above the level of pile base is described as a saturated viscoelastic medium and the lower soil layer is idealized as equivalent spring-dashpot elements with complex stiffness. Considering the cylindrically symmetry and the pile-soil compatibility condition of the interaction system, a frequency-domain analytical solution for dynamic impedance of the floating pile embedded in saturated viscoelastic soil is also derived, and reduced to verify it with existing solutions. An extensive parametric analysis has been conducted to reveal the effects of the impedance of the lower soil base, the interaction coefficient and the damping coefficient of the saturated viscoelastic soil layer on the vertical vibration of the pile-soil interaction system. It is shown that the vertical dynamic impedance of the floating pile significantly depends on the real stiffness of the impedance of the lower soil base, but is less sensitive to its dynamic damping variation; the behavior of the pile in poro-visco-elastic soils is totally different with that in single-phase elastic soils due to the existence of pore liquid; the effect of the interaction coefficient of solid and liquid on the pile-soil system is limited.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.445-453
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• 2013

Walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma fisheries in Korean waters have changed dramatically during the last three decades: the highest catches occurred in 1981, followed by continuous decreases through the 1990s, ending with a complete collapse of the population in the 2000s. The major spawning ground of walleye pollock is located in North Korean waters, and some juveniles (called nogari in Korean, <300 mm) migrate to the south for feeding and growth. Since the 1960s, Korean fishermen have often caught juveniles, and the weight (metric tons) of juvenile catch was recorded from 1975-1997. However, because the walleye pollock were not aged, the population age structure was not delineated. We developed a model to estimate the number of walleye pollock of each size class based on catch statistics of adults and juveniles, the catch proportion of each size class, and length and weight information on specimens collected by Danish-seine and drift-gill-net fisheries. The model results demonstrated that the recruitment size of walleye pollock was consistently within the 200-250mm size class, and the highest number of this size class occurred in 1981, although values greatly fluctuated interannually. The number of juvenile pollock was 10.4 times higher than that of adult pollock during 1975-1997. The total yield of juvenile pollock was 0.95 million tons, which was equivalent to about 68.2% of total pollock production. The number of juvenile pollock caught during the same period, however, was 16 billion, comprising about 91.2% of the total number caught. Such high fishing pressure on juvenile pollock is considered one of the main factors causing the collapse of the pollock population.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.832-835
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• 2001

We report the structural and electrical properties of hafnium oxide (HfO$_2$) films with tungsten silicide (WSi$_2$) metal gate. In this study, HfO$_2$thin films were fabricated by oxidation of sputtered Hf metal films on Si, and WSi$_2$was deposited directly on HfO$_2$by LPCVD. The hysteresis windows in C-V curves of the WSi$_2$HfO$_2$/Si MOS capacitors were negligible (<20 mV), and had no dependence on frequency from 10 kHz to 1 MHz and bias ramp rate from 10 mV to 1 V. In addition, leakage current was very low in the range of 10$^{-9}$ ~10$^{-10}$ A to ~ 1 V, which was due to the formation of interfacial hafnium silicate layer between HfO$_2$and Si. After PMA (post metallization annealing) of the WSi$_2$/HfO$_2$/Si MOS capacitors at 500 $^{\circ}C$ EOT (equivalent oxide thickness) was reduced from 26 to 22 $\AA$ and the leakage current was reduced by approximately one order as compared to that measured before annealing. These results indicate that the effect of fluorine diffusion is negligible and annealing minimizes the etching damage.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.482-491
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• 2018

The practical design methodology of a three-phase dual active bridge (3ph-DAB) converter applied to low voltage direct current (LVDC) applications is proposed by using a mathematical model based on the steady-state operation. An analysis of the small-signal model (SSM) is important for the design of a proper controller to improve the stability and dynamics of the converter. The proposed lead-lag controller for the 3ph-DAB converter is designed with a simplified SSM analysis including an equivalent series resistor (ESR) for the output capacitor. The proposed controller can compensate the effects of the ESR zero of the output capacitor in the control-to-output voltage transfer function that can cause high-frequency noises. In addition, the performance of the power converter can be improved by using a controller designed by a SSM analysis without additional cost. The accuracy of the simplified SSM including the ESR zero of the output capacitor is verified by simulation software (PSIM). The design methodology of the 3ph-DAB converter and the performance of the proposed controller are verified by experimental results obtained with a 5-kW prototype 3ph-DAB converter.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.104-112
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• 2003

유체기계 덕트 내 음원은 흔히 선형 시불변 모델을 이용하여 음원 임피던스와 강도로 특성화되어진다. 그러나 내연기관 및 압축기 음원에 대한 여러 측정에서 물리적으로 타당하지 않은 부의 저항이 보고된 바 있다. 본 논문에서는 유체기계의 시변성이 음원특성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 해석적으로 연구하였다. 이를 위하여 왕복동 피스톤 및 배기계로 구성된 간단한 유체기계를 전형적인 주기적으로 시변하는 계로서 다루었으며 등가음향 회로를 해석하였다. 해석 해를 이용한 모사측정에서는 실제 음원의 시변성이 부의 저항에 대한 주요한 원인임을 볼 수 있다. 비교적 작은 시변항의 크기를 가지는 경우에 피스톤이 정적 계의 고유진동수의 두 배 또는 그 정수로 나뉜 주파수로 작동한다면 음원이 큰 음향 파워를 방사하게 됨을 알 수 있다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.664-671
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• 1998

유기 전도성 고분자들중 전도성이 뛰어나고 전기화학적으로 중합이 용이하며 안정성이 뛰어난 피로고분자(ppy)는 산화-환원 활성자리에 회합되는 이온종에 따라서 피막의 형태학적 구조가 다양하다. 그러나 공기중에서 쉽게 노화하며 잘 부서지고 물과 친하지 않은 단점이 있다. 이를 개선하기 위하여 이 다공성 ppy 피막에 높은 개시전위를 갖는 퓨란고분자(pfu)를 끼워심기 중합한 Pt/ppy/pfu(x)전극을 제작하여 그 전기화학적 성질들을 순환전압전류법과 전기호학적 임피던스법으로 조사하였다. 이 때 사용된 도판트 이온은 $PF_6^-,\; BF_4^-$, 그리고 $ClO_4^-$이온 이였으며, pfu의 조성은 ppy에 대하여 0∼1.10 범위였는데 그 조성이 0.1∼0.2의 범위에 있을 때 가장 좋은 산화환원 특징을 나타냈다. 또, $PF_6^-$ 이온이 도우핑되었을 때 전하전달 저항은 다른 이온들로 중합된 것에 비하여 40배정도 낮았으며, 이 중층의 용량은 다른 두 종에 비하여 20배정도 큰 값을 보였다. 전하전달은 주파수의 변화에 영향을 받으며 물질전달에 의한 Warburg 임피던스 항이 포함되는 등가회로를 갖는다.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 리프팅 기반 일차원 (9,7) 이산 웨이블렛 변환(Discrete Wavelet Transform, DWT) 필터에 대한 효율적인 디지트 시리얼 VLSI 구조를 제안하였다. 제안한 구조는 연산을 디지트 단위로 처리하여 하드웨어 자원 소모량을 줄이고 승산기를 단순한 쉬프트와 덧셈 연산으로 대체하여 하드웨어를 최소화하였다. 적절한 데이터 비트할당을 위하여 PSNR을 분석하였고 이에 따라 입 출력 및 내부 데이터에 대한 비트를 정하였다. recursive folding 방식의 스케줄링을 적용할 때에 피드백에 의한 데이터 레이턴시로 인한 성능저하가 되지 않도록 설계하였다. 제안된 구조는 디지트 시리얼 구조를 통해 적은 하드웨어 자원을 사용하면서 100% 하드웨어 효율을 유지할 수 있도록 설계함으로써 하드웨어 비용과 성능을 동시에 고려하였다. 제안된 구조는 VerilogHDL로 모델링 하여 검증하였고 Synopsys사의 Design Compiler로 동부하이텍 0.18um 표준 셀 라이브러리를 사용하여 합성하였으며 2 input NAND 게이트 기준 3,770개의 게이트 수와 최대 동작주파수 330MHz의 결과를 얻었다.