• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2016

The past five years, industrial accidents due to food processing machinery have been occurred 725 cases, injury by the food cutter occurred 390 cases in its. On this study, to prevent food cutter injury, an attempt is made to present the improved documentation of fundamental safety of the food cutter workplace through the injury analysis of food cutter injury and surveys on band saw machine business field. Analyzing the result of 390 cases on food cutter injury, amputation, cut, puncture occupied 75.1 percent (293 cases), compressed occupied 23.3% (91 cases), also it showed constant component without reference to gender, age, scale of work place, service period. In the survey, lack of concentration for workers have been pointed out as the biggest factor in the cause of band saw machine injury. Meanwhile, such as the EU and Japan, whereas presents safety standards about band saw machines that are tailored to each country, on the other hand, South Korea doesn't provide the standards. To prevent the food cutter injury, safety standards need to be established in consideration of amputation, cut, puncture, compressed injury and financial support is required to procure protective equipment at each place of business.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.501-517
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• 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the technology trend on developing helmets based on the analysis of Korean, US, European and PCT patents. Background: The usage of the personal protective equipment such as the safety helmet would be essential for preventing injuries and reducing the severity of injuries depending on the type of activity and the exposed environment. Method: Database of WIPSON was used for searching the patents. The objects were the Korean, US, European and PCT patents registered or opened from January 2011 to December 2014. The keyword to investigate was helmet, and International Patent Classification (IPC) was used for investigating the technology trend of the patents. Results: The cases of US patents annually increased, but the cases of European patents decreased. US patents belonged to all sections but Korean and European patents and PCT patents did not. The largest number of IPC, to which four areas' patents belonged, was 'Headwear' and the second largest one was 'Hygiene'. In the subgroup level, the most common largest subgroups were 'Parts, details or accessories of helmets' and 'Masks, shields, or hoods for welders'. Korean patents had the lowest ratio of single_IPC at 11%, but the ratios of single_IPC for US and European patents were 52%, respectively. 'Human necessities', 'Mechanical engineering', 'Physics', and 'Electricity' were used as a single_IPC, but lower levels of 'Performing operations', 'Chemistry', 'Textiles' and 'Fixed constructions' were used as multi_IPC. Most main applicants had patents which belonged to 'Human necessities'. Conclusion: The cases of US patents annually increased unlike others. The common technologies for creating the helmet were Parts of helmets under Headwear and Shields for welders under Hygiene. Many Korean patents tended to be categorized as multi_IPC, different from others. Application: To know the technological characteristic of patents would be helpful to initial stage developers.

• 대한간호
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.108-117
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• 1997

This study was carried out to examine the standards for evaluation of laboratory facilities and equipment. These constitute the most important yet vulnerable area of our system of higher education among the six school evaluation categories provided by the Korean Council for University Education. To obtain data on the present situation of holdings and management of laboratory facilities and equipment at nursing schools in Korea, questionnaires were prepared by members of a special committee of the Korea Nursing Education Society on the basis of the Standards for University Laboratory Facilities and Equipment issued by the Ministry of Education. The questionnaires were sent to nursing schools across the nation by mail on October 4, 1995. 39 institutions completed and returned the questionnaires by mail by December 31 of the same year. The results of the analysis of the survey were as follows: 1. The Physical Environment of Laboratories According to the results of investigation of 14 nursing departments at four-year colleges, laboratories vary in size ranging from 24 to 274.91 pyeong ($1{\;}pyeong{\;}={\;}3.3m^2).$. The average number of students in a laboratory class was 46.93 at four-year colleges, while the number ranged from 40 to 240 in junior colleges. The average floor space of laboratories at junior colleges, however, was almost the same as those, of laboratories at four-year colleges. 2. The Actual State of Laboratory Facilities and Equipment Laboratory equipment possessed by nursing schools at colleges and universities showed a very wide distribution by type, but most of it does not meet government standards according to applicable regulations while some types of equipment are in excess supply. The same is true of junior colleges. where laboratory equipment should meet a different set of government standards specifically established for junior colleges. Closer investigation is called for with regard to those types of equipment which are in short supply in more than 80 percent of colleges and universities. As for the types of equipment in excess supply, investigation should be carried out to determine whether they are really needed in large quantities or should be installed. In many cases, it would appear that unnecessary equipment is procured, even if it is already obsolete, merely for the sake of holding a seemingly impressive armamentarium. 3. Basic Science Laboratory Equipment Among the 39 institutions, five four-year colleges were found to possess equipment for basic science. Only one type of essential equipment, tele-thermometers, and only two types of recommended equipment, rotators and dip chambers, were installed in sufficient numbers to meet the standards. All junior colleges failed to meet the standards in all of equipment categories. Overall, nursing schools at all of the various institutions were found to be below per in terms of laboratory equipment. 4. Required Equipment In response to the question concerning which type of equipment was most needed and not currently in possession, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) machines and electrocardiogram (ECG) monitors topped the list with four respondents each, followed by measuring equipment. 5. Management of Laboratory Equipment According to the survey, the professors in charge of clinical training and teaching assistants are responsible for management of the laboratory at nursing schools at all colleges and universities, whereas the chief of the general affairs section or chairman of the nursing department manages the laboratory at junior colleges. This suggests that the administrative systems are more or less different. According to the above results, laboratory training could be defined as a process by which nursing students pick up many of the nursing skills necessary to become fully qualified nurses. Laboratory training should therefore be carefully planned to provide students with high levels of hands-on experience so that they can effectively handle problems and emergencies in actual situations. All nursing students should therefore be thoroughly drilled and given as much on-the-job experience as possible. In this regard, there is clearly a need to update the equipment criteria as demanded by society's present situation rather than just filling laboratory equipment quotas according to the current criteria.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2009

PCB 표면 개질 및 세정에 있어서 저압 수은 램프를 이용한 UV 장비가 널리 사용되어왔다. 본 연구에서는 공정의 생산성을 향상 시키기 위하여 기존 UV 장비를 대체하여 리모트 DBD 방식의 대기압플라즈마 장비를 새로이 개발하였다. 두 장비의 생산성 비교는 처리 시간 증가에 따른 표면 접촉각의 변화를 측정함으로써 정량적으로 비교할 수 있었다. 측정 결과 대기압 플라즈마 장비의 생산성이 UV 장비에 비하여 매우 우수한 것으로 확인 되었다. 또한 XPS를 이용한 표면 조성 측정 결과 동일한 접촉각 수준에서 UV 및 대기압 처리의 효과는 유사한 것으로 파악되었다. 즉, 유기 오염 수준이 감소되었으며 표면 일부 표면 원소가 산회되었다. 최종적으로 대기압 플라즈마를 BGA제조의 플럭스 도포 공정에 적용하였는데, 대기압 플라즈마를 처리함으로써 도포 공정의 균일도가 향상되는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2021

Errors in the semiconductor process are generated by a change in the state of the equipment, and errors usually arise when the state of the equipment changes or when parts that make up the equipment have flaws. In this investigation, we anticipated that aging of the mass flow controller in the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition SiO2 thin film deposition method caused a minute flow rate shift. In seven cases, fourier transformation infrared film quality analysis of the deposited thin film was used to characterize normal and pathological processes. The plasma condition was monitored using optical emission spectrometry data as the flow rate changed during the procedure. Preprocessing was used to apply the collected OES data to the artificial immune system algorithm, which was then used to process diagnosis. Through comparisons between datasets, the learning algorithm compared classification accuracy and improved the method. It has been confirmed that data characterized as a normal process and abnormal processes with differing flow rates may be discriminated by themselves using the artificial immune system data mining method.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2023

본 논문은 항공기의 성능개량에 필수 수반되는 신규 및 변경 장비 장착부에 기체구조물 개조 및 장착설계를 수행한 연구이다. 항공기 외부에 장착되는 대표적인 성능개량 장비로는 안테나, 레이더, 전자광학/적외선 표적지시장치(EO/IR) 및 자체방어체계 장비 등이 있으며, 운용을 위해서 기본항공기의 구조보강, 개조 및 장착설계가 수행된다. 항공기 내부에는 사용자 운용 요구도에 맞게 콘솔과 랙 구조물이 개조 또는 추가된다. 또한 성능개량을 위해 교체 및 추가되는 장비의 장착설계와 이에 따른 내부 냉각을 위한 환경제어계통 구성품 개조가 수반된다. 성능개량 항공기의 구조건전성, 운용성 및 정비성이 확보된 기체구조물의 상세설계로 감항 적합성이 검증된 엔지니어링 과정과 사례를 제시하였다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.612-620
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• 2017

Relay coordination in power system is a complex problem and so far, meta-heuristic algorithms and other methods as an alternative approach may not properly deal with large scale relay coordination due to their huge time consuming computation. In some cases the relay coordination could be unachievable. As the urgency for a proper approach is essential, in this paper an innovative and simple relay coordination method is introduced that is able to be applied on optimization algorithms for relay protection coordination. The objective function equation of operating time of relays are divided into two separate functions with less constraints. As the analytical results show here, this equivalent method has a remarkable speed with high accuracy to coordinate directional relays. Two distribution systems including directional overcurrent relays are studied in DigSILENT software and the collected data are examined in MATLAB. The relay settings of this method are compared with particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm. The analytical results show the correctness of this mathematical and practical approach. This fast coordination method has a proper velocity of convergence with low iteration that can be used in large scale systems in practice and also to provide a feasible solution for protection coordination in smart grids as online or offline protection coordination.

• 기술사
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.5-11
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• 1981

This analysis has been conducted for 8 chemical plants built in Korea during 1975-1976 and the results have been compared with those in U.S.A. observed by Kenneth M. Guthrie. Equipment and materials supplied by domestic makers are limited in activity field and occupy only 12% of all equipment and material cost. However, unit costs of most materials supplied by home such as cement, steel, cables and carbon steel pipes, etc. being relatively cheaper than those of abroad, their effects on material-to-equipment ratios are apparent. There is a deep difference in labor wage rates between Korea and U.S.A. as much as 16 times. However, the labor productivity observed in these model projects is in the range of 1.1-1.4 to the Gulf Coast, U.S.A. during the same period. And this low wage rate and relatively high productivity have the greatest influence on deviation of Korean cost structure from that of U.S.A. In these model projects, engineering and construction management was conducted by foreign contractors (mostly U.S.A.), and the resulting project indirect cost amounts to 7.5 times as high as most cases executed by Korean contractors alone. Weighted percentage of each component and L/M-ratio by activities of direct field cost derived from this analysis are shown in detail in Tables 2 and 5 to provide a basis for futher study and comparison.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.666-674
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• 2013

This paper studied about the design and implementation of tactical communication network simulator in order to obtain tactical communication network parameter, such as link capacity and routing plan, and a number of exceptional cases that may occur during actual deployment by conducting simulation of a large-scale tactical communication networks. This tactical communication network simulator provides equipment models and link models of commercial OPNET simulator for tactical communication network. In addition, 6 types of simulation scenario writings convenience functions and traffic generation models that may occur in situations of tactical communication network environment were implemented in order to enhance user friendliness. By taking advantages of SITL(System-In-The-Loop) function of OPNET, the tactical communication network simulator allows users to perform interoperability test between M&S models and actual equipment in operating simulation of tactical communication network, which is run on software. In order to confirm the functions and performance of the simulator, small-scale of tactical communication network was configured to make sure interoperability between SITL-based equipment and a large-scale tactical communication network was simulated and checked how to cope with traffic generated for each network node. As the results, we were able to confirm that the simulator is operated properly.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2020

In nuclear power plants, there is a risk of thermal fatigue in equipment and piping affecting system soundness because the temperature change of the system accompanies in every operation and shutdown. Therefore, in order to prevent the excess of the fatigue limit during the lifetime of plants, the fatigue limit of each piping material is determined in the designing stage. However, there are many cases where equipment or piping is locally subjected to thermal fatigue that is not considered in the design, resulting in damage to the equipment and piping, and failure during operation. Currently, local thermal fatigue generation mechanisms that are not taken into account in the design stage are gradually being identified. In this paper, the effects of the fluid temperature fluctuations on the piping soundness due to the mixing of hot and cold water, one of the local thermal fatigue generating mechanisms, were evaluated.